Ecdysteroid Hormones Link the Juvenile Environment to Alternative Adult Life Histories in a Seasonal Insect

Vicencio Oostra; Ana Rita A. Mateus; Karin R. L. van der Burg; Thomas Piessens; Marleen van Eijk; Paul M. Brakefield; Patrícia Beldade; Bas J. Zwaan

doi:10.1086/677260

Maternal investment, life histories and the evolution of brain structure in primates

Proceedings of The Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspb.2019.1608 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 286 (1911) ◽

pp. 20191608 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lauren E. Powell ◽

Robert A. Barton ◽

Sally E. Street

Keyword(s):

Life History ◽

Life Histories ◽

Brain Size ◽

Developmental Trajectories ◽

Adult Life ◽

Maternal Investment ◽

Brain Evolution ◽

Brain Structures ◽

Juvenile Period ◽

Adult Lifespan

Life history is a robust correlate of relative brain size: larger-brained mammals and birds have slower life histories and longer lifespans than smaller-brained species. The cognitive buffer hypothesis (CBH) proposes an adaptive explanation for this relationship: large brains may permit greater behavioural flexibility and thereby buffer the animal from unpredictable environmental challenges, allowing for reduced mortality and increased lifespan. By contrast, the developmental costs hypothesis (DCH) suggests that life-history correlates of brain size reflect the extension of maturational processes needed to accommodate the evolution of large brains, predicting correlations with pre-adult life-history phases. Here, we test novel predictions of the hypotheses in primates applied to the neocortex and cerebellum, two major brain structures with distinct developmental trajectories. While neocortical growth is allocated primarily to pre-natal development, the cerebellum exhibits relatively substantial post-natal growth. Consistent with the DCH, neocortical expansion is related primarily to extended gestation while cerebellar expansion to extended post-natal development, particularly the juvenile period. Contrary to the CBH, adult lifespan explains relatively little variance in the whole brain or neocortex volume once pre-adult life-history phases are accounted for. Only the cerebellum shows a relationship with lifespan after accounting for developmental periods. Our results substantiate and elaborate on the role of maternal investment and offspring development in brain evolution, suggest that brain components can evolve partly independently through modifications of distinct developmental phases, and imply that environmental input during post-natal maturation may be particularly crucial for the development of cerebellar function. They also suggest that relatively extended post-natal maturation times provide a developmental mechanism for the marked expansion of the cerebellum in the apes.

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The influence of juvenile and adult environments on life-history trajectories

Proceedings of The Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspb.2005.3347 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 273 (1587) ◽

pp. 741-750 ◽

Cited By ~ 126

Author(s):

Barbara Taborsky

Keyword(s):

Life History ◽

Life Histories ◽

Adult Life ◽

Growth Conditions ◽

Offspring Size ◽

Juvenile Growth ◽

Life History Variation ◽

Major Life ◽

Adult Growth ◽

Trade Offs

There is increasing evidence that the environment experienced early in life can strongly influence adult life histories. It is largely unknown, however, how past and present conditions influence suites of life-history traits regarding major life-history trade-offs. Especially in animals with indeterminate growth, we may expect that environmental conditions of juveniles and adults independently or interactively influence the life-history trade-off between growth and reproduction after maturation. Juvenile growth conditions may initiate a feedback loop determining adult allocation patterns, triggered by size-dependent mortality risk. I tested this possibility in a long-term growth experiment with mouthbrooding cichlids. Females were raised either on a high-food or low-food diet. After maturation half of them were switched to the opposite treatment, while the other half remained unchanged. Adult growth was determined by current resource availability, but key reproductive traits like reproductive rate and offspring size were only influenced by juvenile growth conditions, irrespective of the ration received as adults. Moreover, the allocation of resources to growth versus reproduction and to offspring number versus size were shaped by juvenile rather than adult ecology. These results indicate that early individual history must be considered when analysing causes of life-history variation in natural populations.

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XXI.—The Life-history and Development of Agriolimax agrestis L., the Gray Field Slug.

Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh ◽

10.1017/s008045680001735x ◽

1939 ◽

Vol 59 (3) ◽

pp. 563-597 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

Robert Carrick

Keyword(s):

Life History ◽

Life Histories ◽

Adult Life ◽

Single Species ◽

Functional Changes ◽

Breeding Habit ◽

Early Stages ◽

History Of ◽

Highly Evolved

Among Gasteropod Molluscs the life-histories and development of the most highly evolved members, the terrestrial Pulmonates, have been less intensively studied than those of more primitive aquatic forms. This has been due in part to the technical difficulties involved in the permanent preparation of material for study, and in part to the fact that the investigator seeking for primitive features of phyletic interest is more likely to find these among more generalised species of Gasteropods than among those which are obviously adapted, both during the early stages of their development and in adult life, to a habitat far removed from the ancestral one.It is the purpose of this paper to present data bearing upon the life-history of a single species of land Pulmonate, Agriolimax agrestis L., to enlarge upon certain aspects of the embryology of this species, and to demonstrate the structural and functional changes of the larva which have accompanied the transition from an aquatic to a terrestrial breeding habit.

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Hydrological manipulation to assist spawning of a threatened galaxiid fish in a highland lake system

Marine and Freshwater Research ◽

10.1071/mf12197 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 64 (9) ◽

pp. 887 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Scott A. Hardie

Keyword(s):

Life Histories ◽

Adult Life ◽

Fold Increase ◽

Water Release ◽

Inland Waterways ◽

Water Diversions ◽

Lake System ◽

Yoy Fish ◽

Delayed Spawning ◽

Hydrologic Conditions

Hydrological alterations threaten freshwater fishes globally, with infrastructure-related modification of inland waterways (e.g. dams, water diversions) having profound impacts on many species. Adapting existing water-management systems can provide opportunities for undertaking hydrological manipulations to assist management of threatened fishes. The present study conducted two hydrological manipulations in an impounded highland lake system in Tasmania, Australia, under differing hydrological conditions in 2007 and 2009, to assist recovery of an endemic species, Galaxias auratus, following a prolonged drought. Monitoring at egg, larvae, juvenile and adult life stages revealed a positive response by G. auratus in Lake Crescent (recipient of water release), with no adverse impact on the species in Lake Sorell (source of water release). In both years, reproductive constraints imposed by water level-related availability of sediment-free rocky substrata delayed spawning (~1 month) of G. auratus in Lake Crescent. Despite this, spawning and recruitment occurred in 2007 (drought year) and 2009 (drought-breaking year), and the 2007 manipulation resulted in a two-fold increase in the seasonal density of larvae in Lake Crescent and an abundant cohort of YOY fish. Given knowledge of life histories and eco-hydrological relationships, manipulating (or re-instating) hydrologic conditions is a powerful tool for assisting recovery of threatened lacustrine fishes.

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Using a residency index to estimate the economic value of saltmarsh provisioning services for commercially important fish species

10.1101/755835 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Hannah A. McCormick ◽

Roberto Salguero-Gómez ◽

Morena Mills ◽

Katrina Davis

Keyword(s):

Ecosystem Services ◽

Life Histories ◽

Economic Value ◽

Adult Life ◽

Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽

Economic Consequences ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Solea Solea ◽

Commercially Important ◽

Economic Analyses

ABSTRACTEvery year, 100 hectares of saltmarsh in the United Kingdom are lost due to sea level rise. The remaining areas are threatened by land conversion, agricultural activities, and climate change. There are important economic consequences to saltmarsh loss, as saltmarsh provides valuable ecosystem services including flood protection, carbon sequestration, and nursery habitat for commercially fished species. Quantifying the economic value of these ecosystem services can help target policies for saltmarsh restoration, or ‘managed realignment’, of new saltmarsh areas. In this study, we quantify the economic value of saltmarsh as a habitat for commercially fished species by developing a residency index. The residency index weights the relative importance of saltmarsh along a species’ lifecycle by explicitly incorporating the target species’ life histories and the estimated proportion of time it spends in saltmarsh at juvenile and adult life stages. Using this index, we estimate the value of saltmarsh to UK commercial fisheries landings. We find that UK saltmarsh contributes annually between 16.7% and 18.2% of total UK commercial landings for European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax), European plaice (Pleuronectes platessa), and Common sole (Solea solea). Our findings highlight the importance of saltmarsh protection and restoration. Furthermore, our approach provides a general framework that integrates population ecology methods and economic analyses to assess the value of saltmarsh and other coastal habitats for fisheries worldwide.

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A Consensual Validation of Schizoid Personality in Childhood and Adult Life

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.144.6.646 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 144 (6) ◽

pp. 646-648 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Ann Cull ◽

Jonathan Chick ◽

Sula Wolff

Keyword(s):

Middle Childhood ◽

Clinical Picture ◽

Life Histories ◽

Asperger's Syndrome ◽

Adult Life ◽

Young Men ◽

Not Given ◽

Control Subjects ◽

Schizoid Personality ◽

Diagnostic Label

SummaryLife histories and interview descriptions of 23 young men diagnosed as schizoid in middle childhood and adult life and of 20 control subjects not given this diagnosis were presented for diagnostic rating to two independent general psychiatrists. Agreement about the presence or absence of schizoid personality was good. It is concluded that, in the case of boys, the syndrome of schizoid personality in childhood (Asperger's syndrome) corresponds to or is subsumed by the more general clinical picture psychiatrists have of schizoid personality in adult life, and that our original use of this diagnostic label for the youngsters we described was not idiosyncratic.

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Identifying Tributaries to Jackson Lake Important for Snake River Cutthroat Trout Recruitment

The UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports ◽

10.13001/uwnpsrc.2011.3851 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 34 ◽

pp. 27-32

Author(s):

Scott Carleton

Keyword(s):

Life Histories ◽

Trace Element Analysis ◽

Adult Life ◽

Cutthroat Trout ◽

Strontium Isotope ◽

Snake River ◽

Element Analysis ◽

Isotopic Signatures ◽

Future Work ◽

Spawning Tributaries

Across their range, native salmonid species are imperiled due to habitat loss, alteration, and competition with non-native salmonids. New challenges, such as the effects of climate change on stream flow and water temperature create new problems for these species and highlight the importance of understanding their juvenile and adult life histories. Specifically, identifying life history movement patterns as it relates to spawning sites and juvenile rearing streams. We measured strontium isotope values of 13 tributaries and mainstem waters of the lower Snake River and Jackson Lake as well as otoliths collected from resident/juvenile cutthroat trout to determine if we could find unique isotopic signatures throughout the watershed. Strontium isotope values were similar for otoliths and water samples collected at the same location. Strontium isotope yielded unique isotope values across the watershed and between tributaries and the Snake River and Jackson Lake. Only three tributaries were undifferentiated using strontium stable isotopes. These were Pilgrim, Dime, and Sheffield Creeks. Due to their close proximity geographically and their geologic similarities it is not surprising we were unable to differentiate these three tributaries from each other. Future work using trace element analysis might provide further differentiation between these three creeks. Using this new information, we can now begin to look at adult cutthroat from Jackson Lake and the Snake River and determine their natal origins and fidelity to spawning tributaries. Using this information, managers can guide conservation efforts for cutthroat trout in the Jackson Lake watershed.

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