Adult Mortality Probability and Nest Predation Rates Explain Parental Effort in Warming Eggs with Consequences for Embryonic Development Time

2015 ◽  
Vol 186 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Martin ◽  
Juan C. Oteyza ◽  
Andy J. Boyce ◽  
Penn Lloyd ◽  
Riccardo Ton
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Nest Predation ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Parental Effort ◽  
Mortality Probability ◽  
Predation Rates

scholarly journals Nest predation and adult mortality relationships with post-natal metabolic rates and growth among songbird species

2020 ◽  
Vol 223 (16) ◽  
pp. jeb226563
Author(s):  
Riccardo Ton ◽  
Thomas E. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Nest Predation ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Environmental Selection ◽  
Broad Array ◽  
Life History Tradeoffs ◽  
Predation Rates

ABSTRACTMetabolism is thought to mediate the connection between environmental selection pressures and a broad array of life history tradeoffs, but tests are needed. High juvenile predation correlates with fast growth, which may be achieved via fast juvenile metabolism. Fast offspring metabolism and growth can create physiological costs later in life that should be minimized in species with low adult mortality. Yet, relationships between juvenile metabolism and mortality at offspring versus adult stages are unexplored. We found that post-natal metabolism was positively correlated with adult mortality but not nest predation rates among 43 songbird species on three continents. Nest predation, but not adult mortality, explained additional variation in growth rates beyond metabolism. Our results suggest that metabolism may not be the mechanism underlying the relationships between growth and mortality at different life stages.

scholarly journals Postnatal Growth Rates Covary Weakly with Embryonic Development Rates and Do Not Explain Adult Mortality Probability among Songbirds on Four Continents

2015 ◽  
Vol 185 (3) ◽  
pp. 380-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Martin ◽  
Juan C. Oteyza ◽  
Adam E. Mitchell ◽  
Ahva L. Potticary ◽  
Penn Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Development Rates ◽  
Mortality Probability

scholarly journals Do Repugnant Scents Increase Survival of Ground Nests? A Test with Artificial and Natural Duck Nests

2007 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Vanessa B. Harriman ◽  
Justin A. Pitt ◽  
Serge Larivière
Keyword(s):  
Human Hair ◽  
Nest Predation ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Olfactory Cues ◽  
Artificial Nests ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Mammalian Predators ◽  
High Predation ◽  
Ground Nesting ◽  
Predation Rates

Ground-nesting birds typically experience high predation rates on their nests, often by mammalian predators. As such, researchers and wildlife managers have employed numerous techniques to mitigate nest predation. We investigated the use of scents as repellents to deter predators from both artificial and natural ground nests. Survival rates of artificial nests did not differ among six groups of substances (Wald ?2 df = 5 = 4.53, P < 0.48); however the chronology of predation among groups differed. A commercial Coyote urine based deterrent (DEER-D-TERTM), human hair, and Worcestershire sauce were depredated faster than the control (F4,5 = 40.3, P < 0.001). Nest survival of natural nests differed among those groups tested (Wald ?2 df = 2 = 11.8, P < 0.005); the eight mothball treatment decreased survival (Wald ?2 df = 1 = 11.5, P < 0.005), which indicated that novel smells may attract predators or result in duck nest abandonment when coupled with natural duck scent. Chronologies of predation events among treatment groups were not different for natural nests (F2,3 = 1.9, P = 0.22). These findings indicate an interaction between novel scents and predator olfactory cues.

scholarly journals No evidence for disruption of global patterns of nest predation in shorebirds

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Bulla ◽  
Jeroen Reneerkens ◽  
Emily L. Weiser ◽  
Aleksandr Sokolov ◽  
Audrey R. Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Nest Predation ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Statistical Support ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
Global Patterns ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Predation Rates

AbstractKubelka et al. (Science, 9 November 2018, p. 680-683) claim that climate change has disrupted patterns of nest predation in shorebirds. They report that predation rates have increased since the 1950s, especially in the Arctic. We describe methodological problems with their analyses and argue that there is no solid statistical support for their claims.

scholarly journals Nest-predator prevalence along a mountain birch - alpine tundra ecotone

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 525
Author(s):  
Åshild Ø. Pedersen ◽  
Lasse Asmyhr ◽  
Hans Christian Pedersen ◽  
Nina E. Eide
Keyword(s):  
Nest Predation ◽  
Alpine Tundra ◽  
Mountain Birch ◽  
Pine Marten ◽  
Willow Ptarmigan ◽  
Generalist Species ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Nest Predator ◽  
Predation Rates ◽  
Birch Forests

Context Nest predation is a major factor influencing life history and population dynamics of ground-nesting birds. The transitions between the northern boreal mountain birch forests and the low-alpine tundra are important habitats for the willow ptarmigan, Lagopus lagopus (Linnaeus, 1758). During the past decades, these landscapes have been extensively developed with cabin resorts in southern Norway, which has led to an increased number of roads and foot paths in relatively undisturbed habitats. Aims The aim of the present study was to investigate relative nest-predation rates in elevation gradients (ecotones) spanning from northern boreal mountain birch forests to low-alpine tundra in three locations with contrasting willow ptarmigan densities. Methods We conducted an artificial nest study by using baited track boards (n = 108). Track boards were placed along transects (200 m) in the following three habitat types: birch forest, edge habitat and low-alpine tundra. Predator prevalence was analysed in relation to study-design variables (location, habitat, study period) and the load of human infrastructure (i.e. distance to foot paths and roads), using generalised linear mixed-effect models assuming binomial distribution for the response variable. Key results Prevalence of avian predators was consistently high (range 38.2–85.3%), in contrast to much lower prevalence of mammalian predators (range 2.8–22.9%). Raven (Corvus corax) was the dominant nest predator, followed by hooded crow (C. cornix) and pine marten (Martes martes). Location, as contrasted by differences in willow ptarmigan density, was not significantly related to total relative predation rates. Species-specific predator prevalence was habitat specific and related to human infrastructure, but with opposite relative predation patterns between pine marten and raven. Hooded crow predation was similar across the ecotone and not related to human infrastructure. Conclusions Predator prevalence was habitat specific and affected by human infrastructure (distance to human foot paths). Our study confirmed that human activity might alter the predation rates by generalist species in these low-alpine environments. Implications We recommend that attractive willow ptarmigan habitat should be avoided when planning human infrastructure in alpine ecosystems. To reduce predation pressure in this ecosystem, it appears that generalist predators should be considered for management actions. Further research is needed to explain the underlying mechanism driving expansion of generalist species into alpine habitats. Such knowledge is also important in developing alternative management actions with focus other than predator control.

Embryonic development of the newt Triturus italicus in relation to temperature

1998 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Tripepi ◽  
F. Rossi ◽  
G. Peluso
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Different Temperatures

AbstractThe embryonic development of Triturus italicus was observed at different temperatures. Normal development occurred between 10°C and 22.5°C. In this range of temperatures an hyperbolic relationship between development time and temperature was confirmed.

Artificial nest predation rates vary among habitats in the Australian monsoon tropics

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Noske ◽  
Sarah Fischer ◽  
Barry W. Brook
Keyword(s):  
Nest Predation ◽  
Artificial Nest ◽  
Australian Monsoon ◽  
Predation Rates
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