scholarly journals An Overlooked Consequence of Dietary Mixing: A Varied Diet Reduces Interindividual Variance in Fitness

2015 ◽  
Vol 186 (5) ◽  
pp. 649-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alistair M. Senior ◽  
Shinichi Nakagawa ◽  
Mathieu Lihoreau ◽  
Stephen J. Simpson ◽  
David Raubenheimer
Keyword(s):  
Varied Diet ◽  
Dietary Mixing

Nutrition For Healthy Infants And Toddlers

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Collier ◽  
Jenny Kinne
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Food Allergies ◽  
Adequate Nutrition ◽  
Key Words Breast ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
Varied Diet ◽  
Feeding Skills ◽  
Potential Food

Feeding and eating are essential to life. As the infant grows into a toddler, the child goes through transitions with feeding, starting with breast milk or formula, transitioning to complementary feeding between the ages of 4 and 6 months, and then advancing to table foods. It is important to provide adequate nutrition to meet the growing needs of the child from a macronutrient and micronutrient standpoint through infancy to childhood. Throughout this time, anthropometric measurements are obtained to assess proper growth. Feeding is a dynamic part of a child’s life that varies at each stage of childhood, which comes with challenges such as avoiding choking hazards, preventing potential food allergies, providing a varied diet to meet macronutrient and micronutrient needs, and supporting advancement in textures for appropriate development of feeding skills and avoiding issues with picky eating. Providing proper nutrition from quality, quantity, and texture standpoints at each stage of childhood is essential to ensure adequate nutrition to promote healthy and expected growth and development.   This review contains 4 figures, 10 tables and 43 references Key words: breast milk, complementary feeding, food, food safety, formula, growth, infant, micronutrients, neophobia, nutrition, oral health, physical activity, toddler

scholarly journals An Outbreak of Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Disease in Western Afghanistan Associated with Exposure to Wheat Flour Contaminated with Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faizullah Kakar ◽  
Zarif Akbarian ◽  
Toby Leslie ◽  
Mir Lais Mustafa ◽  
John Watson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids ◽  
Direct Analysis ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Occlusive Disease ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Varied Diet ◽  
Community Controls ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Control

Pyrrolizidine alakloids (PAs) are known to cause hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD). Outbreaks have occurred in Western Afghanistan since 1974, the latest in February 2008. We conducted an outbreak investigation using a case-control design. Sixty-seven cases of VOD were compared with 199 community controls. Consumption of bread was strongly associated with disease (adjusted odds ratio: 35.8 [95%CI: 7.6–168.2]). Toxic doses of PA were found in plant extracts and in samples of wheat flour taken from the study area. Compared to wheat flour there was 1000 times less PA in milk and whey and in water samples the PA content was zero. Although direct analysis was not possible, contaminated wheat flour used to make bread was the likely source of PA causing the outbreak. Eating a more varied diet including meat and fruit may be protective. Prevention and control measures will rely on community awareness and agricultural interventions to ensure safety of the food supply.

scholarly journals Serological and molecular survey of Leptospira spp. infections in wild boars and red foxes from Southeastern France

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 825-828
Author(s):  
Cédric Roquelo ◽  
Angeli Kodjo ◽  
Jean-Lou Marié ◽  
Bernard Davoust
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Predatory Behavior ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Disease Information ◽  
Leptospira Spp ◽  
Varied Diet ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Background and Aim: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease. Information on the recent prevalence of Leptospira in hunted wild animals is limited, particularly in southeastern France. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to assess the prevalence and diversity of Leptospira spp. among wild boars (Sus scrofa) and red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from two military camps in Southeastern France. Materials and Methods: Serological analyses were performed using microscopic agglutination tests and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were used to demonstrate Leptospira spp. infection from boar kidney DNA extracts. Results: According to the species, the positive sera were obtained from 18% of 358 boars and 6 % of 64 foxes tested. The prevalence rate is significantly higher (p=0.02) in boars than in foxes. In wild boar, Australis represents the most recorded serogroup (15.9%), followed by Sejroe (2.8%) and icterohaemorhagiae (2.8%). In red fox, icterohaemorhagiae represents the most recorded serogroup (6.25%), followed by Sejroe (1.57%) and Hebdomadis (1.57%). PCR-based detection of Leptospira DNA was positive in 6/62 (9.6%) of the wild boars tested. Conclusion: The results of this study confirmed the importance of wild boar in the epidemiology of leptospirosis among wildlife in Southeastern France. Due to their predatory behavior and their varied diet, mainly composed of small mammals, red foxes could be considered sentinel animals of environmental contamination with leptospires.

scholarly journals Eastern Coyotes (Canis latrans var.) consuming large ungulates in a multi-ungulate system

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
Juliana Balluffi-Fry ◽  
Liane B. Nowell ◽  
Murray M. Humphries
Keyword(s):  
Prey Species ◽  
Canis Latrans ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Castor Canadensis ◽  
Generalist Predators ◽  
Generalist Predator ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Game Reserve ◽  
Varied Diet ◽  
American Beaver

The feeding habits of generalist predators often vary among populations and regions. For example, Coyote (Canis latrans), which is a generalist predator distributed across North America, occupies a wide range of habitats and has a highly varied diet. In this observational study, we quantified the presence of mammalian prey items in 50 Eastern Coyote (Canis latrans var.) scats collected in late spring and summer in a private game reserve in southwestern Quebec. Nearly all scats contained hair of White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus; 44%), Moose (Alces americanus; 38%), or American Beaver (Castor canadensis; 38%). Although all three species are known to be consumed by coyotes, such a high proportion of Moose and White-tailed Deer simultaneously occurring in the diet of coyotes has not been previously reported. The uniqueness of the study area, with its relatively high abundance of all three prey species, may account for the uniqueness of the diet of Eastern Coyotes living there.

Biology and Management of Dogfish Sharks

2009 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Isotopic Signatures ◽  
Ecological Changes ◽  
Varied Diet ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
C And N

Abstract.—Spiny dogfish <em>Squalus acanthias </em>are an abundant and commercially important species of fish off both the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of North America. They are opportunistic feeders and have a varied diet that can include many fish species, especially small forage fish such as herring, capelin, and sand lance as well as crustaceans, worms, euphausiids, gelatinous zooplankton, and cephalopods. The purpose of our present study is to investigate the utility of the second dorsal spine in providing multiyear information on the feeding habits of dogfish using stable isotope (C and N) analysis. The outer dentine and enamel layers of a spine from three dogfish (caught off the coast of British Columbia) were analyzed to obtain their stable nitrogen and carbon isotope composition (δ<sup>15</sup>N and δ<sup>13</sup>C, respectively). Each sample had annuli from multiple years, allowing possible seasonal migrations to be averaged over samples. The δ<sup>15</sup>N ranged from a low of 11.6‰ to a high of 14.9‰ over the three spines and δ<sup>13</sup>C ranged from –11.5‰ to –18.4‰. The variable isotopic signatures along the spine indicate that the method may be used to assess ecological changes. Stable isotope measurements of dogfish spines could be a valuable means of determining long-term changes in habitat usage and feeding ecology.

Nutrition in mental health

2011 ◽  
pp. 671-687
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
P Nutrition ◽  
Mental Capacity Act 2005 ◽  
Varied Diet ◽  
Excessive Intake ◽  
Mental Capacity Act ◽  
Mental Well Being

Introduction 672 Pharmacotherapy in mental health 673 Who can contribute to nutritional care in mental health? 674 Nutrition in specific mental health conditions 676 Developmental disorders 678 Eating disorders 680 Dementia 684 Mental Capacity Act 2005 687 Nutrition interacts with and influences mental health in a comparable way to physical health: a ‘healthy and varied diet’ can help promote mental well-being whilst an inadequate or excessive intake of food or specific nutrients can have a detrimental effect on mental health (...

scholarly journals Ethnic Food Consumption in Italy: The Role of Food Neophobia and Openness to Different Cultures

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Mascarello ◽  
Anna Pinto ◽  
Valentina Rizzoli ◽  
Barbara Tiozzo ◽  
Stefania Crovato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Food Neophobia ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Ethnic Food ◽  
Varied Diet ◽  
Food Market ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
The Relationship

While the ethnic food market has become increasingly important in Italy, the effects of the hybridization of consumption patterns have been slowed by a consolidated culinary tradition. This study investigates the relationships among ethnic food consumption, food neophobia, and openness to different cultures with sociodemographic characteristics. A sample of 1317 Italian consumers responded to an online survey. The sociodemographic profile of the neophobic consumer appears to substantially differ from that of the consumer with an attitude of openness. Neophobic respondents are males, are older than 55 years of age, are less educated, have children, are retired, have difficulty meeting their financial responsibilities, and do not eat ethnic food. Respondents who are more open to different cultures are young adults, are highly educated, have no children, are employed, and are consumers of ethnic food. The relationship between food neophobia and openness to different cultures is confirmed to be the relationship between these variables and ethnic food consumption. The measurement of these characteristics could serve as a crucial indicator for analyzing the willingness to accept elements of novelty in an increasingly multicultural society. Additionally, consumers with the neophobic trait and who are less open to different cultures might have a less varied diet that is essential to good health.

Mediterranean diet and oxidative stress

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Górska ◽  
Ilona Górna ◽  
Juliusz Przysławski
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
The Body ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Varied Diet ◽  
The Mediterranean

Purpose This study aims to analyze the antioxidant properties of the Mediterranean diet and describe methods that are used in clinical studies to assess its role in reducing oxidative stress. Design/methodology/approach The review presents the results of interventional and observational clinical trials aimed at assessing the influence of the Mediterranean diet on the level of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, as well as the total blood antioxidant capacity. Findings The Mediterranean diet as a varied diet can be a better way to provide antioxidants to the body than supplements. Individual compounds administered in an isolated form can give the opposite effect to the expected, stimulating oxidative stress. The administration of antioxidants in the form of supplements instead of a varied diet is also associated with a lack of synergism of action. In studies on the importance of the Mediterranean diet in the reduction of oxidative stress, single markers are used to measure oxidative damage, the activity of enzymatic antioxidants and the concentration of individual non-enzymatic antioxidants. At the same time, the need to find markers that would assess the level of oxidative stress and the body’s antioxidant capacity more comprehensively is emphasized. Practical implications It should be taken into account that differences between in vivo and in vitro results may result from the fact of various factors, including genetic, smoking, intestinal microflora or diet composition. It is also necessary to answer the question about which marker or set of markers could in the most comprehensive way to assess the level of oxidative stress and the body’s antioxidant capacity. Originality/value The literature review shows not only the source of antioxidants in the Mediterranean diet. This paper also presents a critical approach to markers that allow the assessment of the antioxidant properties of the diet.

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