Functional Traits, Flocking Propensity, and Perceived Predation Risk in an Amazonian Understory Bird Community

2016 ◽  
Vol 187 (5) ◽  
pp. 607-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ari E. Martínez ◽  
Juan P. Gomez ◽  
José Miguel Ponciano ◽  
Scott K. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Functional Traits ◽  
Bird Community ◽  
Perceived Predation Risk

scholarly journals Too risky to settle: avian community structure changes in response to perceived predation risk on adults and offspring

2013 ◽  
Vol 280 (1764) ◽  
pp. 20130762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangyuan Hua ◽  
Robert J. Fletcher ◽  
Kathryn E. Sieving ◽  
Robert M. Dorazio
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Predation Risk ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Life History Theory ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
Bird Community ◽  
Breeding Bird ◽  
Potential Force ◽  
Perceived Predation Risk

Predation risk is widely hypothesized as an important force structuring communities, but this potential force is rarely tested experimentally, particularly in terrestrial vertebrate communities. How animals respond to predation risk is generally considered predictable from species life-history and natural-history traits, but rigorous tests of these predictions remain scarce. We report on a large-scale playback experiment with a forest bird community that addresses two questions: (i) does perceived predation risk shape the richness and composition of a breeding bird community? And (ii) can species life-history and natural-history traits predict prey community responses to different types of predation risk? On 9 ha plots, we manipulated cues of three avian predators that preferentially prey on either adult birds or offspring, or both, throughout the breeding season. We found that increased perception of predation risk led to generally negative responses in the abundance, occurrence and/or detection probability of most prey species, which in turn reduced the species richness and shifted the composition of the breeding bird community. Species-level responses were largely predicted from the key natural-history trait of body size, but we did not find support for the life-history theory prediction of the relationship between species' slow/fast life-history strategy and their response to predation risk.

Perceived predation risk, parasitism, and the foraging behavior of a freshwater snail (Potamopyrgus antipodarum)

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (10) ◽  
pp. 1878-1884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward P Levri
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Freshwater Snail ◽  
Potamopyrgus Antipodarum ◽  
Plain Water ◽  
Fish Diet ◽  
Fish Predator ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Individual Size ◽  
Perceived Predation Risk

Foraging behavior can be influenced by such factors as predation risk, individual size, and parasite infection. Snails (Potamopyrgus antipodarum) placed in tanks with large rocks were exposed to four types of water: (1) water with crushed snails, (2) water from a tank in which fish (Gobiomorphus cotidianus) were fed only trout chow, (3) water from a tank where the fish were also fed snails, and (4) plain water. Snails could respond by moving to the top of rocks (where algal food was present) or to the bottom of rocks (where the predation risk was lower). The snails responded to fish chemicals by moving to the bottom of rocks. The response was dependent on snail size and fish diet. Smaller snails moved to the bottom of rocks more than larger snails did. Trematode-infected snails were found on top of the rocks more than other classes of snails, but infected snails still moved to the bottom of rocks in response to the fish predator. Snails eaten by fish in the field tend to be smaller than snails in the overall available population. Thus, snails that are more vulnerable to predation respond more intensely to the odor of fish by moving to the bottom of rocks. This size-dependent response to fish appears to be independent of the occurrence of trematode infection.

scholarly journals Experimental manipulation of perceived predation risk and cortisol generates contrasting trait trajectories in plastic crucian carp

2020 ◽  
Vol 223 (4) ◽  
pp. jeb213611
Author(s):  
Jerker Vinterstare ◽  
Kaj Hulthén ◽  
P. Anders Nilsson ◽  
Helen Nilsson Sköld ◽  
Christer Brönmark
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Crucian Carp ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Perceived Predation Risk

scholarly journals Impact of continuous predator threat on telomere dynamics in parent and nestling pied flycatchers

Oecologia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 191 (4) ◽  
pp. 757-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiia Kärkkäinen ◽  
Pauliina Teerikorpi ◽  
Bineet Panda ◽  
Samuli Helle ◽  
Antoine Stier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Telomere Maintenance ◽  
Stress Hormone ◽  
Ageing Rate ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Perceived Predation Risk ◽  
Telomere Dynamics ◽  
Predator Threat

Abstract In addition to direct mortality, predators can have indirect effects on prey populations by affecting prey behaviour or physiology. For example, predator presence can increase stress hormone levels, which can have physiological costs. Stress exposure accelerates the shortening of telomeres (i.e. the protective caps of chromosomes) and shorter telomeres have been linked to increased mortality risk. However, the effect of perceived predation risk on telomeres is not known. We investigated the effects of continuous predator threat (nesting Eurasian pygmy owl Glaucidium passerinum) on telomere dynamics of both adult and partially cross-fostered nestling pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca) in the wild. Females nesting at owl-inhabited sites showed impaired telomere maintenance between incubation and chick rearing compared to controls, and both males and females ended up with shorter telomeres at owl-inhabited sites in the end of chick rearing. On the contrary, both original and cross-fostered chicks reared in owl sites had consistently longer telomeres during growth than chicks reared at control sites. Thus, predation risk may cause a long-term cost in terms of telomeres for parents but not for their offspring. Predators may therefore affect telomere dynamics of their preys, which could have implications for their ageing rate and consequently for population dynamics.

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