Species Pool Functional Diversity Plays a Hidden Role in Generating β-Diversity

2018 ◽  
Vol 191 (5) ◽  
pp. E159-E170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Patrick ◽  
Bryan L. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Species Pool ◽  
Β Diversity

scholarly journals Functional diversity plays a role in driving β-diversity: Or does it?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Murray-Stoker
Keyword(s):  
Model Selection ◽  
Path Analysis ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Environmental Variation ◽  
Species Pool ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Theory And Modeling

AbstractPatrick and Brown (2018) suggest that functional diversity of the species pool has an important role in generating β-diversity. Using a combination of path analysis and model selection, they ostensibly provide support for this hypothesis; however, they neglected to put theory and modeling into proper ecological and statistical context. Here, I present a re-analysis of their data. I conclude that the drivers of β-diversity are variable, with functional diversity typically having a reduced, if any, role compared to consistently stronger roles played by γ-diversity or environmental variation on structuring β-diversity.

scholarly journals Diversity Patterns of Different Life Forms of Plants along an Elevational Gradient in Crete, Greece

Diversity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Lazarina ◽  
Athanasios Charalampopoulos ◽  
Maria Psaralexi ◽  
Nikos Krigas ◽  
Danai-Eleni Michailidou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Elevational Gradient ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Species Pool ◽  
Diversity Patterns ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Α Diversity

Elevational gradients provide a unique opportunity to explore species responses to changing environmental conditions. Here, we focus on an elevational gradient in Crete, a climate-vulnerable Mediterranean plant biodiversity hotspot and explore the diversity patterns and underlying mechanisms of different plant life forms. We found that the significant differences in life forms’ elevational and environmental ranges are reflected in α- diversity (species richness at local scale), γ-diversity (species richness at regional scale) and β-diversity (variation in species composition). The α- and γ-diversity decreased with elevation, while β-diversity followed a hump-shaped relationship, with the peak varying between life forms. However, β-deviation (deviation from null expectations) varied significantly with elevation but was life formindependent. This suggests that species composition is shaped by the size of the available species pool which depends on life form, but also by other deterministic or stochastic processes that act in a similar way for different life forms. The strength of these processes varies with elevation, with hotter–drier conditions and increased human activities filtering species composition at lowlands and large-scale processes determining the species pool size overriding local ecological processes at higher elevations.

Species pool and local ecological assembly processes shape the β-diversity of diazotrophs in grassland soils

2021 ◽  
pp. 108338
Author(s):  
Yansu Wang ◽  
Chaonan Li ◽  
Bo Tu ◽  
Yongping Kou ◽  
Xiangzhen Li
Keyword(s):  
Species Pool ◽  
Grassland Soils ◽  
Β Diversity

scholarly journals Effects of Fishing and Regional Species Pool on the Functional Diversity of Fish Communities

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. e44297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo M. Martins ◽  
Francisco Arenas ◽  
Ana I. Neto ◽  
Stuart R. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Fish Communities ◽  
Species Pool ◽  
Regional Species Pool

scholarly journals Profiling the Functional Diversity of Termite Mound Soil Bacteria as Revealed by Shotgun Sequencing

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Jesuorsemwen Enagbonma ◽  
Bukola Rhoda Aremu ◽  
Olubukola Oluranti Babalola
Keyword(s):  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Shotgun Sequencing ◽  
Functional Categories ◽  
Termite Mound ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Commercial Applications ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Profiling the metabolic processes performed by bacteria is vital both for understanding and for manipulating ecosystems for industrial or research purposes. In this study we aim to assess the bacterial functional diversity in termite mound soils with the assumption that significant differences will be observed in the functional diversity of bacteria between the termite mound soils and their surrounding soils and that each environment has a distinguishing metabolic profile. Here, metagenomic DNA extracted from termite mound soils and their corresponding surrounding soils, which are 10 m apart, were sequenced using a shotgun sequencing approach. Our results revealed that the relative abundances of 16 functional categories differed significantly between both habitats. The α diversity analysis indicated no significant difference in bacterial functional categories within the habitats while the β diversity showed that the bacterial functional categories varied significantly between the termite mound soils and the surrounding soil samples. The variations in soil physical and chemical properties existing between the two environments were held accountable for the differences in bacterial functional structure. With the high relative abundance of functional categories with unknown function reported in this study, this could signify the likelihood of getting novel genes from termite mound soils, which are needed for research and commercial applications.

scholarly journals Analyses of the links between species and functional diversity: the effects of methodological choices to assess functional diversity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Céline Houbin ◽  
Lise Bacouillard ◽  
Noemie Baux ◽  
Jean Claude Dauvin ◽  
Nicolas Desroy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
English Channel ◽  
Methodological Choices ◽  
Change Measurement ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Local Diversity ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Response Traits

While coastal ecosystems experience increasing pressures due to human activities and climate change, measurement of functional diversity based on the biological traits analysis (BTA) is increasingly used as a tool to assess ecosystem functioning and its responses to disturbance. A review of more than 80 papers published since 2003 highlights large differences in the methodology used to measure functional diversity, for instance in terms of the number of traits used, ranging from 3 to 25, the identity of the traits, the nature of the raw data (abundance vs. biomass). Using two different datasets on benthic macrofauna in the English Channel (i.e. a time-series of samples collected yearly from 1977 to 2016, and a spatial survey of 72 stations sampled once in 2016), we analysed how some methodological choices affect the measures of functional diversity, its spatial or temporal changes, and the links with species diversity. The local diversity was calculated from different diversity indices while multivariate methods were applied to describe β-diversity. A peculiar attention is given on the effects of two methodological choices: (1) the selection of biomass data rather than more commonly used abundance data, and (2) the differentiation between response traits and effect traits.

scholarly journals Optimal Inventorying and Monitoring of Taxon, Phylogenetic and Functional Diversity

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Cardoso ◽  
José C. Carvalho ◽  
Luis C. Crespo ◽  
Miquel A. Arnedo
Keyword(s):  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Optimization Procedure ◽  
Optimal Combination ◽  
Optimal Monitoring ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
True Diversity ◽  
Sampling Protocols ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Time Required

Abstract1. Inventorying requires comprehensive sampling, while monitoring should build on it and focus on as few components as possible to detect changes in time or space. To sample or acquire information for both purposes can therefore be viewed as different processes, herewith called α-sampling and β-sampling. Biodiversity covers species, their genetic diversity and the way they interact in communities and ecosystems. Quantifying these aspects leads to the need to study taxon (TD), phylogenetic (PD) and functional diversity (FD). Here we propose and test a method for the optimization of sampling protocols to inventorying and monitoring TD, PD and FD for a wide range of taxa.2. We used spiders as a case-study, although the same optimization procedure could be applied to any taxon requiring a combination of sampling methods. Spiders were sampled in multiple sites in the Iberian Peninsula. PD and FD were measured as the sum of the length of branches on a phylogenetic or functional tree. To reach the optimal combination of methods for inventory, we followed an iterative procedure optimizing the accumulation curve of diversity values. Optimal monitoring in space or time required minimizing the difference between sampled and true β-diversity. We used a framework that disentangles species replacement and richness differences contributions to overall β-diversity.3. For α-diversity, the optimal combination of 24 samples for TD, PD and FD allowed sampling more than 50% of real diversity. For β-diversity, the optimal combination of six samples for all measures allowed reaching a bias (difference between sampled and true diversity) below 0.08.4. The widespread use of similar sampling protocols worldwide and regular repetition in time can have a major impact on the scope and usefulness of global monitoring projects. In addition, the comparable sampling of biodiversity in space and/or time allows reusing of data collected for specific purposes, potentiating a synergistic effect among different projects. This makes data useful much beyond their initial plan. We strongly advocate the optimization, standardization and widespread adoption of sampling protocols for all taxa at a global level, for both inventory and monitoring of all levels of biodiversity: taxon, phylogenetic and functional.

scholarly journals Is Phylogeny More Useful than Functional Traits for Assessing Diversity Patterns Under Community Assembly Processes?

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinshi Xu ◽  
Han Dang ◽  
Mao Wang ◽  
Yongfu Chai ◽  
Yaoxin Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Functional Traits ◽  
Community Assembly ◽  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Elevational Gradient ◽  
Functional Trait ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Α Diversity

Phylogenetic and functional diversities and their relationship are important for understanding community assembly, which relates to forest sustainability. Thus, both diversities have been used in ecological studies evaluating community responses to environmental changes. However, it is unclear whether these diversity measures can uncover the actual community assembly processes. Herein, we examined their utility to assess such assembly processes by analyzing similarities in phylogenetic, functional, and taxonomic α- and β-diversities along an elevational gradient. Additionally, we examined the relationships among environment, phylogeny, and functional traits within the community. Based on our results, we evaluated whether phylogenetic or functional diversity could better reveal the actual community assembly processes. We found that taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional α-diversities were correlated with one another. Although the functional α-diversity showed a linear correlation with the elevational gradient, taxonomic and phylogenetic α-diversities showed unimodal patterns. Both phylogenetic and functional β-diversities correlated with taxonomic β-diversity, but there was no significant relationship between the former. Overall, our results evidenced that phylogenetic diversity and taxonomic diversity showed similar patterns, whereas functional diversity showed a relatively independent pattern, which may be due to limitations in the functional trait dimensions used in the present study. Although it is difficult to unravel whether the environment shapes phylogeny or functional traits within a community, phylogenetic diversity is a good proxy for assessing the assembly processes, whereas functional diversity may improve knowledge on the community by maximizing information about the functional trait dimensions.

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