The Expansion of the Child’s Garden: Women’s Education and Kindergarten Enrollment during the Twentieth Century

2016 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-286
Author(s):  
Maryellen Schaub
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Women's Education ◽  
Kindergarten Enrollment

Good women for empire: educating overseas female emigrants in imperial Japan, 1900–45

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 436-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidney Xu Lu
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Women's Education ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Labour Migration ◽  
Japanese Imperialism ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Education Campaigns ◽  
Imperial Japan ◽  
Transnational Space

AbstractThis article examines two tutelage campaigns launched by Japanese social reformers targeting Japanese emigrant women in Manchuria and California in the first two decades of the twentieth century. It reveals how these two middle-class-based social campaigns jointly paved the way for the Japanese state's ‘continental bride’ policy in the late 1930s, which mobilized and exported women from across the nation to Manchuria on an unprecedented scale. Synthesizing the stories of Japan's colonialism in Manchuria and Japanese labour migration to the American Pacific coast, this study traces the convergence and flows between the women's education campaigns in Japanese communities on both sides of the Pacific. It moves the debate of Japanese imperialism beyond Asia and situates it in a transnational space encompassing the local, the national, and the global.

scholarly journals The so-called first Feminists : orthodoxy and innovation in England's Seventeenth-Century discussion of women's education

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Kamille Stone Stanton
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Women's Education ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Querelle Des Femmes ◽  
Mary Astell ◽  
Traditional Print

This essay examines the writings of women’s education advocate Bathsua Makin (1608-1675) in an effort to determine to what extent they were the product of traditional print debates about women and to what extent they were the innovative foundation for the ideas of Mary Astell (1668-1731), whose efforts on behalf of women have been deemed feminist by twentieth-century scholars. Through a close reading of Makin’s treatise, An Essay to Revive the Antient Education of Gentlewomen (1673), a contextualisation of her ideas with the querelle des femmes genre and an examination of both overlapping and distinguishing elements of her work and that of Astell, this essay argues for a reassessment of the importance of Makin’s contribution to the seventeenth-century debate of women’s education.

scholarly journals University women in Salamanca in the first third of the 20th century: quantification and profiles

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 005
Author(s):  
María Luz De Prado Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
University Students ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Women's Education ◽  
Political Dimension ◽  
University Women ◽  
Educational Issue ◽  
The University

In the last decades of the nineteenth century, the educational issue took on a greater political dimension. This general impulse benefited women’s education, fostered by legislation developed since the mid-nineteenth century and the first decades of the twentieth century. The Royal Order of March 8, 1910 facilitated the path opened by its predecessors and was a real revulsive for those women who would like to enter the University. Our research focuses on this context and on how its access to the University of Salamanca occurred in the first third of the 20th century. The analysis of the fundamental sources allows us to quantify the number of students and their distribution by faculties and branches of studies, in addition to demonstrating to what extent the gradual elimination of obstacles, as a consequence of the new legislation, impelled their entrance in this University. The biographical fragments of the most relevant university students show us, as much as possible, their academic and vital trajectory and help us to end their invisibility.

scholarly journals Wahid Jahan, a Reformer's Wife and Partner in Muslim Women's Reform at Aligarh

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-14
Author(s):  
Shadab Bano
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Women's Education ◽  
Role Model ◽  
Reform Movement ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
The Family ◽  
Women's Reform ◽  
Good Wife

As the Muslim women’s question was articulated by men in the ‘reform’ movement (as in other communities), the participation of women was also by their (male) design; many times, women’s reform activities were seen as evidence of their own (male) progress. This paper examines the role of women initiated in the reform movement and the ‘role model’ they were expected to play, especially if educated and wedded to one active in ‘reform.’ The paper takes up the study of Wahid Jahan in reform, wife of Sheikh Abdullah, a pioneer in Muslim women’s education at Aligarh in the early twentieth century. Initiated in reform by her husband, and expected to follow his guidelines in all-important matters like being a ‘good wife’, her life would still be worthwhile to explore if the wife’s commitment and initiatives moved beyond the expectations or dictates of her husband. The paper thus, through biographical writings on Wahid Jahan, seeks to examine the larger question of reform normative and wife’s agency; whether it was possible for a wife as subordinate partner in reform and agent at home, to extend spaces for women both in the family and the school, or to separate herself from her roles.

“What an inauspicious moment it turned out to be when she began to write!”: The Presentation and Position of the South Asian Woman Writer in Colonial Bengal

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-63
Author(s):  
Danielle Hall
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Women's Education ◽  
Marital Relationships ◽  
Woman Writer ◽  
Asian Woman ◽  
South Asian Woman ◽  
The South ◽  
Education Of Women

Abstract This paper addresses the position and culturally loaded presentation of the South Asian woman writer in two colonial Bengali texts. Through a comparative analysis of Rabindranath Tagore’s “Nashtanir” (1901) and Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain’s Sultana’s Dream (1905), it explores the way in which both texts sought to engage with debates surrounding the education of women in the early twentieth century. It argues that the development of Charu’s extra-marital relationship in “Nashtanir,” coupled with Tagore’s representation of her as simple, superficial, and dangerous, gave weight to the claim that women’s education may contribute to a waning interest in domestic duties and facilitate the capacity to engage in extra-marital relationships. However, the analysis of Sultana’s Dream alternatively shows that the woman writer in colonial Bengal used her position to protest the barriers to women’s education in this context. By generating a text that invited its readers to engage in wider educational practises, Hossain produced a politically charged appeal which served to challenge misconceptions surrounding women’s education in colonial Bengal.

Muslim Girls’ Education in North India in the Twentieth Century and Beyond

2020 ◽  
pp. 53-95
Author(s):  
Usha Sanyal
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Women's Education ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
North India ◽  
Education History ◽  
British India ◽  
Ideological Differences ◽  
Commission Report ◽  
Muslim Girls

This chapter lays out the historical background of Muslim women’s education in British India and post-Independence India, including statistical data on UP education history and the Sachar Commission Report. The chapter then explores girls’ madrasa education, in north India specifically, with a focus on a Rampur madrasa (of Jama‘at-i Islami affiliation) for girls and compares this madrasa with the Tablighi madrasa for girls studied by Winkelmann. The chapter ends with an Appendix that lays out the syllabi of the two madrasas examined in the chapter, in order to highlight their ideological differences. This shows us how much the second madrasa has in common with the Barelwi madrasa portrayed in this book, despite differences in their denominational (maslaki) identities.

scholarly journals Governesses

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
Kate Matthew
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Women's Education ◽  
Social Position

Working as a governess was one of the few respectable occupations for middle-class women in the nineteenth century, but governesses were placed in a difficult social position, living with the families they worked for, but not being regarded as on the same level. The women who came to Sydney as governesses were the main providers of education for girls, and their roles and attainments changed as attitudes to women's education altered over the century. By the early decades of the twentieth century there were few governesses left in Sydney.

'Modernising Conservatism' in Early Twentieth-Century China: the Discourse and Practice of Women's Education

2004 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Public Education ◽  
Women's Education ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Educational Opportunities ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Family Harmony ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract This paper focuses on a pervasive strand of thinking on women's public education during the last years of the Qing and early years of the Republic which sought to reconfigure traditional virtues and skills in the cause of family harmony, social order and national prosperity. A study of this 'modernising conservative' discourse on women's education and its critique of the behaviour and attitudes of female students also provides an insight into how female students themselves responded to the new educational opportunities available to them.

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