Forging a Multinational State: State Making in Imperial Austria from the Enlightenment to the First World War. By John Deak. Stanford Studies on Central and Eastern Europe. Edited by Norman Naimark and Larry Wolff.Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2015. Pp. xviii+356. $65.00 (cloth); $65.00 (ebook).

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 469-471
Author(s):  
Gary B. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
First World War ◽  
Stanford University ◽  
World War ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World

Abnormal Times

2019 ◽  
pp. 313-328
Author(s):  
Emily Gioielli
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
State Building ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Political Factions ◽  
Military Occupations ◽  
First World

THE END of the First World War in eastern Europe could hardly be said to have inaugurated a period of peace. Marked by revolutions, counter-revolutions, renewed foreign warfare, and military occupations, the early post-armistice state-building processes were violent affairs, as political factions wrestled for dominance over their political, ethnic, and religious enemies, and armies battled for territory. This extended period of conflict and violence in the region could be described as the ‘long First World War’. The conflicts that shaped it traced their short-term roots to the preceding years of open warfare and the revolutions that occurred in the wake of the defeat of the Central Powers....

Introduction

2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Shaul Stampfer
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Jewish Settlement ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Separate Identity ◽  
First World

This introductory chapter describes the unique aspects of the yeshivas of nineteenth-century Lithuania. These yeshivas represented a major attempt on the part of traditional Jewry to cope with the challenges of modernity. The Jews of nineteenth-century Lithuania thus defined had several distinguishing characteristics. In religious terms, most were traditional, in the sense that they had withstood the innovations of hasidism; in fact, the strength of the opposition to that movement in Lithuania was such that they came collectively to be known as mitnagedim (opponents) — that is, opponents of hasidism. Economically, they were mostly poorer than Jews in other major areas of Jewish settlement, such as Poland or Bukovina, and lived in more crowded conditions. Until 1764, they benefited from self-government under the Va'ad Medinat Lita (Council of the Land of Lithuania). By the beginning of the eighteenth century this body had ceased to function, but the distinction between the Jews of Lithuania and those of the neighbouring regions continued to exist — not least because the Lithuanian Jews spoke a distinctive dialect of Yiddish. These and other factors ensured that they continued to maintain a separate identity among the Jews of eastern Europe until the First World War.

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