Physiological and Immune Responses of Free-Living Temperate Birds Provided a Gradient of Food Supplementation

2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Cornelius Ruhs ◽  
François Vézina ◽  
William H. Karasov
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Food Supplementation ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Temperate Birds

Healthy Effects Exerted by Prebiotics, Probiotics, and Symbiotics with Special Reference to their Impact on the Immune System

2012 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilio Jirillo ◽  
Felicita Jirillo ◽  
Thea Magrone
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Adaptive Immune Responses ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Reduced Frequency ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Pre-, pro-, and symbiotics are endowed with a broad spectrum of beneficial effects when administered to animals and humans. A series of experimental and clinical studies have clearly demonstrated that prebiotics, probiotics, or their combination are very effective in attenuating chronic inflammatory conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease or obesity. In addition, these natural products are able to prevent or arrest tumor development, acting on the intestinal microbiota as well as potentiating the immune response.Aging is characterized by a dramatic reduction of both innate and adaptive immune responses, the so-called immunosenescence. This leads to an increased incidence of infections, autoimmune diseases, and cancer in the elderly. Pre-, pro-, and symbiotic administration has been shown to ameliorate the immune response in aging. In particular, administration of a symbiotic to free-living elderly was able to potentiate the release of interleukin-8, thus increasing neutrophils in the host, perhaps explaining the reduced frequency of winter infections in the elderly.

scholarly journals Food limitation constrains host immune responses to nematode infections

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 20160471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristian M. Forbes ◽  
Tapio Mappes ◽  
Tarja Sironen ◽  
Tomas Strandin ◽  
Peter Stuart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Food Limitation ◽  
Finite Energy ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Food Supplementation ◽  
Boreal Winter ◽  
Intestinal Nematode ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Parasite Infections

Trade-offs in the allocation of finite-energy resources among immunological defences and other physiological processes are believed to influence infection risk and disease severity in food-limited wildlife populations. However, this prediction has received little experimental investigation. Here we test the hypothesis that food limitation impairs the ability of wild field voles ( Microtus agrestis ) to mount an immune response against parasite infections. We conducted a replicated experiment on vole populations maintained in large outdoor enclosures during boreal winter, using food supplementation and anthelmintic treatment of intestinal nematodes. Innate immune responses against intestinal parasite infections were compared between food-supplemented and non-supplemented voles. Voles with high food availability mounted stronger immune responses against intestinal nematode infections than food-limited voles. No food effects were seen in immune responses to intracellular coccidian parasites, possibly owing to their ability to avoid activation of innate immune pathways. Our findings demonstrate that food availability constrains vole immune responses against nematode infections, and support the concept that spatio-temporal heterogeneity in food availability creates variation in infectious disease susceptibility.

Lectins as virulence factors in Entamoeba histolytica and free-living amoebae

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 919-936
Author(s):  
Paula Guzmán-Téllez ◽  
Moisés Martínez-Castillo ◽  
Nadia Flores-Huerta ◽  
Gabriela Rosales-Morgan ◽  
Judith Pacheco-Yépez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Acanthamoeba Castellanii ◽  
Naegleria Fowleri ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Balamuthia Mandrillaris ◽  
Nægleria Fowleri

Currently, there is growing interest in the identification and purification of microbial lectins due to their involvement in the pathogenicity mechanisms of pathogens, such as Entamoeba histolytica and free-living amoebae. The Gal/GalNAc lectin from E. histolytica participates in adhesion, cytotoxicity and regulation of immune responses. Furthermore, mannose- and galactose-binding protein have been described in Acanthamoeba castellanii and Balamuthia mandrillaris, respectively and they also contribute to host damage. Finally, in Naegleria fowleri, molecules containing mannose and fucose are implicated in adhesion and cytotoxicity. Considering their relevance in the pathogenesis of the diseases caused by these protozoa, lectins appear to be promising targets in the diagnosis, vaccination and treatment of these infections.

Ultrastructure of neuromuscular relationships in the canine heartworm (dirofilaria immitis)

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 278-279
Author(s):  
W. L. Steffens ◽  
Nancy B. Roberts ◽  
J. M. Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Dirofilaria Immitis ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Structural Description ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Canine Heartworm ◽  
The World ◽  
Synaptic Region ◽  
Muscle Innervation ◽  
Insight Into

The canine heartworm is a common and serious nematode parasite of domestic dogs in many parts of the world. Although nematode neuroanatomy is fairly well documented, the emphasis has been on sensory anatomy and primarily in free-living soil species and ascarids. Lee and Miller reported on the muscular anatomy in the heartworm, but provided little insight into the peripheral nervous system or myoneural relationships. The classical fine-structural description of nematode muscle innervation is Rosenbluth's earlier work in Ascaris. Since the pharmacological effects of some nematacides currently being developed are neuromuscular in nature, a better understanding of heartworm myoneural anatomy, particularly in reference to the synaptic region is warranted.

Specific humoral immune responses in 12 cases of food sensitization to sesame seed

1997 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1285-1291 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. KOLOPP-SARDA ◽  
D. A. MONERET-VAUTRIN ◽  
B. GOBERT ◽  
G. KANNY ◽  
M. BRODSCHII ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Sesame Seed ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Food Sensitization

Lead and lead toxicity in domestic and free living birds

2003 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. De Francisco ◽  
N. De Francisco ◽  
N. De Francisco
Keyword(s):  
Lead Toxicity ◽  
Free Living
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