scholarly journals Metapopulation Structure Predicts Population Dynamics in the Cakile maritima–Alternaria brassicicola Host-Pathogen Interaction

2020 ◽  
pp. E000-E000
Author(s):  
Julien Papaïx ◽  
Jeremy J. Burdon ◽  
Emily Walker ◽  
Luke G. Barrett ◽  
Peter H. Thrall
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Alternaria Brassicicola ◽  
Host Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Metapopulation Structure ◽  
Cakile Maritima ◽  
Host Pathogen

Vertical disease transmission in the Cakile-Alternaria host-pathogen interaction

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth J. Oliver ◽  
Peter H. Thrall ◽  
J. J. Burdon ◽  
J. E. Ash
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Alternaria Brassicicola ◽  
Host Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Emergent Plants ◽  
Cakile Maritima ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
Epidemic Development

Cakile maritima (Brassicaceae) is an introduced herb growing on temperate beaches in Australia. In these situations it is attacked by the fungal pathogen Alternaria brassicicola (Dematiaceae), which forms necrotic lesions on all above-ground parts. Cakile plants produce dimorphic fruits, with half of the seeds produced by C. maritima being adapted for dispersal by water. This raises the possibility that pathogen movement among host populations may occur as a consequence of wave action and ocean currents. A field survey showed that 30% of the seeds were infected with A. brassicicola, with the frequency of infection positively correlated with lesion density on the fruit surface. Glasshouse inoculation trials demonstrated that infection of seeds could occur either through the flowers or, more readily, when spores were deposited on fruits. Seedlings grown from field-collected seeds were found to emerge with infections, indicating seed infection may lead to disease in emergent plants. Overall, the findings of this study suggest that vertical transmission is likely to be by far the most important component of disease transmission among separate host populations in this host–pathogen system. However, once disease is established in a host population, both vertical and horizontal transmission will contribute to epidemic development. A second species of Alternaria (A. alternata) was detected in many isolates from disease lesions. Simple pure culture and mixed competition trials between this fungus and A. brassicicola on C. maritimashowed both to be capable of establishing infections, although A. brassicicola was much more successful both on its own and when both fungi were applied simultaneously.

scholarly journals The Role of Macrophages in the Host’s Defense against Sporothrix schenckii

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 905
Author(s):  
Estela Ruiz-Baca ◽  
Armando Pérez-Torres ◽  
Yolanda Romo-Lozano ◽  
Daniel Cervantes-García ◽  
Carlos A. Alba-Fierro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Macrophage Polarization ◽  
Sporothrix Schenckii ◽  
Macrophage Cell ◽  
Cell Recruitment ◽  
Host Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Interaction Processes ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
Molecular Patterns

The role of immune cells associated with sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix schenckii is not yet fully clarified. Macrophages through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) can recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of Sporothrix, engulf it, activate respiratory burst, and secrete pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory biological mediators to control infection. It is important to consider that the characteristics associated with S. schenckii and/or the host may influence macrophage polarization (M1/M2), cell recruitment, and the type of immune response (1, 2, and 17). Currently, with the use of new monocyte-macrophage cell lines, it is possible to evaluate different host–pathogen interaction processes, which allows for the proposal of new mechanisms in human sporotrichosis. Therefore, in order to contribute to the understanding of these host–pathogen interactions, the aim of this review is to summarize and discuss the immune responses induced by macrophage-S. schenckii interactions, as well as the PRRs and PAMPs involved during the recognition of S. schenckii that favor the immune evasion by the fungus.

scholarly journals Host–Pathogen Interaction in Invasive Salmonellosis

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. e1002933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna K. de Jong ◽  
Chris M. Parry ◽  
Tom van der Poll ◽  
W. Joost Wiersinga
Keyword(s):  
Host Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Host Pathogen
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