Interpreting the Ancien Régime. By David Bien. Edited by Rafe Blaufarb, Michael S. Christofferson, and Darrin M. McMahon. Oxford University Studies in the Enlightenment. Edited by Jonathan Mallinson.Oxford: Voltaire Foundation, 2014. Pp. xiv+300. $110.00.

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 448-450
Author(s):  
Dale K. Van Kley
Author(s):  
Élodie Ripoll

This article investigates chocolate in Ancien Régime society through a selection of treatises, dictionaries, and novels from the Enlightenment.  These texts provide valuable information on its benefits, preparation, and consumption – revealing new dietary as well as social rituals, closely linked to the libertine imagination.  In addition, the novels inform the evolution of descriptive practices. The analysis of short excerpts enables us to propose a few topoi, such as “to take one’s chocolate,” “to invite to take chocolate,” “to feel pleasure with chocolate” or “(to attempt) to administer poison or narcotic in chocolate.”


2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (269) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Ferdinand Azevedo

Uma melhor compreensão da importância de Dom Vital na história brasileira do século XIX exige uma visão mais ampla da política eclesiástica regalista no Brasil, verificando as suas raízes no iluminismo já no “ancien régime” em Portugal. Em sintonia com o movimento ultramontanista que vinha se formando frente aos movimentos de liberalismo e nacionalismo, especialmente na Itália, a experiência de Dom Vital na França o ajudou a ver de perto as suas possibilidades de enfrentar as políticas hostis à Igreja. De volta ao Brasil e já consagrado Bispo, tomou uma decisão imprevista, mas decisiva: enfrentou o Imperador ao defender-se contra uma parte mais radical da Maçonaria em Pernambuco. Para o Império, sua posição foi política e não contra a Maçonaria, contra a autoridade imperial, enquanto para Dom Vital foi uma expressão de fé, defendendo a liberdade de ação da Igreja.Abstract: A better understanding of the importance of Dom Vital in Brazilian history during the Nineteenth Century requires a larger vision of the regalist and ecclesiatical policies in Brasil, verifying its roots already in the enlightenment of the “ancien régime” in Portugal. In conformity with the utramontanist movement which was taking shape in reaction to liberalism and nationalism, specially in Italy, the experience of Dom Vital in France helped him grasp the possibilities of how to face up to the hostil policies against the Church. Back in Brazil and already consacrated Bishop, he made an unforeseen, but decisive decision. He confronted the Emperor by defending himself against the most radical elements of Free Masonry in Pernambuco. For the Empire, his stance was political and not against Free Masonry, against the imperial authority while for Dom Vital, it was an expression of faith, defending the Church’s freedom of action.


2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-224
Author(s):  
Manuel F. Vieites

For Spaniards during the Enlightenment, education was a key element in their proposals for reform and modernisation of a country still stubbornly anchored in the feudal structures of the Ancien Régime. As such, different educational issues pervaded the writings and public activities of the most progressive intellectuals. In the same way, educational themes began to pervade the theatre, which these intellectuals saw as an ideal platform for disseminating the ideas of modernisation and convergence with other European countries. Based on a review of different documentary sources from the period and other pertinent literature, this paper shows how educational issues permeated the work of numerous authors, who considered drama a useful tool for the transmission of principles, values and social norms, with the ultimate aim of building a new society for Spanish citizens. At the same time, we analyse different initiatives designed to modernise both theatres and the plays enacted within them, as media for public education designed to appeal to a new audience – a reflection of the new civility.


Author(s):  
Vincenzo Ferrone

This chapter examines the unifying element, and the ultimate defining trait of, the Enlightenment style of thought that pervaded the new humanism of the moderns: a radical cultural reform of the European identity that was implicit in the Enlightenment idea of civilization. It also considers the Enlightenment's critique of traditional revealed religions in relation to its humanism of the moderns in the context of Ancien Régime Europe. The chapter first considers the effects of the traditional reading of Immanuel Kant's philosophy and the historical discontinuity between the humanisms of earlier centuries and Enlightenment humanism before discussing Voltaire's view of religion as a necessity and a useful tool in the life of man.


Author(s):  
D. Bruce Hindmarsh

Evangelicals reprised the biblical trope of the “one thing needful” (the unum necessarium) but emphasized singular devotion not in the context of cloister or vestry but in the wider world. This book gives an account of this dynamic spirituality in the new social space of a modernizing society where the traditional bonds of ancien régime society were weakening. It describes the emergence of evangelical spirituality but views devotion, culture, and ideas all together. Evangelical devotion appeared alongside the rise of Modernity, the Enlightenment, and the Scientific Revolution, and in the midst of a shift from the authority of the ancients to that of the moderns. Evangelical devotion is therefore examined in relation to the key cultural domains of science, law, and art, and the leading intellectual discourses of natural and moral philosophy. The leading subjects and sources for the book and the content of each chapter are also briefly introduced.


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