scholarly journals Stage-Structured Evolutionary Demography: Linking Life Histories, Population Genetics, and Ecological Dynamics

2019 ◽  
Vol 193 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte de Vries ◽  
Hal Caswell
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Ecological Dynamics ◽  
Evolutionary Demography

scholarly journals Evolutionary demography of iteroparous plants: incorporating non-lethal costs of reproduction into integral projection models

2012 ◽  
Vol 279 (1739) ◽  
pp. 2831-2840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom E. X. Miller ◽  
Jennifer L. Williams ◽  
Eelke Jongejans ◽  
Rein Brys ◽  
Hans Jacquemyn
Keyword(s):  
Life Histories ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cost Of Reproduction ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Reproductive Costs ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Integral Projection Models ◽  
Integral Projection ◽  
Evolutionary Demography ◽  
Selective Forces

Understanding the selective forces that shape reproductive strategies is a central goal of evolutionary ecology. Selection on the timing of reproduction is well studied in semelparous organisms because the cost of reproduction (death) can be easily incorporated into demographic models. Iteroparous organisms also exhibit delayed reproduction and experience reproductive costs, although these are not necessarily lethal. How non-lethal costs shape iteroparous life histories remains unresolved. We analysed long-term demographic data for the iteroparous orchid Orchis purpurea from two habitat types (light and shade). In both the habitats, flowering plants had lower growth rates and this cost was greater for smaller plants. We detected an additional growth cost of fruit production in the light habitat. We incorporated these non-lethal costs into integral projection models to identify the flowering size that maximizes fitness. In both habitats, observed flowering sizes were well predicted by the models. We also estimated optimal parameters for size-dependent flowering effort, but found a strong mismatch with the observed flower production. Our study highlights the role of context-dependent non-lethal reproductive costs as selective forces in the evolution of iteroparous life histories, and provides a novel and broadly applicable approach to studying the evolutionary demography of iteroparous organisms.

scholarly journals Evolutionary demography of agricultural expansion in preindustrial northern Finland

2014 ◽  
Vol 281 (1794) ◽  
pp. 20141559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuli Helle ◽  
Jon E. Brommer ◽  
Jenni E. Pettay ◽  
Virpi Lummaa ◽  
Matti Enbuske ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Population Growth Rate ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Sympatric Populations ◽  
Agricultural Revolution ◽  
Evolutionary Demography ◽  
Annual Population ◽  
Major Turning Point

A shift from nomadic foraging to sedentary agriculture was a major turning point in human evolutionary history, increasing our population size and eventually leading to the development of modern societies. We however lack understanding of the changes in life histories that contributed to the increased population growth rate of agriculturalists, because comparable individual-based reproductive records of sympatric populations of agriculturalists and foragers are rarely found. Here, we compared key life-history traits and population growth rate using comprehensive data from the seventieth to nineteenth century Northern Finland: indigenous Sami were nomadic hunter-fishers and reindeer herders, whereas sympatric agricultural Finns relied predominantly on animal husbandry. We found that agriculture-based families had higher lifetime fecundity, faster birth spacing and lower maternal mortality. Furthermore, agricultural Finns had 6.2% higher annual population growth rate than traditional Sami, which was accounted by differences between the subsistence modes in age-specific fecundity but not in mortality. Our results provide, to our knowledge, the most detailed demonstration yet of the demographic changes and evolutionary benefits that resulted from agricultural revolution.

Population genetics and evolutionary demography of Ucides cordatus (Decapoda: Ocypodidae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 460-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
José F. Oliveira-Neto ◽  
Marcio R. Pie ◽  
Walter A. Boeger ◽  
Antonio Ostrensky ◽  
Rafael A. Baggio
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Ucides Cordatus ◽  
Evolutionary Demography

Life Histories of Patients With Chronic Ulcerative Colitis: A Review of 2,000 Cases

1950 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wyman P. Sloan ◽  
F. Arnold Bargen ◽  
Robert P. Gage
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Chronic Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Life Histories

Power and politics in migration narrative methodology: Research with young Congolese migrants in Uganda

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Clark-Kazak
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Young People ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Narrative Research ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Personal Boundaries ◽  
Migration Narratives ◽  
Narrative Methodology

This paper explores the power dynamics inherent in qualitative research involving migration narratives. Drawing on the author’s experiences collecting life histories and constructing narratives of Congolese young people in Uganda, this article addresses the ethical and methodological issues of representivity, ownership, anonymity and confidentiality. It also explores the importance of investment in relationships in migration narrative research, but also the difficulties that arise when professional and personal boundaries become blurred.

Isotopic characterization of lifetime movement by two demersal fishes from the northeastern Gulf of Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol 657 ◽  
pp. 161-172
Author(s):  
JL Vecchio ◽  
JL Ostroff ◽  
EB Peebles
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Continental Shelf ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Trophic Position ◽  
Eye Lens ◽  
Outer Continental Shelf ◽  
Red Grouper ◽  
Lens Diameter ◽  
Isotopic Characterization

An understanding of lifetime trophic changes and ontogenetic habitat shifts is essential to the preservation of marine fish species. We used carbon and nitrogen stable isotope values (δ13C and δ15N) recorded within the laminar structure of fish eye lenses, reflecting both diet and location over time, to compare the lifetime trends of 2 demersal mesopredators. Tilefish Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps inhabit burrows on the outer continental shelf, which results in exceptional site fidelity. Red grouper Epinephelus morio are spawned on the middle to outer continental shelf, move to the inner shelf for the juvenile period, and return offshore upon sexual maturity. Both species inhabit the eastern Gulf of Mexico, a region with a distinctive offshore-inshore gradient in background δ13C values. Within individual tilefish (n = 36), sequences of δ13C values and δ15N values had strong, positive correlations with eye-lens diameter, and strong correlations between the 2 isotopes (mean Spearman r = 0.86), reflecting an increase in trophic position with growth and little lifetime movement. In red grouper (n = 30), δ15N values positively correlated with eye-lens diameter, but correlations between δ15N and δ13C were weak (mean Spearman r = 0.29), suggesting cross-shelf ontogenetic movements. Linear mixed model results indicated strong relationships between δ15N and δ13C values in tilefish eye lenses but no convergence in the red grouper model. Collectively, these results are consistent with previously established differences in the life histories of the 2 species, demonstrating the potential utility of eye-lens isotope records, particularly for investigating the life histories of lesser-known species.

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