Individual Differences in the Phenotypic Flexibility of Basal Metabolic Rate in Siberian Hamsters Are Consistent on Short- and Long-Term Timescales

2017 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan S. Boratyński ◽  
Małgorzata Jefimow ◽  
Michał S. Wojciechowski
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Basal Metabolic Rate ◽  
Phenotypic Flexibility ◽  
Siberian Hamsters ◽  
Short And Long Term

scholarly journals Incubation temperature and physiological aging in the zebra finch

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0260037
Author(s):  
Henrik H. Berntsen ◽  
Claus Bech
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Basal Metabolic Rate ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Body Growth ◽  
Optimal Incubation

In birds, incubation temperature has received increased attention as an important source of phenotypic variability in offspring. A lower than optimal incubation temperature may negatively affect aspects of nestling physiology, such as body growth and energy metabolism. However, the long-term effects of sub-optimal incubation temperature on morphology and physiology are not well understood. In a previous study, we showed that zebra finches from eggs incubated at a low temperature (35.9°C) for 2/3 of the total incubation time suffered a lower post-fledging survival compared to individuals that had been incubated at higher temperatures (37.0 and 37.9°C). In the present study, we investigated whether these variations in incubation temperature could cause permanent long-lasting differences in body mass, body size, or basal metabolic rate. Furthermore, we tested whether the observed differences in survival between treatment groups would be reflected in the rate of physiological deterioration, assessed through oxidative damage and decreased metabolic rate with age (i.e. ‘metabolic aging’). Incubation temperature did not significantly affect embryonic or nestling body growth and did not influence final adult body mass or body size. Nor was there any long-term effect on basal metabolic rate. Birds from eggs incubated at the lowest temperature experienced an accumulation of oxidative damage with age, although this was not accompanied by an accelerated rate of metabolic aging. The present results suggest that the low survival in these birds was possibly mediated by increased oxidative stress, but independent of body growth and the basal metabolic rate.

scholarly journals Hypoxia during incubation does not affect aerobic performance or haematology of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) when re-exposed in later life

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew T Wood ◽  
Sarah J Andrewartha ◽  
Nicholas G Elliott ◽  
Peter B Frappell ◽  
Timothy D Clark
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Hypoxia Tolerance ◽  
Aerobic Performance ◽  
Hypoxia Exposure ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Fish Performance

Abstract Hypoxia in aquatic ecosystems is becoming increasingly prevalent, potentially reducing fish performance and survival by limiting the oxygen available for aerobic activities. Hypoxia is a challenge for conserving and managing fish populations and demands a better understanding of the short- and long-term impacts of hypoxic environments on fish performance. Fish acclimate to hypoxia via a variety of short- and long-term physiological modifications in an attempt to maintain aerobic performance. In particular, hypoxia exposure during early development may result in enduring cardio-respiratory modifications that affect future hypoxia acclimation capacity, yet this possibility remains poorly investigated. We incubated Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in normoxia (~100% dissolved oxygen [DO, as percent air saturation]), moderate hypoxia (~63% DO) or cyclical hypoxia (100–25% DO daily) from fertilization until 113 days post-fertilization prior to rearing all groups in normoxia for a further 8 months. At ~11 months of age, subsets of each group were acclimated to hypoxia (50% DO) for up to 44 days prior to haematology, aerobic metabolic rate and hypoxia tolerance measurements. Hypoxia exposure during incubation (fertilization to 113 days post-fertilization) did not affect the haematology, aerobic performance or hypoxia tolerance of juvenile salmon in later life. Juveniles acclimated to hypoxia increased maximum aerobic metabolic rate and aerobic scope by ~23 and ~52%, respectively, when measured at 50% DO but not at 100% DO. Hypoxia-incubated juveniles also increased haematocrit and haemoglobin concentration but did not affect acute hypoxia tolerance (critical oxygen level and DO at LOE). Thus, while Atlantic salmon possess a considerable capacity to physiologically acclimate to hypoxia by improving aerobic performance in low oxygen conditions, we found no evidence that this capacity is influenced by early-life hypoxia exposure.

Aging and Loneliness

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 187-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise C. Hawkley ◽  
John T. Cacioppo
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
And Coping

Levels of loneliness are relatively stable across most of adult life, but correlates of loneliness show age differences. We review evidence of age differences in associations between loneliness and individual differences in health behaviors, stress exposure, physiological stress responses, appraisal and coping, and restorative processes. The effects of each of these pathways endow loneliness with the capacity to accelerate the rate of physiological decline with age. Additional research across the lifespan is required to understand the nature of accrued loneliness effects on health behavior and physiology in the short and long term.

scholarly journals Long-term repeatability of winter basal metabolic rate and mass in a wild passerine

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 768-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juli Broggi ◽  
Esa Hohtola ◽  
Kari Koivula ◽  
Markku Orell ◽  
Jan-��ke Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Basal Metabolic Rate
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