Genetically Determined Variation in Developmental Physiology of Bivalve Larvae (Crassostrea gigas)

2015 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.-C. Francis Pan ◽  
Scott L. Applebaum ◽  
Donal T. Manahan
Keyword(s):  
Crassostrea Gigas ◽  
Bivalve Larvae ◽  
Developmental Physiology ◽  
Genetically Determined

DEVELOPMENTAL RATES AND DIAPAUSE IN ACHETA PENNSYLVANICUS (BURMEISTER) AND ACHETA VELETIS ALEXANDER AND BIGELOW (ORTHOPTERA:GRYLLIDAE)

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 973-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Bigelow
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Embryonic Diapause ◽  
Geographical Isolation ◽  
Laboratory Rearing ◽  
Nymphal Development ◽  
Developmental Physiology ◽  
Developmental Rates ◽  
Genetically Determined

Tendencies to diapause were not observed in nymphs of Acheta pennsylvanicus (Burmeister), but diapause was noted in a high proportion of the nymphs of Acheta veletis Alexander and Bigelow. On the average, nymphal development was more rapid in pennsylvanicus than it was in veletis nymphs. Embryonic diapause always occurred in pennsylvanicus but never in veletis eggs. These differences in developmental physiology are genetically determined and the failure of the two species to produce hybrids may be due to conflicting lethal interactions of the two genotypes in hybrid embryos. Both species die out after several generations of laboratory rearing at continuous high temperatures, and the evolution of cold hardiness has apparently involved a reduction in tolerance to constant high temperatures. Reproductive isolation may have been achieved by these two species without geographical isolation. Nymphal development is more rapid in northern than in southern veletis populations.

scholarly journals Adaption potential of Crassostrea gigas to ocean acidification and disease caused by Vibrio harveyi

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Nordio ◽  
Natalie Khtikian ◽  
Sean Andrews ◽  
Daniela Bertotto ◽  
Karen Leask ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Shell Length ◽  
Crassostrea Gigas ◽  
Vibrio Harveyi ◽  
Larval Shell ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
Bivalve Larvae ◽  
Survival And Development ◽  
Estimate Heritability ◽  
Slow Growing

Abstract The survival and development of bivalve larvae is adversely impacted by ocean acidification and Vibrio infection, indicating that bivalves need to simultaneously adapt to both stressors associated with anthropogenic climate change. In this study, we use a half-dial breeding design to estimate heritability (h2) for survival to Vibrio harveyi infection and larval shell length to aragonite undersaturated and normal conditions in laboratory-reared Crassostrea gigas. Phenotypic differences were observed between families for these traits with heritability estimated to be moderate for survival to V. harveyi challenge (h2 = 0.25) and low for shell length in corrosive (Ωaragonite = 0.9, h2 = 0.15) and normal conditions (Ωaragonite = 1.6, h2 = 0.15). Predicted breeding values for larval shell length are correlated between aragonite-undersaturated and normal conditions (Spearman r = 0.63, p < 0.05), indicating that larger larvae tend to do better in corrosive seawater. Aquaculture hatcheries routinely cull slow-growing larvae to reduce and synchronize time taken for larvae to metamorphose to spat, thus inadvertently applying size-related selection for larger larvae. This indirect selection in the hatchery populations provides a plausible explanation why domesticated oyster populations are less sensitive to ocean acidification.

scholarly journals Biochemical bases of growth variation during development: a study of protein turnover in pedigreed families of bivalve larvae (Crassostrea gigas)

2018 ◽  
Vol 221 (10) ◽  
pp. jeb171967 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.-C. Francis Pan ◽  
Scott L. Applebaum ◽  
Christina A. Frieder ◽  
Donal T. Manahan
Keyword(s):  
Crassostrea Gigas ◽  
Protein Turnover ◽  
Bivalve Larvae ◽  
Growth Variation

scholarly journals Dynamic Immune Response to Vibriosis in Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas Larvae during the Infection Process as Supported by Accurate Positioning of GFP-Tagged Vibrio Strains

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1523
Author(s):  
Dongdong Wang ◽  
Alfredo Loor ◽  
Lobke De Bels ◽  
Gilbert Van Stappen ◽  
Wim Van den Broeck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Crassostrea Gigas ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Pacific Oyster ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Bivalve Larvae ◽  
Iκb Kinase

As the immune system is not fully developed during the larval stage, hatchery culture of bivalve larvae is characterized by frequent mass mortality caused by bacterial pathogens, especially Vibrio spp. However, the knowledge is limited to the pathogenesis of vibriosis in oyster larvae, while the immune response to pathogenic microorganisms in this early life stage is still far from being fully elucidated. In this study, we combined green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagging, histological and transcriptomic analyses to clarify the pathogenesis of experimental vibriosis and the mechanisms used by the host Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas larvae to resist infection. The Vibrio strains first colonized the digestive system and rapidly proliferated, while only the transcription level of IκB kinase (IKK) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) associated with signaling transduction were up-regulated in oyster at 18 h post challenge (hpc). The mRNA levels for integrin β-1, peroxinectin, and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), which are associated with phagocytosis, cell adhesion, and cytoprotection, were not upregulated until 30 hpc when the necrosis already happened in the larval digestive system. This suggested that the immunity in the early stages of C. gigas is not strong enough to prevent vibriosis and future research may focus on the strengthening of the gastrointestinal immune ability to defend vibriosis in bivalve larvae.

Ultrastructural alterations in the fetal mouse myocardium in response to genetic and environmental factors

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 724-725
Author(s):  
K.C. Feng-Chen ◽  
F.B. Essien ◽  
K.J. Prestwidge ◽  
J.T. Cheng ◽  
C.L. Shen
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Heart ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Cardiac Contraction ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Fetal Mouse ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Physiological Adjustments ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Genetically Determined

The physiology of the fetal heart differs significantly from that of the mature post-natal organ: e.g., the metabolic supply for adult cardiac contraction relies mainly on fatty acids; whereas, the fetal heart uses carbohydrates as its primary energy source. Limited morphological descriptions of the developing myocardium have appeared. However, additional studies are required to elucidate the ultrastructural changes occuring in the perinatal period when enormous physiological adjustments are made. Although adult animals are most often used in toxocological and pathological analyses, it is also important to investigate fetal cardiac responsiveness to various agents. The vulnerability of the ultrastructure of the fetal mouse myocardium to genetic and environmental assault is the subject of this report. The genetically determined effect on the heart was observed in mouse embryos homozygous for the cab (cardiac abnormality) mutation discovered by Essien.

Persistence of the striatal hypertrophy at the symptomatic stage of genetically determined and idiopathic parkinsonism

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (S 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Lasek ◽  
C. Klein ◽  
C. Gaser ◽  
J. Hagenah ◽  
C. Büchel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Idiopathic Parkinsonism ◽  
Genetically Determined
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