Co-varying patterns of genetic diversity and structure with life-history traits of freshwater mussel species (Bivalvia:Unionidae) in the Poyang Lake drainage, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-227
Author(s):  
Xiongjun Liu ◽  
Weikai Wang ◽  
Yanli Wu ◽  
Ruiwen Wu ◽  
Weiwei Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Poyang Lake ◽  
Freshwater Mussel ◽  
Mussel Species ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
Lake Drainage

scholarly journals Estructura genética de poblaciones de Eriocaulon bilobatum (Eriocaulaceae): una especie amenazada de humedades temporales

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Fabiola Magallán Hernández ◽  
Mahinda Martínez ◽  
Luis Hernández Sandoval ◽  
Ken Oyama
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Life History ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Temporary Wetlands ◽  
Sexual And Asexual Reproduction ◽  
Starch Gel

<em>Eriocaulon bilobatum</em> is an aquatic species that inhabits temporary wetlands in central Mexico. It is annual, herbaceous, emergent, with sexual and asexual reproduction, monoecious and insect pollinated. It is a rare and vulnerable species due to its endangered habitats. The objectives of this study were to determine the diversity and genetic structure of <em>E. bilobatum </em> and to know if there is a correlation with genetic diversity and its ecological and life history traits. Using horizontal starch-gel electrophoresis, we screened 160 individuals from four populations. <em>E. bilobatum</em> has a higher genetic diversity (A=2.32, Ae=1.31, P=69.65, Ho=0.134, He=0.197, HT=0.221) than species with similar ecological and life history traits, moderate levels of inbreeding (FIS = 0.312) and low genetic differentiation among populations (FST = 0.053 y GST = 0.048). Its diversity and genetic structure are determined by the mating system and life history traits, more than by inhabiting aquatic environments.

scholarly journals Evolution and seed dormancy shape plant genotypic structure through a successional cycle

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (34) ◽  
pp. e2026212118
Author(s):  
Anurag A. Agrawal ◽  
Amy P. Hastings ◽  
John L. Maron
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Life History ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Insect Herbivory ◽  
Oenothera Biennis ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Impact

Dormancy has repeatedly evolved in plants, animals, and microbes and is hypothesized to facilitate persistence in the face of environmental change. Yet previous experiments have not tracked demography and trait evolution spanning a full successional cycle to ask whether early bouts of natural selection are later reinforced or erased during periods of population dormancy. In addition, it is unclear how well short-term measures of fitness predict long-term genotypic success for species with dormancy. Here, we address these issues using experimental field populations of the plant Oenothera biennis, which evolved over five generations in plots exposed to or protected from insect herbivory. While populations existed above ground, there was rapid evolution of defensive and life-history traits, but populations lost genetic diversity and crashed as succession proceeded. After >5 y of seed dormancy, we triggered germination from the seedbank and genotyped >3,000 colonizers. Resurrected populations showed restored genetic diversity that reduced earlier responses to selection and pushed population phenotypes toward the starting conditions of a decade earlier. Nonetheless, four defense and life-history traits remained differentiated in populations with insect suppression compared with controls. These findings capture key missing elements of evolution during ecological cycles and demonstrate the impact of dormancy on future evolutionary responses to environmental change.

scholarly journals Population genetics reveals cryptic lineages and ongoing hybridization in a declining migratory fish species complex

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quentin Rougemont ◽  
Charles Perrier ◽  
Anne-Laure Besnard ◽  
Isabelle Lebel ◽  
Yann Abdallah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Life History ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Secondary Contact ◽  
Allis Shad ◽  
Twaite Shad ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
Demographic Processes ◽  
Hybridization And Introgression

AbstractDeciphering the effects of historical and recent demographic processes responsible for the spatial patterns of genetic diversity and structure is a key objective in evolutionary and conservation biology. Using genetic analyses, we investigated the demographic history, the contemporary genetic diversity and structure, and the occurrence of hybridization and introgression, of two species of anadromous fish with contrasted life history strategies and which have undergone recent demographic declines, the allis shad (Alosa alosa) and the twaite shad (Alosa fallax). We genotyped 706 individuals from 20 rivers and 5 sites at sea in Southern Europe at microsatellite markers. Genetic structure between populations was lower for the nearly semelparous species allis shad that disperse stronger distance compared to the iteroparous species, twaite shad. Individuals caught at sea were assigned at the river level for twaite shad and at the region level for allis shad. Using an approximate Bayesian computation framework, we inferred that the most likely long term historical divergence scenario between both species implicated historical separation followed by secondary contact accompanied by strong population size decline. Accordingly, we found evidence of contemporary hybridization and introgression between both species. Besides, our results support the existence of cryptic species in the Mediterranean sea. Overall, our results shed light on the interplay between historical and recent demographic processes and life history strategies in shaping population genetic diversity and structure of closely related species. The recent demographic decline of these species’ populations and their hybridization should be carefully considered while implementing conservation programs.

scholarly journals Genetic and phenotypic changes in an Atlantic salmon population supplemented with non-local individuals: a longitudinal study over 21 years

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1802) ◽  
pp. 20142765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Le Cam ◽  
Charles Perrier ◽  
Anne-Laure Besnard ◽  
Louis Bernatchez ◽  
Guillaume Evanno
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Life History ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Genetic Admixture ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Source Population ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Non Local ◽  
Source Populations

While introductions and supplementations using non-native and potentially domesticated individuals may have dramatic evolutionary effects on wild populations, few studies documented the evolution of genetic diversity and life-history traits in supplemented populations. Here, we investigated year-to-year changes from 1989 to 2009 in genetic admixture at 15 microsatellite loci and in phenotypic traits in an Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) population stocked during the first decade of this period with two genetically and phenotypically distinct source populations. We detected a pattern of temporally increasing introgressive hybridization between the stocked population and both source populations. The proportion of fish returning to the river after a single winter at sea ( versus several ones) was higher in fish assigned to the main source population than in local individuals. Moreover, during the first decade of the study, both single-sea-winter and multi-sea-winter (MSW) fish assigned to the main source population were smaller than local fish. During the second decade of the study, MSW fish defined as hybrids were lighter and smaller than fish from parental populations, suggesting outbreeding depression. Overall, this study suggests that supplementation with non-local individuals may alter not only the genetic diversity of wild populations but also life-history traits of adaptive significance.

Fine-scale structure within a Trillium maculatum (Liliaceae) population

Botany ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alana N. Walker ◽  
Stephanie A. Foré ◽  
Beverly Collins
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Life History ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Spatial Genetic Structure ◽  
Vegetative Reproduction ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Life History Stages ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
Random Expectation ◽  
Perennial Herbs

In long-lived ant-dispersed perennial herbs of mesic forests, interactions among fruiting plants, seed dispersal, and plant mortality over life-history stages can create demographic and genetic structure. We investigated whether there was nonrandom variation in the distributions of individuals and in genetic diversity within and among life-history stages of the forest herb Trillium maculatum Raf. (Liliaceae). In 2002 and 2004, all T. maculatum plants in a 5 m × 5 m plot (1572 and 1379 individuals, respectively) were mapped and classified as seedling, one-leaf, three-leaf nonflowering, or flowering. Spatial distributions of plants within and across life-history stages were tested against random expectation. Allozyme analysis of 262 individuals from three life-history stages was used to assess genetic diversity and structure in 2004. The number of seedlings and the proportion of one-leaf plants differed between years, but the proportions of three-leaf nonflowering and flowering plants remained the same. There was little evidence of vegetative reproduction, but heterozygosity was low and there was evidence of inbreeding. Seedlings were clumped around flowering plants at distances up to 50 cm and one-leaf plants were clumped at distances up to 100 cm. There were no apparent genetic differences among life-history stages, nor any apparent spatial genetic structure among all sampled individuals. These results, like those of other demographic and allozyme studies of Trillium species, can be explained by restricted dispersal and random mortality.

scholarly journals Life history traits and dispersal shape neutral genetic diversity in metapopulations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimmy Garnier ◽  
Pierre Lafontaine
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Local Effect ◽  
Local Diversity ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Neutral Genetic Diversity ◽  
Delayed Maturation ◽  
Iteroparous Species

Genetic diversity at population scale, depends on species life-history traits, population dynamics and local and global environmental factors. We first investigate the effect of lifehistory traits on the neutral genetic diversity of a single population using a deterministic mathematical model. When the population is stable, we show that semelparous species with precocious maturation and iteroparous species with delayed maturation exhibit higher diversity because their life history traits tend to balance the lifetimes of non reproductive individuals (juveniles) and adults which reproduce. Then, we extend our model to a metapopulation to investigate the additional effect of dispersal on diversity. We show that dispersal may truly modify the local effect of life history on diversity. As a result, the diversity at the global scale of the metapopulation differ from the local diversity which is only described through local life history traits of the populations. In particular, dispersal usually promotes diversity at the global metapopulation scale.

Guiding Species Recovery through Assessment of Spatial and Temporal Population Genetic Structure of Two Critically Endangered Freshwater Mussel Species (Bivalvia: Unionidae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jess Walter Jones ◽  
Timothy W. Lane ◽  
Nathan Johnson ◽  
Eric M. Hallerman
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Freshwater Mussel ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Temporal Scale ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Frequency Change ◽  
Mussel Species ◽  
Clinch River

Abstract The Cumberlandian Combshell (Epioblasma brevidens) and Oyster Mussel (E. capsaeformis) are critically endangered freshwater mussel species native to the Tennessee and Cumberland River drainages, major tributaries of the Ohio River in the eastern United States. The Clinch River in northeastern Tennessee (TN) and southwestern Virginia (VA) harbors the only remaining stronghold population for either species, containing tens of thousands of individuals per species; however, a few smaller populations are still extant in other rivers. We collected and analyzed genetic data to assist with population restoration and recovery planning for both species. We used an 888 base-pair sequence of the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase 1 (ND1) gene and ten nuclear DNA microsatellite loci to assess patterns of genetic differentiation and diversity in populations at small and large spatial scales, and at a 9-year (2004 to 2013) temporal scale, which showed how quickly these populations can diverge from each other in a short time period. Intraspecific mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and microsatellite DNA variation was higher in E. capsaeformis than in E. brevidens. These two species have maintained quite different levels of genetic diversity within their Clinch River stronghold and in their smaller peripheral populations in the Big South Fork Cumberland and Nolichucky rivers, TN. For instance, with only three mtDNA haplotypes detected overall across populations, E. brevidens’ capacity for maintaining genetic diversity appears to be less than that of E. capsaeformis, which had 18 haplotypes. At the relatively small spatial scales (15-30 kilometers) investigated in the Clinch River, demes of both species exhibited minimal genetic differentiation in either the 2004 or 2013 sampling periods, typically <0.02 based on FST and <0.1 based on Jost’s D. Our genetic data suggest that mussels at the numerous shoals in a 32-kilometer section of the Clinch River comprise a single, large population of each respective species with very high gene-flow among individual demes. However, we also observed a high level of genetic differentiation among demes at the 9-year temporal scale, with differentiation metrics for E. brevidens (D = 0.47 and FST = 0.12) and E. capsaeformis (D = 0.31 and FST = 0.05) proving higher than the within-year values. This result strongly suggests that genetic drift is playing an important role in allele frequency change over time in these populations. At the spatial and temporal scales investigated in this study, various demographic, life history, and environmental factors are influencing maintenance of genetic variation and need to be considered during conservation planning for each species.

Genetic variation in the widespread Embothrium coccineum (Proteaceae) endemic to Patagonia: effects of phylogeny and historical events

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cintia P. Souto ◽  
Andrea C. Premoli
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Glacial Refugia ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Adult Trees ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
Parsimony Trees

Allozyme electrophoresis was used to measure and compare, with other members of the Proteaceae, levels and distribution of genetic diversity in Embothrium coccineum J.R.Forst., a widespread outcrossing species endemic of Andean Patagonian forests. We analysed variation at the species level by sampling 34 populations along its entire range of ~20° latitude. We tested the hypothesis of multiple Pleistocene refugia by phylogeographic methods. We resolved 16 isozyme loci assayed in 934 adult trees. At the species level, total genetic diversity (HT = 0.220) was similar to that of other outcrossed and widespread plant species. Genetic parameters (NA, PSS, HE) were not statistically different from other outcrossed but mostly range-restricted Proteaceae, reflecting a strong phylogenetic imprinting for species sharing life-history traits. Populations are genetically divergent among each other (FST = 0.202). The low correlation between geographic and genetic distances suggests separate histories, i.e. multiple glacial refugia for the cold-tolerant E. coccineum. Phylogeographic trees produced different topologies, although maximum likelihood and parsimony trees shared some elements. Both trees suggest a northern and central clade, and then a separate southern clade. Current processes such as gene flow and selection confound the historic signal. These results seem in contrast to many of the northern hemisphere post-glacial phylogeographic reconstructions which show clear historical tracks of northern range expansion from southern refugia. The present study highlights the importance of phylogenetic imprinting, life-history traits and historical events driving genetic diversity patterns in this widespread Proteaceae from southern South America.

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