Organization of Buccal Cone Musculature in the Pteropod Mollusc Clione limacina

2019 ◽  
Vol 237 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-47
Author(s):  
Tigran P. Norekian ◽  
Colin O. Hermans ◽  
Richard A. Satterlie
Keyword(s):  
Clione Limacina

scholarly journals Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate Modulates Locomotor Acceleration Induced by Nitric Oxide but not Serotonin in Clione limacina Central Pattern Generator Swim Interneurons

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J Pirtle ◽  
Richard A Satterlie
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Central Pattern Generator ◽  
Guanylyl Cyclase ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathway ◽  
Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase ◽  
Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate ◽  
Pattern Generator ◽  
Guanosine Monophosphate ◽  
Cellular Changes ◽  
Clione Limacina

Abstract Typically, the marine mollusk, Clione limacina, exhibits a slow, hovering locomotor gait to maintain its position in the water column. However, the animal exhibits behaviorally relevant locomotor swim acceleration during escape response and feeding behavior. Both nitric oxide and serotonin mediate this behavioral swim acceleration. In this study, we examine the role that the second messenger, cGMP, plays in mediating nitric oxide and serotonin-induced swim acceleration. We observed that the application of an analog of cGMP or an activator of soluble guanylyl cyclase increased fictive locomotor speed recorded from Pd-7 interneurons of the animal’s locomotor central pattern generator. Moreover, inhibition of soluble guanylyl cyclase decreased fictive locomotor speed. These results suggest that basal levels of cGMP are important for slow swimming and that increased production of cGMP mediates swim acceleration in Clione. Because nitric oxide has its effect through cGMP signaling and because we show herein that cGMP produces cellular changes in Clione swim interneurons that are consistent with cellular changes produced by serotonin application, we hypothesize that both nitric oxide and serotonin function via a common signal transduction pathway that involves cGMP. Our results show that cGMP mediates nitric oxide-induced but not serotonin-induced swim acceleration in Clione.

Whole body withdrawal circuit and its involvement in the behavioral hierarchy of the mollusk Clione limacina

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 529-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. P. Norekian ◽  
R. A. Satterlie
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Prey Capture ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
High Threshold ◽  
Behavioral Repertoire ◽  
Withdrawal Behavior ◽  
Cerebral Neurons ◽  
Clione Limacina

1. The behavioral repertoire of the holoplanktonic pteropod mollusk Clione limacina includes a few well-defined behaviors organized in a priority sequence. Whole body withdrawal takes precedence over slow swimming behavior, whereas feeding behavior is dominant over withdrawal. In this study a group of neurons is described in the pleural ganglia, which controls whole body withdrawal behavior in Clione. Each pleural withdrawal (Pl-W) neuron has a high threshold for spike generation and is capable of inducing whole body withdrawal in a semi-intact preparation: retraction of the body-tail, wings, and head. Each Pl-W neuron projects axons into the main central nerves and innervates all major regions of the body. 2. Stimulation of Pl-W neurons produces inhibitory inputs to swim motor neurons that terminate swimming activity in the preparation. In turn, Pl-W neurons receive inhibitory inputs from the cerebral neurons involved in the control of feeding behavior in Clione, neurons underlying extrusion of specialized prey capture appendages. Thus it appears that specific inhibitory connections between motor centers can explain the dominance of withdrawal behavior over slow swimming and feeding over withdrawal in Clione.

Exceptional long-term starvation ability and sites of lipid storage of the Arctic pteropod Clione limacina

Polar Biology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 571-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Böer ◽  
Martin Graeve ◽  
Gerhard Kattner
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Storage ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Clione Limacina

scholarly journals The biology of Limacina retroversa

1954 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Morton
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
History Of ◽  
Clione Limacina

The Plymouth Fauna List contains records of two genera of pteropods, Limacina and Clione. Of the first, Limacina retroversa (Flem.) is by far the better-known species, apparently occurring regularly at Plymouth in large numbers in townettings from outside, and sometimes inside, the Sound. It breeds at Plymouth from June to August, and Lebour (1932) has given a detailed account of its breeding and larval stages and has discussed its role in the plankton. The second species of Limacina at Plymouth is lesueuri (d'Orbigny), which has been observed from time to time since 1906, when it was very common. The last record in the Fauna is off the Breakwater in 1920. Of the gymnosomatous pteropods, Clione limacina Phipps is the only species regularly occurring. Lebour (1931) has described the life history of this form, and mentions February to August as its months of greatest abundance. Its breeding season is June to August. Another gymnosome, tentatively referred to as Clionina longicauda, is reported by Russell (1936), and from the specimen department at Plymouth Laboratory the writer obtained some preserved specimens, not easily identifiable, of a Pneumodermopsis taken locally; its species is perhaps ciliata, recorded by Massy (1917) from the Irish Coast.

Asymmetrical Effect of GABA on the Postural Orientation inClione

2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 1673-1676 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Deliagina ◽  
G. N. Orlovsky ◽  
A. I. Selverston ◽  
Y. I. Arshavsky
Keyword(s):  
Body Orientation ◽  
In Vitro Experiments ◽  
Marine Mollusk ◽  
Left Group ◽  
Asymmetrical Effect ◽  
Postural Orientation ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Clione Limacina ◽  
The Right

The marine mollusk Clione limacina, when swimming, normally stabilizes the vertical body orientation by means of the gravitational tail reflexes. Horizontal swimming or swimming along inclined ascending trajectories is observed rarely. Here we report that GABA injection into intact Clione resulted in a change of the stabilized orientation and swimming with a tilt of ∼45° to the left. The analysis of modifications in the postural network underlying this effect was done with in vitro experiments. The CNS was isolated together with the statocysts. Spike discharges in the axons of two groups of motoneurons responsible for the left and right tail flexion, as well as in the axons of CPB3 interneurons mediating signals from the statocyst receptors to the motoneurons, were recorded extracellularly when the preparation was rotated in space. Normally the tail motoneurons of the left and right groups were activated with the contralateral tilt of the preparation. Under the effect of GABA, the gravitational responses in the right group of motoneurons and in the corresponding interneurons were dramatically reduced while the responses in the left group remained unchanged. The most likely site of the inhibitory GABA action is the interneurons mediating signals from the statocysts to the right group of tail motoneurons. The GABA-induced asymmetry of the left and right gravitational tail reflexes, observed in the in vitro experiments, is consistent with a change of the stabilized orientation caused by GABA in the intact Clione.

Lipids and fatty acids in Clione limacina and Limacina helicina in Svalbard waters and the Arctic Ocean: trophic implications

Polar Biology ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stig Falk-Petersen ◽  
John R. Sargent ◽  
Slawomir Kwasniewski ◽  
Bjørn Gulliksen ◽  
Rose-Mary Millar
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Limacina Helicina ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
Clione Limacina

Control of locomotion in the marine mollusc Clione limacina

1996 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.V. Panchin ◽  
Y.I. Arshavsky ◽  
T.G. Deliagina ◽  
G.N. Orlovsky ◽  
L.B. Popova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Mollusc ◽  
Clione Limacina
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