Integrating models to predict distribution of the invertebrate host of myxosporean parasites

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 1263-1275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie D. Alexander ◽  
Jerri L. Bartholomew ◽  
Katrina A. Wright ◽  
Nicholas A. Som ◽  
Nicholas J. Hetrick
Keyword(s):  
Invertebrate Host

scholarly journals The epidemiological consequences of immune priming

2012 ◽  
Vol 279 (1746) ◽  
pp. 4505-4512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah J. Tidbury ◽  
Alex Best ◽  
Mike Boots
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Population Stability ◽  
Invertebrate Immunity ◽  
Invertebrate Host ◽  
Immune Priming ◽  
Pathogen Persistence ◽  
Full Immunity

Exposure to low doses of pathogens that do not result in the host becoming infectious may ‘prime’ the immune response and increase protection to subsequent challenge. There is increasing evidence that such immune priming is a widespread and important feature of invertebrate host–pathogen interactions. Immune priming clearly has implications for individual hosts but will also have population-level implications. We present a susceptible–primed–infectious model—in contrast to the classic susceptible–infectious–recovered framework—to investigate the impacts of immune priming on pathogen persistence and population stability. We describe impacts of immune priming on the epidemiology of the disease in both constant and seasonal environments. A key result is that immune priming may act to destabilize population dynamics. In particular, when the proportion of individuals becoming primed rather than infected is high, but this priming does not confer full immunity, the population may be strongly destabilized through the generation of limit cycles. We discuss the implications of our model both in the context of invertebrate immunity and more widely.

scholarly journals Bacteria Associated with Marine Benthic Invertebrates from Polar Environments: Unexplored Frontiers for Biodiscovery?

Diversity ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelina Lo Giudice ◽  
Carmen Rizzo
Keyword(s):  
Benthic Invertebrates ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Invertebrate Host ◽  
Cold Adapted ◽  
Marine Areas ◽  
Marine Benthic Invertebrates ◽  
Symbiotic Community

The ecological function of bacteria-invertebrate interactions in Polar areas remains poorly understood, despite increasing evidence that microbial metabolites may play pivotal roles in host-associated chemical defense and in shaping the symbiotic community structure. The metabolic and physiological changes that these organisms undergo in response to adapting to extreme conditions result in the production of structurally and functionally novel biologically active molecules. Deepening our knowledge on the interactions between bacteria and their invertebrate host would be highly helpful in providing the rationale for why (e.g., competition or cooperative purpose) and which (whether secondary metabolites, enzymes, or proteins) bioactive compounds are produced. To date, cold-adapted bacteria associated with marine invertebrates from the Arctic and Antarctica have not been given the attention they deserve and the versatility of their natural products remains virtually unexplored, even if they could represent a new attractive frontier in the search for novel natural compounds. This review is aimed at showcasing the diversity of cold-adapted bacteria associated with benthic invertebrates from Polar marine areas, highlighting the yet unexplored treasure they represent for biodiscovery.

scholarly journals New species and host associations of commensal leucothoid amphipods from coral reefs in Florida and Belize (Crustacea:Amphipoda)

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1494 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES DARWIN THOMAS ◽  
KRISTINE N. KLEBBA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Amphipod Species ◽  
Bivalve Mollusks ◽  
Invertebrate Host ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Extensive Field ◽  
The Family ◽  
Collecting Techniques ◽  
Comparison Of Ultrastructure

Six new amphipod species in the genus Leucothoe from the tropical western Atlantic Ocean are described and illustrated. Extensive field collecting and specialized underwater collecting techniques have documented 43 new invertebrate host records for these new taxa. Four of these new species inhabit interior canals of sponges; Leucothoe barana n.sp., Leucothoe garifunae n.sp., Leucothoe saron n.sp., and Leucothoe ubouhu n.sp. A remarkable new species, Leucothoe flammosa n.sp., nestles in the gills of seven species of bivalve mollusks. A single species, Leucothoe wuriti n.sp., appears restricted to the branchial chamber of two species of solitary ascidians. Detailed illustrations and scanning electron microscopy enables comparison of ultrastructure details. More precise taxonomic character morphologies are also presented thus allowing improved taxonomic precision within the family Leucothoidae.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional visualisation of developmental stages of an apicomplexan fish blood parasite in its invertebrate host

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Polly M Hayes ◽  
David F Wertheim ◽  
Nico J Smit ◽  
Alan M Seddon ◽  
Angela J Davies
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Blood Parasite ◽  
Invertebrate Host ◽  
Fish Blood

Peptidases and gp63-like proteins in Herpetomonas megaseliae: Possible involvement in the adhesion to the invertebrate host

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana C. Nogueira de Melo ◽  
Claudia M. d'Avila-Levy ◽  
Felipe A. Dias ◽  
Jorge Luís A. Armada ◽  
Heriberto D. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invertebrate Host

Leishmania in phlebotomid sandflies. II. The insusceptibility of sandfly larvae to Leishmania

1975 ◽  
Vol 188 (1091) ◽  
pp. 229-231 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Related Genus ◽  
Leishmania Mexicana ◽  
Invertebrate Host ◽  
Infected Female

The susceptibility of fourth instar larvae of Lutzomyia flaviscutellata to Leishmania mexicana amazonensis was investigated by feeding them infected female sandflies or cultured promastigotes. Neither larvae nor adult flies reared from the larvae became infected. It is suggested that during evolution Leishmania has lost the ability, retained by the related genus Leptomonas , to be transmitted in nature from one invertebrate host to another.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF HERPETOMONADS AND LEISHMANIAS

1926 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideyo Noguchi
Keyword(s):  
Close Relation ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Oncopeltus Fasciatus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Asclepias Syriaca ◽  
Invertebrate Host ◽  
Group Reaction ◽  
Carbohydrate Fermentation ◽  
Leishmania Parasites ◽  
Serological Specificity

Serological reactions and fermentation tests have been employed in the present investigation as a means of differentiating various strains of herpetomonads from one another as well as from leishmanias. The twelve strains of herpetomonads isolated from insects and plants all proved to be serologically unrelated to any of the leishmanias, and were distinguishable from them by the manner in which they affected various carbohydrates. Three of the strains of herpetomonads tested had been isolated from milkweeds (Asclepias syriaca and A. niveaAsclepias syriaca and A. nivea) and four from bugs which feed on the latices of these plants (Asclepias syriaca and A. nivea) and four from bugs which feed on the latices of these plants (Oncopeltus fasciatus, Oncopeltus sp.? from Peru, and from Peru, and Lygæus kalmii). When tested for their serological and carbohydrate-fermenting properties, however, the seven strains proved to be of two kinds only, one represented by the strain first isolated from ). When tested for their serological and carbohydrate-fermenting properties, however, the seven strains proved to be of two kinds only, one represented by the strain first isolated from Oncopeltus fasciatus and hence named and hence named H. oncofelti, the other by , the other by H. lygæorum, so named because it was first isolated from Lygæus kalmii. Serologically there was a certain degree of group reaction among the flagellates of these two types, but in their action upon carbohydrates they were entirely different, . Serologically there was a certain degree of group reaction among the flagellates of these two types, but in their action upon carbohydrates they were entirely different, H. oncopelti splitting thirteen carbohydrates, H. lygæorum only three. Three strains of herpetomonads isolated from flies proved to be distinct both in serological properties and in their action upon carbohydrates. One, derived from the house fly, and called H. muscidarum, was able to ferment most of the carbohydrates tested, including lactose which was not affected by any of the other strains. The other two, isolated from bluebottle flies, behaved much the same as the leishmanias with regard to carbohydrate fermentation, attacking five of the same sugars. One of them fermented galactose in addition, the other both galactose and inulin. Two strains from mosquitoes (Anopheles and Culex) behaved identically in serological reactions and also in fermentation tests. They are regarded as one species and have been named H. culicidarum. This organism ferments thirteen sugars, including amygdalin which no other organism of the series attacks. One of the most striking phenomena observed was the entire lack of fermentative faculty on the part of Herpetomonas ctenocephali and Trypanosoma rotatorium. Neither of these organisms was affected by any of the immune sera prepared with other flagellates. The serological specificity of Leishmania tropica, L. brasiliensis, and L. donovani, and the close relation between L. donovani and L. infantum were confirmed in the present study. These organisms could not, however, be differentiated by fermentation tests. The data presented suggest that the biological characteristics of flagellates of the Herpetomonas group may be utilized with advantage for identification of a species which occurs in different environments and for separation of different species when they are found in the same environment. If the leishmania parasites pass the flagellated or herpetomonad stage of their life history in some invertebrate host, it may be possible by tests of the sort described to distinguish them from the non-pathogenic herpetomonads which are so widely distributed among insects and plants.

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