scholarly journals Differential Survival between Visual Environments Supports a Role of Divergent Sensory Drive in Cichlid Fish Speciation

2017 ◽  
Vol 189 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martine E. Maan ◽  
Ole Seehausen ◽  
Ton G. G. Groothuis
Keyword(s):  
Cichlid Fish ◽  
Sensory Drive ◽  
Differential Survival

scholarly journals Presence of same-sex kin promotes explorative behavior in subadult cichlid fish

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 731-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Vitt ◽  
Iris Madge Pimentel ◽  
Timo Thünken
Keyword(s):  
Kin Recognition ◽  
Cichlid Fish ◽  
West African ◽  
Kin Discrimination ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Kin Competition ◽  
Pelvicachromis Taeniatus ◽  
Indirect Fitness ◽  
Males And Females

Abstract While the importance of kin discrimination, that is, kin recognition and subsequent differential treatment of kin and nonkin, is well established for kin-directed cooperation or altruism, the role of kin discrimination in the context of kin competition and kin avoidance is largely unexplored. Theory predicts that individuals avoiding competition with kin should be favored by natural selection due to indirect fitness benefits. Using an experimental approach, we investigated whether the presence of same-sex kin affects avoidance and explorative behavior in subadult Pelvicachromis taeniatus, a West African cichlid fish with strong intrasexual competition in both sexes. Pelvicachromis taeniatus is capable of recognizing kin using phenotype matching and shows kin discrimination in diverse contexts. When exposed to a same-sex conspecific, both males and females tended to interact less with the related opponent. Moreover, individuals explored a novel environment faster after exposure to kin than to nonkin. This effect was more pronounced in females. Individuals avoiding the proximity of same-sex relatives may reduce kin competition over resources such as mating partners or food.

scholarly journals The role of rare morph advantage and conspicuousness in the stable gold-dark colour polymorphism of a crater lake Midas cichlid fish

2017 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 1044-1053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julián Torres-Dowdall ◽  
Jimena Golcher-Benavides ◽  
Gonzalo Machado-Schiaffino ◽  
Axel Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Crater Lake ◽  
Cichlid Fish ◽  
Colour Polymorphism ◽  
Dark Colour

scholarly journals Control of testes mass by androgen receptor paralogs in a cichlid

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew P. Hoadley ◽  
Russell D. Fernald ◽  
Beau A. Alward
Keyword(s):  
Cichlid Fish ◽  
Teleost Fishes ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Regulatory Pathway ◽  
Physiological Plasticity ◽  
Exact Role ◽  
Astatotilapia Burtoni ◽  
Testes Size ◽  
Functional Receptor

AbstractSteroid hormones play numerous important and diverse roles in the differentiation and development of vertebrate primary and secondary reproductive characteristics. However, the exact role of androgen receptors (ARs)—which bind circulating androgens—in this regulatory pathway is unclear. Teleost fishes further complicate this question by having two paralogs of AR (ARα and ARβ) resulting from a duplication of their ancestral genome. We investigated the functional role of these two ARs on testes growth and development by experimentally eliminating receptor function of one or both paralogs using CRISPR/Cas9 genome edited Astatotilapia burtoni, an African cichlid fish. Fish with two or more functional receptor alleles were more likely to be male compared to fish with one or fewer, suggesting that the two paralogs of the receptor may be redundant in regulating early sex determination. In contrast, we found that adult testes size was significantly affected by distinct combinations of mutant and wild-type AR alleles. We present a working model whereby ARβ facilitates testes growth and ARα causes testes regression. This mechanism may contribute to the robust social and physiological plasticity displayed by A. burtoni and other social teleost fish.

scholarly journals Modular genetic control of social status in a cichlid fish

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beau A. Alward ◽  
Vibhav Laud ◽  
Christopher J. Skalnik ◽  
Ryan A. York ◽  
Scott Juntti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Gene Editing ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Cichlid Fish ◽  
Social Hierarchies ◽  
African Cichlid ◽  
Astatotilapia Burtoni ◽  
And Behavior

AbstractSocial hierarchies are ubiquitous in social species and profoundly influence physiology and behavior. Androgens like testosterone have been strongly linked to social status, yet the molecular mechanisms regulating social status are not known. The African cichlid fish Astatotilapia burtoni is a powerful model species for elucidating the role of androgens in social status given their rich social hierarchy and genetic tractability. Dominant A. burtoni males possess large testes, bright coloration, and perform aggressive and reproductive behaviors while non-dominant males do not. Social status in A. burtoni is in flux, however, as males alter their status depending on the social environment. Due to a teleost-specific whole-genome duplication, A. burtoni possess two androgen receptor (AR) paralogs, ARα and ARβ, providing a unique opportunity to disentangle the role of gene duplication in the evolution of social systems. Here, we used CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to generate AR mutant A. burtoni and performed a suite of experiments to interrogate the mechanistic basis of social dominance. We find that ARβ, but not ARα, is required for testes growth and bright coloration, while ARα, but not ARβ, is required for the performance of reproductive behavior and aggressive displays. Both receptors are required to reduce flees from females and either AR is sufficient for attacking males. Thus, social status in A. burtoni is inordinately dissociable and under the modular control of two AR paralogs. This type of non-redundancy may be important in facilitating social plasticity in A. burtoni and other species whose social status relies on social experience.Significance StatementSocial rank along a hierarchy determines physiological state and behavioral performance. A ubiquitous feature of social hierarchies is the communication of rank through non-physical signaling systems (e.g., coloration) and aggression, traits that correlate with the reproductive status of an individual. Despite the links identified between social status, physiology, and behavior, the molecular basis of social status is not known. Here, we genetically dissect social status in the African cichlid fish Astatotilapia burtoni using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. We show that two distinct androgen receptor (AR) genes control social status in a highly modular manner. This type of coordination of social status may be fundamental across species that rely on social information to optimally guide physiology and behavior.

scholarly journals The role of sensory drive in floral evolution

2020 ◽  
Vol 227 (4) ◽  
pp. 1012-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew H. Koski
Keyword(s):  
Floral Evolution ◽  
Sensory Drive

Differential Survival Impact of Diabetes Mellitus on Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Role of Staging Determinants

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (11) ◽  
pp. 3389-3402
Author(s):  
Shu-Yein Ho ◽  
Mei-Hsia Yuan ◽  
Chu-Chieh Chen ◽  
Po-Hong Liu ◽  
Chia-Yang Hsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Differential Survival

Role of differential survival in a model of species–area curve

2002 ◽  
Vol 147 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgitte Freiesleben De Blasio ◽  
Fabio Vittorio De Blasio
Keyword(s):  
Differential Survival ◽  
Species Area
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