Environmental Reform, Negative Duties, and Petrocrats: A Strategic Green Energy Argument

Renewable and sustainable energy has an evolving story as the ongoing trade war in the word is influencing crude oil prices. Moreover, the global warming is an inevitable consequence of the worldwide increasing rate of fossil fuel utilization which has persuaded the governments to invest on the clean and sustainable energy resources. In recent years, the cost of green energy has tumbled, making the price of renewables competitive to the fossil fuels. Although, the hydrogen fuel is still extremely expensive compared to the crude oil price, investigations about clean hydrogen fuel production and utilization has been developed significantly which demonstrate the importance of the hydrogen fuel in the future. This article aims to scrutinize the importance of green hydrogen fuel production from solar/wind energy.

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Analysis on the impact of green energy on agriculture, animal husbandry and fishery

Environment and Resource ◽

10.35534/er.0101004c ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 37-42

Author(s):

Zhao Qiqing ◽

Wu Lei

Keyword(s):

Animal Husbandry ◽

Green Energy ◽

The Impact

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Ontario’s Green Energy 'Fee': The Trouble with Taxation Through Regulation

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.1601417 ◽

2010 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Benjamin Alarie ◽

Finn Poschmann

Keyword(s):

Green Energy

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Collagen And Carbon-Ferrous Nanoparticles Used As A Green Energy Composite Material For Energy Storage Devices

Current Materials Science ◽

10.2174/2666145413666201207202502 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

Author(s):

Inbasekaran S. ◽

G. Thiyagarajan ◽

Ramesh C. Panda ◽

S. Sankar

Keyword(s):

Composite Material ◽

Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Value Added ◽

Green Energy ◽

Nano Particles ◽

Hydroxyl Group ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Circuit Testing ◽

Battery Cell ◽

Dc Voltage

Background:: Chrome shavings, a bioactive material, are generated from tannery as waste material. These chrome shaving can be used for the preparation of many value-added products. Objective:: One such attempt is made to use these chrome shaving wastes as a composite bio-battery to produce DC voltage, an alternate green energy source and cleaner technology. Methods:: Chrome shavings are hydrolyzed to make collagen paste and mixed with the ferrous nanoparticles of Moringa oleifera leaves and Carbon nanoparticles of Onion peels to form electrolyte paste as base. Then, the electrolyte base was added to the aluminum paste and conducting gel, and mixed well to form composite material for bio-battery. Results:: The composite material of bio-battery has been characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA). Series and parallel circuit testing were done using Copper and Zinc electrodes or Carbon and Zinc electrodes as the battery terminals in the electrolyte paste. The surface area of these electrodes needs standardization from bench to pilot scale. The power generated, for an AA battery size, using a single bio-battery cell has produced a DC voltage of 1.5 V; current of 900 mA. Circuit testing on 1 ml of 80 well-cells connected in series has produced DC output of 18 V and 1100 mA whereas 48 V and 1500 mA were obtained from a series-parallel connection. Conclusion:: The glass transition temperature (Tg) of electrolyte of the bio-battery at 53°C indicates that, at this temperature, all the substances present in the bio-battery are well spread and contributing consistently to the electrolyte activity where Fe-C-Nano-Particles were able to form strong chemical bonds on the flanking hydroxyl group sites of the Collagen leading to reduced mobility of polymers and increase Tg. The results instigate promising trends for commercial exploitation of this composite for bio-battery production.

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Introductory Note

10.1093/oso/9780190923846.003.0018 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Joanna Gomula

Keyword(s):

Latin American ◽

Tax Evasion ◽

Green Energy ◽

Illicit Trade ◽

Appellate Body ◽

Introductory Note ◽

General Exceptions ◽

Gatt 1994 ◽

Combat Money Laundering ◽

Wto Agreements

In 2016, panel and Appellate Body reports were adopted in seven disputes. The majority of the disputes concerned general obligations under two basic WTO agreements: the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade of 1994 (GATT 1994) and the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS). Therefore, the 2016 reports provide valuable analytical resources on basic GATT and GATS concepts, and the respective general exceptions clauses. The other disputes concerned anti-dumping and countervailing duty measures. Two disputes involving Latin American states related to measures imposed in order to combat money laundering and tax evasion, and raised the question of whether GATT tariff obligations apply to “illicit trade”. Two other disputes related to the use of green energy, including the promotion of solar cells and modules, and anti-dumping duties on imports of biodiesel.

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