scholarly journals Improving Intergroup Relations through Actual and Imagined Contact: Field Experiments with Malawian Shopkeepers and Chinese Migrants

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 273-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Gu ◽  
Annika Mueller ◽  
Ingrid Nielsen ◽  
Jason Shachat ◽  
Russell Smyth
Keyword(s):  
Intergroup Relations ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Chinese Migrants ◽  
Imagined Contact ◽  
Contact Field

scholarly journals Spontaneous imagined contact and intergroup relations: Quality matters

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Stathi ◽  
Rita Guerra ◽  
Gian Antonio Di Bernardo ◽  
Loris Vezzali
Keyword(s):  
Intergroup Relations ◽  
Quality Matters ◽  
Imagined Contact

Attributional processes underlying imagined contact effects

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Crisp ◽  
Shenel Husnu
Keyword(s):  
Intergroup Relations ◽  
Intergroup Contact ◽  
Intergroup Attitudes ◽  
Person Perspective ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Intergroup Encounters ◽  
Imagined Contact ◽  
Third Person Perspective ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Attributional Processes

Recent research has demonstrated that mentally simulating positive intergroup encounters can promote tolerance and more positive intergroup attitudes. We explored the attributional processes underlying these effects. In our study participants who imagined intergroup contact subsequently reported greater intentions to engage in future contact, a relationship that was mediated by participants’ attribution, to themselves, of a more positive attitudinal orientation towards outgroup contact. Consistent with this attributional account, the perspective taken when imagining the encounter qualified this effect. Participants who imagined the encounter from a third-person perspective reported heightened intentions to engage in future contact relative to control participants, while this was not the case when the encounter was imagined from a first-person perspective. These findings suggest that attributional processes are key to observing the benefits that accrue from imagining intergroup contact. We speculate that these attributions may distinguish the approach from extended and actual forms of contact and help researchers to further capitalize on the benefits of mental imagery for improving intergroup relations.

Improving intergroup relations through direct, extended and other forms of indirect contact

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Dovidio ◽  
Anja Eller ◽  
Miles Hewstone
Keyword(s):  
Intergroup Relations ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Personal Contact ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Intergroup Attitudes ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Indirect Contact ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Extended Contact ◽  
Imagined Contact

The benefits of direct, personal contact with members of another group are well established empirically. This Special Issue complements that body of work by demonstrating the effects of various forms of indirect contact on intergroup attitudes and relations. Indirect contact includes (a) extended contact: learning that an ingroup member is friends with an outgroup member, (b) vicarious contact: observing an ingroup member interact with an outgroup member, and (c) imagined contact: imagining oneself interacting with an outgroup member. The effects of indirect contact not only occur independently of direct contact, they often involve distinct psychological mechanisms. The present article briefly reviews work on direct intergroup contact and then discusses recent theoretical and empirical developments in the study of extended contact, vicarious contact, and imagined contact. We consider the similarities and distinctions in the dynamics of these forms of indirect contact and conclude by identifying promising directions for future research.

scholarly journals Crossing the divide: promoting confidence in contact in a diverse world

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
Rhiannon N. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Intergroup Relations ◽  
Intergroup Contact ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Positive Interactions ◽  
Extended Contact ◽  
Diverse World ◽  
Societal Level ◽  
Group Relationships ◽  
Imagined Contact ◽  
The Many

We are living in an increasingly diverse world, an exciting prospect given that positive interactions between people from different social groups have numerous benefits. Unfortunately, however, people often fail to engage in such interactions. Moreover, there is evidence that prejudice, both at an individual and a societal level, remains prevalent. To navigate the diverse world in which we live and, in turn, promote positive intergroup relations, it is important to develop skills and beliefs that will enable us to engage confidently in cross-group relationships. This article will highlight research which demonstrates some of the many benefits of engaging in intergroup contact, from more positive intergroup relations to broader changes in the way we think. The importance of promoting confidence at engaging in contact and its potential predictors and outcomes will be considered. Finally, interventions—specifically extended contact, imagined contact and online contact or e-contact—will be outlined that can help to make people more confident, and in turn more likely to engage in successful interactions with people from different backgrounds to themselves.

Electron Microscopy of the Shape of Small Metal Particles

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 300-301
Author(s):  
M. Jose Yacaman
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Metal Particle ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Metal Particles ◽  
Bragg Condition ◽  
Crystal Particle ◽  
Small Metal Particle ◽  
Small Metal Particles

In the Study of small metal particles the shape is a very Important parameter. Using electron microscopy Ino and Owaga(l) have studied the shape of twinned particles of gold. In that work electron diffraction and contrast (dark field) experiments were used to produce models of a crystal particle. In this work we report a method which can give direct information about the shape of an small metal particle in the amstrong- size range with high resolution. The diffraction pattern of a sample containing small metal particles contains in general several systematic and non- systematic reflections and a two-beam condition can not be used in practice. However a N-beam condition produces a reduced extinction distance. On the other hand if a beam is out of the bragg condition the effective extinction distance is even more reduced.

Reducing Prejudice Through Narratives

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 185-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Moyer-Gusé ◽  
Katherine R. Dale ◽  
Michelle Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Intergroup Relations ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Intergroup Contact ◽  
Contact Hypothesis ◽  
Muslim Americans ◽  
Intergroup Anxiety ◽  
Intergroup Interactions

Abstract. Recent extensions to the contact hypothesis reveal that different forms of contact, such as mediated intergroup contact, can reduce intergroup anxiety and improve attitudes toward the outgroup. This study draws on existing research to further consider the role of identification with an ingroup character within a narrative depicting intergroup contact between Muslim and non-Muslim Americans. Results reveal that identification with the non-Muslim (ingroup) model facilitated liking the Muslim (outgroup) model, which reduced prejudice toward Muslims more generally. Identification with the ingroup model also increased conversational self-efficacy and reduced anxiety about future intergroup interactions – both important aspects of improving intergroup relations.

Mutuality in Acculturation

2013 ◽  
Vol 221 (4) ◽  
pp. 205-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Horenczyk ◽  
Inga Jasinskaja-Lahti ◽  
David L. Sam ◽  
Paul Vedder
Keyword(s):  
Intergroup Relations ◽  
Extended Model ◽  
Psychological Study ◽  
Intergroup Interactions ◽  
Mutual Contact ◽  
Acculturation Model ◽  
Plural Societies ◽  
Perceptions And Expectations

This paper focuses on processes and consequences of intergroup interactions in plural societies, focusing primarily on majority-minority mutuality in acculturation orientations. We examine commonalities and differences among conceptualizations and models addressing issues of mutuality. Our review includes the mutual acculturation model ( Berry, 1997 ), the Interactive Acculturation Model (IAM – Bourhis et al., 1997 ), the Concordance Model of Acculturation (CMA – Piontkowski et al., 2002 ); the Relative Acculturation Extended Model (RAEM – Navas et al., 2005 ), and the work on acculturation discrepancies conducted by Horenczyk (1996 , 2000 ). We also describe a trend toward convergence of acculturation research and the socio-psychological study of intergroup relations addressing issues of mutuality in attitudes, perceptions, and expectations. Our review has the potential to enrich the conceptual and methodological toolbox needed for understanding and investigating acculturation in complex modern societies, where majorities and minorities, immigrants and nationals, are engaged in continuous mutual contact and interaction, affecting each other’s acculturative choices and acculturative expectations.

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