scholarly journals The Evolution of Cooperation: Interacting Phenotypes among Social Partners

2017 ◽  
Vol 189 (6) ◽  
pp. 630-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mat Edenbrow ◽  
Bronwyn H. Bleakley ◽  
Safi K. Darden ◽  
Charles R. Tyler ◽  
Indar W. Ramnarine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolution Of Cooperation ◽  
Social Partners ◽  
Interacting Phenotypes

scholarly journals Does kin discrimination promote cooperation?

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 20190742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonçalo S. Faria ◽  
Andy Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Evolution Of Cooperation ◽  
Average Level ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Kin Discrimination ◽  
Social Partners ◽  
The Commons ◽  
Evolutionary Consequences ◽  
The Impact

Genetic relatedness is a key driver of the evolution of cooperation. One mechanism that may ensure social partners are genetically related is kin discrimination, in which individuals are able to distinguish kin from non-kin and adjust their behaviour accordingly. However, the impact of kin discrimination upon the overall level of cooperation remains obscure. Specifically, while kin discrimination allows an individual to help more-related social partners over less-related social partners, it is unclear whether and how the population average level of cooperation that is evolutionarily favoured should differ under kin discrimination versus indiscriminate social behaviour. Here, we perform a general mathematical analysis in order to assess whether, when and in which direction kin discrimination changes the average level of cooperation in an evolving population. We find that kin discrimination may increase, decrease or leave unchanged the average level of cooperation, depending upon whether the optimal level of cooperation is a convex, concave or linear function of genetic relatedness. We develop an extension of the classic ‘tragedy of the commons' model of cooperation in order to provide an illustration of these results. Our analysis provides a method to guide future research on the evolutionary consequences of kin discrimination.

scholarly journals Partner choice in human evolution: The role of cooperation, foraging ability, and culture in Hadza campmate preferences

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristopher M Smith ◽  
Coren Lee Apicella
Keyword(s):  
Partner Choice ◽  
Evolution Of Cooperation ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Social Partners ◽  
Foraging Ability ◽  
Human Social Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

The ability to choose the partners we interact with is thought to have been an important driver in the evolution of human social behavior, and in particular, our propensity to cooperate. Studies showing that humans prefer to interact with cooperative others is often cited as support for partner choice driving the evolution of cooperation. However, these studies are largely drawn from Western samples, where conditions for partner choice to operate may be especially favorable. Here, we investigate qualities associated with being a preferred partner (i.e., campmate) in Hadza hunter-gatherers of Tanzania in 2016 and 2019. A total of 156 Hadza participants from 17 camps ranked their campmates on generosity, foraging ability, and their preference for them as future campmates. In 2016, Hadza preferred more generous people and better hunters as campmates, with evidence suggesting a stronger preference for better hunters; however, the relationship between generosity and being a preferred campmate was greater in 2019 than in 2016, such that the preference for generous people was stronger than the preference for better foragers, suggesting that campmate preferences are changing. These new findings contrast with reports on data from nearly a decade ago, suggesting that the Hadza do not prefer more cooperative campmates. Further, in 2019, there was anecdotal evidence that Hadza with greater exposure to outside cultural institutions (e.g., schooling, having a job, or living in a village) had a stronger preference for generous campmates than those with less exposure. Taken together, the results suggest that preferences for social partners may, in part, be culturally shaped.

scholarly journals Relatedness decreases and reciprocity increases cooperation in Norway rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 285 (1874) ◽  
pp. 20180035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manon K. Schweinfurth ◽  
Michael Taborsky
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Kin Selection ◽  
Evolution Of Cooperation ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Cooperative Interactions ◽  
Social Partners ◽  
Norway Rats

Kin selection and reciprocity are two mechanisms underlying the evolution of cooperation, but the relative importance of kinship and reciprocity for decisions to cooperate are yet unclear for most cases of cooperation. Here, we experimentally tested the relative importance of relatedness and received cooperation for decisions to help a conspecific in wild-type Norway rats ( Rattus norvegicus ). Test rats provided more food to non-kin than to siblings, and they generally donated more food to previously helpful social partners than to those that had refused help. The rats thus applied reciprocal cooperation rules irrespective of relatedness, highlighting the importance of reciprocal help for cooperative interactions among both related and unrelated conspecifics.

Let all social partners in the social support process count: New perspectives on classical theory

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu-Qin Yang ◽  
Robert R. Wright ◽  
Liu-Qin Yang ◽  
Lisa M. Kath ◽  
Michael T. Ford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Classical Theory ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Partners

Social Dialogue Under Globalization in Nigeria: Does Democracy Add Value?

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ifeanyi P. Onyeonoru ◽  
Kehinde Kester
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Work Place ◽  
Consensus Building ◽  
International Labour Organisation ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
Social Dialogue ◽  
Modest Contribution ◽  
Social Partners ◽  
Oil Sector ◽  
The Government

Social dialogue as an aspect of the International Labour Organisation (ILO) is aimed at promoting industrial democracy by encouraging consensus building among social partners in the work place. The significance lies, among others, in minimising conflicts to enable harmonious industrial relations. This study utilized specific case illustrations to examine the inclination of the Nigerian government towards social dialogue in government-labour relations, with particular reference to the Obasanjo era 1999-2007— a period associated with the globalization of democracy. The cases included the minimum wage award 2000, University Autonomy Bill, the price deregulation of the downstream oil sector and the Trade Union Amendment Bill 2004. It was found that the government exhibited a penchant for authoritarianism in spite of the globalization of democracy. This was evident in the incapacity of the Obasanjo government to engage the social partners in social dialogue as indicated by the cases reviewed. The study, however, highlighted the modest contribution to social dialogue made by the wider democratic structure. It was concluded that the government had limited capacity for consensus building, accommodation of opposition and negotiated outcomes in government-labour relations

The Evolution of Interacting Phenotypes: Genetics and Evolution of Social Dominance

2002 ◽  
Vol 160 (6) ◽  
pp. S186
Author(s):  
Moore ◽  
Haynes ◽  
Preziosi ◽  
Moore
Keyword(s):  
Social Dominance ◽  
Interacting Phenotypes

The Major Transitions in Evolution

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Maynard Smith ◽  
Eors Szathmary
Keyword(s):  
Full Range ◽  
Evolution Of Cooperation ◽  
Major Transitions ◽  
Insect Societies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Major Transition ◽  
Life Itself ◽  
History Of ◽  
Emergence Of Cooperation ◽  
Multicellular Organisms

Over the history of life there have been several major changes in the way genetic information is organized and transmitted from one generation to the next. These transitions include the origin of life itself, the first eukaryotic cells, reproduction by sexual means, the appearance of multicellular plants and animals, the emergence of cooperation and of animal societies, and the unique language ability of humans. This ambitious book provides the first unified discussion of the full range of these transitions. The authors highlight the similarities between different transitions--between the union of replicating molecules to form chromosomes and of cells to form multicellular organisms, for example--and show how understanding one transition sheds light on others. They trace a common theme throughout the history of evolution: after a major transition some entities lose the ability to replicate independently, becoming able to reproduce only as part of a larger whole. The authors investigate this pattern and why selection between entities at a lower level does not disrupt selection at more complex levels. Their explanation encompasses a compelling theory of the evolution of cooperation at all levels of complexity. Engagingly written and filled with numerous illustrations, this book can be read with enjoyment by anyone with an undergraduate training in biology. It is ideal for advanced discussion groups on evolution and includes accessible discussions of a wide range of topics, from molecular biology and linguistics to insect societies.

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