scholarly journals Life-History Differences in Age-Dependent Expressions of Multiple Ornaments and Behaviors in a Lekking Bird

2015 ◽  
Vol 185 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matti Kervinen ◽  
Christophe Lebigre ◽  
Rauno V. Alatalo ◽  
Heli Siitari ◽  
Carl D. Soulsbury
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Multiple Ornaments ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
And Behaviors

scholarly journals On the regulatory evolution of new genes throughout their life history

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-yu Zhang ◽  
Qi Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Housekeeping Genes ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Basic Question ◽  
Regulatory Evolution ◽  
New Genes ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Gain Loss ◽  
Evolution Trajectory

AbstractEvery gene has a birthplace and an age, i.e., a cis-regulatory environment and an evolution lifespan since its origination, yet how gene’s evolution trajectory is shaped by the two remains unclear. Here we address this basic question by comparing phylogenetically dated new genes of different ages among Drosophila and vertebrate species. For both, we find a clear ‘out of testis’ transition from the testis-specific young genes to the broadly expressed old housekeeping genes. Particularly, many new genes have evolved specific activation at maternal-zygotic transition, or distinctive spatiotemporal embryonic expression patterns from the parental genes. We uncover an age-dependent gain/loss of active/repressive histone modifications and cis-regulatory elements, with variations between species and between somatic/germline tissues, which together underpin the stepwise acquisition of novel and important function by new genes. These results illuminate the general evolution trajectory and the underlying regulatory mechanisms of genes throughout their life history.

scholarly journals Age-dependent effects of moderate differences in environmental predictability forecasted by climate change, experimental evidence from a short-lived lizard (Zootoca vivipara)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Masó ◽  
J. Kaufmann ◽  
H. Clavero ◽  
P. S. Fitze
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Life History ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Environmental Predictability ◽  
Common Lizard ◽  
Zootoca Vivipara ◽  
Age Dependent

Abstract Whether and how differences in environmental predictability affect life-history traits is controversial and may depend on mean environmental conditions. Solid evidence for effects of environmental predictability are lacking and thus, the consequences of the currently observed and forecasted climate-change induced reduction of precipitation predictability are largely unknown. Here we experimentally tested whether and how changes in the predictability of precipitation affect growth, reproduction, and survival of common lizard Zootoca vivipara. Precipitation predictability affected all three age classes. While adults were able to compensate the treatment effects, yearlings and juvenile females were not able to compensate negative effects of less predictable precipitation on growth and body condition, respectively. Differences among the age-classes’ response reflect differences (among age-classes) in the sensitivity to environmental predictability. Moreover, effects of environmental predictability depended on mean environmental conditions. This indicates that integrating differences in environmental sensitivity, and changes in averages and the predictability of climatic variables will be key to understand whether species are able to cope with the current climatic change.

scholarly journals Age-based soldier polyethism: old termite soldiers take more risks than young soldiers

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 20180025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saki Yanagihara ◽  
Wataru Suehiro ◽  
Yuki Mitaka ◽  
Kenji Matsuura
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Task Allocation ◽  
Life History Theory ◽  
Nest Defence ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Predatory Ants ◽  
Termite Soldiers

Who should take on risky tasks in an age-heterogeneous society? Life-history theory predicts that, in social insects, riskier tasks should be undertaken by sterile individuals with a shorter life expectancy. The loss of individuals with shorter life expectancy is less costly for colony reproductive success than the loss of individuals with longer life expectancy. Termite colonies have a sterile soldier caste, specialized defenders engaged in the most risky tasks. Here we show that termite soldiers exhibit age-dependent polyethism, as old soldiers are engaged in front-line defence more than young soldiers. Our nest defence experiment showed that old soldiers went to the front line and blocked the nest opening against approaching predatory ants more often than young soldiers. We also found that young soldiers were more biased toward choosing central nest defence as royal guards than old soldiers. These results demonstrate that termite soldiers have age-based task allocation, by which ageing predisposes soldiers to switch to more dangerous tasks. This age-dependent soldier task allocation increases the life expectancy of soldiers, allowing them to promote their lifetime contribution to colony reproductive success.

Putting It All Together

2019 ◽  
pp. 279-290
Author(s):  
J. Paul Fedoroff
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Diverse Population ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
New Classification ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Behavioral Perspective ◽  
Medical Perspective ◽  
Sexual Interests

Abstract: Unconventional sexual interests and behaviors can be classified in four ways. The system that appeals most to each person depends on the person’s background and preferred working paradigm. Those who think of paraphilias from a medical perspective will tend to think of possible anatomic or physiologic pathologies. Those who think of paraphilias from a behavioral perspective will tend to think of learned interests and behaviors due to mechanisms such as unconditioned and conditioned primary and second-order responses, blocking, generalization, punishment, and extinction. Those who think of paraphilias as variations on the range of sexual interests and behaviors shared by diverse population samples of humans will be prone to depathologize paraphilias and avoid categories. Those who focus on understanding the meaning that the paraphilia has for the person with the paraphilia will tend to think in terms of the person’s life history. This chapter reviews perspectives and paradigms concerning the paraphilias. A new classification scheme for the paraphilias is presented. The benefits of a new paradigm for the paraphilias that explains the changes seen in people with paraphilias is presented. A plea is made for productive future collaborations.

AGE-DEPENDENT FLEA (SIPHONAPTERA) PARASITISM IN RODENTS: A HOST'S LIFE HISTORY MATTERS

2006 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris R. Krasnov ◽  
Michal Stanko ◽  
Serge Morand
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Age Dependent

Sex- and age-dependent effects of population density on life history traits of red deer Cervus elaphus in a temperate forest

Ecography ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 446-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Bonenfant ◽  
Jean-Michel Gaillard ◽  
François Klein ◽  
Anne Loison
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Age Dependent

Evidence for an age-dependent influence of environmental variations on a long-lived seabird's life-history traits

Ecology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 208-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Pardo ◽  
Christophe Barbraud ◽  
Matthieu Authier ◽  
Henri Weimerskirch
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Environmental Variations

scholarly journals Age-dependent genetic variance in a life-history trait in the mute swan

2005 ◽  
Vol 273 (1583) ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Charmantier ◽  
Christopher Perrins ◽  
Robin H McCleery ◽  
Ben C Sheldon
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Life History Trait ◽  
Mute Swan ◽  
Age Dependent

scholarly journals Age‐dependent male mating tactics in a spider mite—A life‐history perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (20) ◽  
pp. 7367-7374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukie Sato ◽  
Peter T. Rühr ◽  
Helmut Schmitz ◽  
Martijn Egas ◽  
Alexander Blanke
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Male Mating ◽  
Mating Tactics ◽  
Age Dependent

scholarly journals Life history effects on hatchery contributions to ocean harvest and natural-area spawning

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (10) ◽  
pp. 1575-1587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raziel J. Davison ◽  
William H. Satterthwaite
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Natural Area ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Hatchery Fish ◽  
History Effects ◽  
Salmon Fisheries ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Conflicting Goals

Hatcheries can support salmon fisheries but also impact natural populations. We model the proportional hatchery contributions to ocean catch, natural-area spawning, and egg production based on hatchery production, maturation, fecundity, and straying. We develop indices of hatchery-origin catch per stray spawner measuring the trade-off between supplementing harvest and limiting natural-area impacts; higher values indicate success in increasing hatchery ocean harvest contributions relative to strays spawning in natural areas. Hatchery fish maturing early lowers catch per stray (and proportion hatchery-origin catch) by shifting the age distributions of both catch and spawners toward younger ages. Age-dependent fecundity may complicate predicted effects of changing maturation schedules. Increased straying does not affect catch but increases hatchery-origin spawning and decreases catch per stray. Differences in hatchery production affect hatchery contributions to both catch and spawning, exacerbating the trade-off between these conflicting goals but with no net effect on catch per stray. Fishery intensity magnifies the effects of accelerated hatchery fish maturation by reducing spawning contributions of older fish, with contrasting effects depending on whether hatchery fish mature early versus late.

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