scholarly journals The Italian London of John North: Cultural Contact and Linguistic Encounter in Early Modern England

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Gallagher
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Early Modern England ◽  
The Other ◽  
Personal Networks ◽  
Cultural Contact ◽  
Cultural Encounter ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One

AbstractThis article takes as its subject the remarkable diary kept by a young English gentleman named John North from 1575 to 1579. On his journey home from Italy in 1575–77, North changed the language of his diary from English to Italian. On his return to London, he continued to keep a record of his everyday life in Italian. This article uses North’s diary as a starting point from which to reconstruct the social and sensory worlds of a returned traveler and Italianate gentleman. In doing so, it offers a way of bridging the gap between individual experiences and personal networks on the one hand, and the wider processes of cultural encounter and linguistic contact on the other.

scholarly journals From Prototypical Stimuli to Iconographic Stimuli: The Power of Images in the Study of Social Representations

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-401
Author(s):  
Ida Galli ◽  
Roberto Fasanelli
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Social Representation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Great Power ◽  
Social Object ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
Methods And Techniques ◽  
Interdisciplinary Effort

When we are interested in the image of a social object, we are interested in what individuals have perceived about that object, the ways in which they have interpreted those perceptions, and what they think about that object. Fully agreeing with the idea that the use of iconographic stimuli can enhance the traditional methods and techniques that are used to study any social representation, in this article, two techniques will be presented. The first, the prototypical stimuli technique, was proposed in the second half of the 1980s by Galli and Nigro. The second technique, iconographic stimuli, creatively integrate images and words in a single tool, was designed more recently to study the social representation of culture by Galli, Fasanelli, and Schember. Researches here reviewed clearly shows that the image has the great power to attract to itself the very objects depicted, a power that the word often does not possess. It is images that make people reflect, help them to think about issues concerning the fundamental aspects of everyday life. The work here presented, carried out in first person by the writer, as well as by all the other authors who are concentrating their efforts in this direction, only represents a starting point of reflection. New and more articulated studies will be able to support with heuristic evidence what so far seems to be configured as a suggestive hypothesis, which in any case will require a wider and shared interdisciplinary effort.

scholarly journals Jak możliwa (do pomyślenia) jest dobrowolna niewola? O nowożytnych formach rządzenia, ideologii i spektaklu władzy

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
Mateusz Falkowski
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Historical Evolution ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Etienne De La Boetie ◽  
The One ◽  
Voluntary Servitude

The article is devoted to the famous The Discourse of Voluntary Servitude by Étienne de La Boétie. The author considers the theoretical premises underlying the concept of “voluntary servitude”, juxtaposing them with two modern concepts of will developed by Descartes and Pascal. An important feature of La Boétie’s project is the political and therefore intersubjective – as opposed to the individualistic perspective of Descartes and Pascal – starting point. It is therefore situated against the background of, on the one hand, the historical evolution of early modern states (from feudal monarchies, through so-called Renaissance monarchies up to European absolutisms) and, on the other hand – of the political philosophy of Machiavelli and Hobbes.

Episcopal Tombs in Early Modern England

2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 654-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER SHERLOCK
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Church Of England ◽  
Early Modern England ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The Status ◽  
The One ◽  
The Church

The Reformation simultaneously transformed the identity and role of bishops in the Church of England, and the function of monuments to the dead. This article considers the extent to which tombs of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century bishops represented a set of episcopal ideals distinct from those conveyed by the monuments of earlier bishops on the one hand and contemporary laity and clergy on the other. It argues that in death bishops were increasingly undifferentiated from other groups such as the gentry in the dress, posture, location and inscriptions of their monuments. As a result of the inherent tension between tradition and reform which surrounded both bishops and tombs, episcopal monuments were unsuccessful as a means of enhancing the status or preserving the memory and teachings of their subjects in the wake of the Reformation.

The Problem of ‘Atheism’ in Early Modern England

1985 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 135-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern England ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Real ◽  
Modern Thought ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

To speak of ‘atheism’ in the context of early modern England immediately invites confusion, and it is for this reason that I shall place the word in inverted commas throughout this paper. On the one hand, I intend to deal with what a twentieth-century reader might expect ‘atheism’ to imply, namely overt hostility to religion. On the other, I want to consider at some length the profuse writings on ‘atheism’ that survive from the period: in these, as we shall see, the word if often used to describe a much broader range of phenomena, in a manner typical of a genre which often appears frustratingly heightened and rhetorical. Some might argue that this juxtaposition displays—and will encourage—muddled thought. But, on the contrary, I think that it is precisely from such a combination that we stand to learn most. Not only are we likely to discover how contemporaries experienced and responded to the threat of irreligion in the society of their day. In addition, by re-examining the relationship between the real and the exaggerated in their perceptions of such heterodoxy, we may be able to draw broader conclusions about early modern thought.

scholarly journals Internal and External Structure of Ruthenian Letters in Early Modern Lithuania

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 31-46
Author(s):  
Andrej Ryčkov
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Other ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Social Differences ◽  
External Structure ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One

A thorough analysis of approximately one hundred unpublished and about seventy published letters written by Lithuanian noblemen and the Grand Duke of Lithuania led to a conclusion that there were three distinct types of letters. They represent correspondence between socially unequal as well as equal individuals. The external structure of a letter does not indicate the social differences between the addresser and the addressee. On the one hand, the external structure of a letter did not represent the addressers themselves; first of all, it was relevant for the intermediaries who confirmed the authenticity of the letters, registered the correspondence, and handed in the letters. On the other hand, the format of the seal is not a reliable indicator as well. The Lithuanian nobility, when communicating amongst themselves, sealed their letters with signets, while in correspondences with foreign countries they normally used larger seals. The Salutation (Latin: salutatio) is the element of a letter’s internal structure that is essential for understanding the power and status relation between an addresser and an addressee. Only “partners” of equal status informed each other on their health conditions or asked about each other’s well-being.

Art for Nothing’s Sake

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corey McEleney
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern England ◽  
The Other ◽  
Literary Genre ◽  
Narrative Structures ◽  
The One

Chapter Three initiates a two-chapter sequence on the most hotly contested literary genre in early modern England: romance. It offers close readings of two Elizabethan texts frequently cited for their condemnations of romance: Roger Ascham’s The Scholemaster and Thomas Nashe’s The Unfortunate Traveller. Critics generally take these texts at face value, citing them as unequivocal Protestant diatribes against the pleasures of romance and arguing that Ascham and Nashe project such pleasures onto the dangers of traveling abroad to Italy. The chapter draws on Paul de Man’s theory of irony in order to think about the disjunction between the texts’ didactic statements, on the one hand, and the mode in which those statements are delivered, or undelivered, on the other. In opposition to conventional readings that recuperate such disjunctions, the chapter analyzes how the rhetorical motions and narrative structures of these texts fail to line up with Ascham’s and Nashe’s more explicit condemnations of romance. Specifically, it show how the texts’ errancy and play, in the forms of digression, alliteration, and narrative interruptions, undercut their pedagogical intentions. Rather than simply celebrating such play, however, the chapter points to its high costs for both writers.

Ästhetik des Südens. Ästhetik des Nordens. Anmerkungen zur Klimatheorie der Kunst

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-148
Author(s):  
Konrad Lotter
Keyword(s):  
Life Style ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Reflex Action ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One

Die eigentümliche Verbindung geographischer Begriffe wie »Süden« und »Norden« mit dem philosophischen Begriff der Ästhetik verweist auf die sog. Klimatheorie, die die Autonomie der Kunst bestreitet und ihre Eigenart und Entwicklung durch das Wetter und andere Naturbedingungen erklärt. Zum einen werden die verschiedenen Ansätze dieser Theorie z.Zt. der europäischen Aufklärung dargestellt, die das Klima durch den Körper, die Lebensweise oder die Arbeit des Menschen vermittelt, auf seine geistige Produktion bezieht. Das Hauptanliegen des Aufsatzes ist es, die Entwicklungen der Klimatheorie und ihre Aufhebung in die physiologische Ästhetik Nietzsches, die Stilpsychologie Worringers oder die Ästhetik von Marx, die den ideologischen Überbau als Refl ex der sozialökonomischen Basis begreift, aufzuzeigen. Zum anderen wird die Verdrängung der (klassizistischen) Ästhetik des Südens durch die (romantische) Ästhetik des Nordens analysiert, die sich zunehmend von ihrem Ausgangspunkt entfernt und den Begriff des Klimas durch den der Nation und der Rasse ersetzt.<br><br>The peculiar association of geographical terms like »south« and »north« with the philosophical term of aesthetics refers to the so called climatology, which denies the autonomy of art and explains its characteristics and its development by weather and other natural phenomena. On the one hand, various concepts of the European enlightenment are described, relating climate, mediated through the body, the life style or the work of men, to spiritual production. The main objective of the article is to demonstrate the development of climatology, its integration (Aufhebung) into Nietzsche’s physiological aestetics, into Worringer’s Stilpsychologie (psychology of style) as well as into the aestetics of Marx, who interprets the ideological superstructure as a reflex action of the social and economical basis. On the other hand, the repression of the (classical) aesthetics of the »south« by the (romantic) aestetics of the »north« is analysed. Thus removing itself more and more from its starting point, the »northern aesthetics« substitutes the notion of climate with that of nation and race.

Social reproduction, finance and the gendered dimensions of pawnbroking

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrienne Roberts ◽  
Ghazal Zulfiqar
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Early Modern England ◽  
Household Debt ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Feminist Literature ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship

While the feminist literature on social reproduction is broad and diverse, one area that has remained relatively under-explored relates to the linkages between social reproduction and finance, particularly between social reproduction and household debt. In our contribution to this Special Issue, we seek to document and to analyse the structural linkages between social reproduction and debt, with a specific focus on pawnbroking in early modern England and contemporary Pakistan. We have four main aims in this article. Our first aim is to contribute to feminist theorizing about social reproduction by showing both how the daily and generational reproduction of households has relied upon historically specific forms of credit and how these social relations of credit/debt have been central to the development and reproduction of capitalism in different times and places. Second, we show how particular forms of ‘everyday finance’ are gendered and, specifically, how they are feminized. Our third aim is to elucidate the relationship between pawn loans, which have received almost no attention from feminist or other critical political economists, and the social reproduction of households in England and Pakistan. Fourth, we elucidate some of the gendered implications of the growing incursion of masculinized capitalist finance into new spaces of everyday life.

Catholic and Quaker Attitudes to Work, Rest, and Play in Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century England

2002 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 185-209
Author(s):  
Michael A. Mullett
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern England ◽  
The Other ◽  
Protestant Ethic ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Use Of Time ◽  
Spirit Of Capitalism ◽  
The One

Since its publication in 1904–5, Max Weber’s The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism has provided a paradigm for assessments of the attitudes to the profitable use of time among different branches of Christianity, emphasising the sanctification of work and thrifty care for time allegedly found in pronouncedly Protestant religious groups. This paper tests further assumptions made by Weber and his school by considering attitudes espoused within the two religious groups in early modern England which are often taken to epitomize the stereotypical extremes of Weberian hypotheses: on the one hand the Catholics, on the other the Quakers.

scholarly journals YY. Kryptonimy Jerzego Jankowskiego

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Baron-Milian
Keyword(s):  
Literary History ◽  
Social Function ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Modern City ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
Key Word ◽  
The One

The article is an attempt to interpret the only book published by Jerzy Jankowski, a forerunner of Polish futurism who is often overlooked in literary history related to the beginnings of the avant-garde movement. Tram wpopszek ulicy (Tram crossways on the street), published in 1920, is presented in terms of innovative phenomena in Polish and European poetry. Such a point of view reveals its precursory character, despite its passeism repeatedly diagnosed by critics. The key word and the starting point of the analysis is the first word of the title – tram, whose ambiguity makes it not only a sign of a modern city but also a metaphor of the construction of the entire book and its historical location. Further analysis leads to conclusions that, on the one hand, reveal the complicated meaning of the vitalistic futurist concept of life and, on the other, indicate aporias and tensions between symbolism and avant-garde, originality and repetition, materiality and spirituality, as well as aesthetics and the social function of art. These seem to be a hidden dimension of Jankowski’s work.

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