Factors Associated with Healthcare Worker Acceptance of Vaccination: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 699-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Vasilevska ◽  
Jennifer Ku ◽  
David N. Fisman
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Healthcare Worker ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Vaccine Acceptance ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Self Protection

Background and objective.Healthcare workers experience occupational risk of infection and may transmit infections to patients. Vaccination provides an efficient means of protecting workers and patients, but uptake may be low. We sought to identify factors influencing vaccine acceptance by healthcare workers in order to obtain insights leading to more effective vaccination programs in this population.Design.Systematic review and meta-analysis.Methods.We searched Medline, Embase, and CINAHL databases to identify studies published up to May 2012. Factors influencing vaccination acceptance were devised a priori. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed to generate summary estimates of effect. Heterogeneity and publication bias were explored using statistical tools.Results.Thirty-seven studies evaluating a variety of vaccines (against influenza, pertussis, smallpox, anthrax, and hepatitis B) were included. Homogeneous effects on vaccine acceptance were identified with desire for self-protection (odds ratio [OR], 3.42 [95% confidence interval (CI), 2.42–4.82]) and desire to protect family and friends (OR, 3.28 [95% CI, 1.10–9.75]). Concern that vaccine transmits the illness it was meant to prevent decreased acceptance (OR, 0.42 [95% CI, 0.30–0.58]). Differences in physician and nurse acceptance of immunization were seen between Asian and non-Asian studies.Conclusions.Consideration of self-protection (rather than absolute disease risk or protection of patients) appears the strongest and most consistent driver of healthcare workers’ decisions to accept vaccination, though other factors may also be impactful, and reasons for between-study divergence in effects is an important area for future research. This finding has important implications for the design of programs to enhance healthcare worker vaccine uptake.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2014;35(6):699–708

scholarly journals How effective are social norms interventions in changing the clinical behaviours of healthcare workers? A systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Yee Tang ◽  
Sarah Rhodes ◽  
Rachael Powell ◽  
Laura McGowan ◽  
Elizabeth Howarth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Social Comparison ◽  
Healthcare Worker ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Clinical Behaviour ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Credible Source

Abstract Background Healthcare workers perform clinical behaviours which impact on patient diagnoses, care, treatment and recovery. Some methods of supporting healthcare workers in changing their behaviour make use of social norms by exposing healthcare workers to the beliefs, values, attitudes or behaviours of a reference group or person. This review aimed to evaluate evidence on (i) the effect of social norms interventions on healthcare worker clinical behaviour change and (ii) the contexts, modes of delivery and behaviour change techniques (BCTs) associated with effectiveness. Methods Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Searches were undertaken in seven databases. The primary outcome was compliance with a desired healthcare worker clinical behaviour and the secondary outcome was patient health outcomes. Outcomes were converted into standardised mean differences (SMDs). We performed meta-analyses and presented forest plots, stratified by five social norms BCTs (social comparison, credible source, social reward, social incentive and information about others’ approval). Sources of variation in social norms BCTs, context and mode of delivery were explored using forest plots, meta-regression and network meta-analysis. Results Combined data from 116 trials suggested that social norms interventions were associated with an improvement in healthcare worker clinical behaviour outcomes of 0.08 SMDs (95%CI 0.07 to 0.10) (n = 100 comparisons), and an improvement in patient health outcomes of 0.17 SMDs (95%CI 0.14 to 0.20) (n = 14), on average. Heterogeneity was high, with an overall I2 of 85.4% (healthcare worker clinical behaviour) and 91.5% (patient health outcomes). Credible source was more effective on average, compared to control conditions (SMD 0.30, 95%CI 0.13 to 0.47, n = 7). Social comparison also appeared effective, both on its own (SMD 0.05, 95%CI 0.03 to 0.08, n = 33) and with other BCTs, and seemed particularly effective when combined with prompts/cues (0.33, 95%CI 0.22 to 0.44, n = 5). Conclusions Social norms interventions appeared to be an effective method of changing the clinical behaviour of healthcare workers and have a positive effect on patient health outcomes in a variety of health service contexts. Although the overall result is modest and variable, there is the potential for social norms interventions to be applied at large scale. Trial registration PROSPERO CRD42016045718.

Are Digital Interventions Effective for Preventing Alcohol Consumption in Pregnancy?: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah (So Yeon) Oh ◽  
Carol Mita ◽  
Doukyoung Chon ◽  
Jourdyn Lawrence ◽  
Jongyoon Moon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Text Messaging ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Future Research ◽  
P Value ◽  
Digital Interventions ◽  
In Pregnancy

BACKGROUND Alcohol consumption in pregnancy has been associated with serious fetal health risk and maternal complications. While previous systematic reviews of digital interventions during pregnancy have targeted smoking cessation and flu vaccine uptake, fewer studies have sought to evaluate their effectiveness in preventing alcohol consumption during pregnancy. OBJECTIVE This systematic review aims to assess 1) whether digital interventions are effective in preventing alcohol consumption during the pregnancy/pregnancy-planning period, and 2) the differential effectiveness of alternative digital intervention platforms, i.e., computer, mobile, text messaging. METHODS PubMed, Embase, CINAHL and Web of Science were searched for studies with digital interventions aiming to prevent alcohol consumption among pregnant women or women planning to become pregnant. A random-effects primary meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the combined effect size and extent to which different digital platforms were successful in preventing alcohol consumption in pregnancy. RESULTS Six studies were identified and included in the final review. The primary meta-analysis produced a sample-weighted odds ratio (OR) of 0.62 (95% CI: 0.42-0.91, p-value = 0.0150) in favor of digital interventions decreasing risk of alcohol consumption during pregnancy when compared to controls. Computer/internet-based interventions (OR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.38-0.93) were an effective platform for preventing alcohol consumption. Too few studies of text messaging (OR: 0.29, 95% CI: 0.29-2.52) were available to draw a conclusion. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our review highlights the potential for digital interventions to prevent alcohol consumption among pregnant women and women planning to become pregnant. Considering the advantages of digital interventions in promoting healthy behavioral changes, future research is necessary to understand how certain platforms may increase user engagement and intervention effectiveness to prevent women from consuming alcohol during their pregnancies. CLINICALTRIAL N/A

scholarly journals Quantitative Measurements for Factors Influencing Implementation In School Settings: Protocol for A Systematic Review and A Psychometric and Pragmatic Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Hoy ◽  
Björg Helgadóttir ◽  
Åsa Norman
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
School Settings ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Pragmatic Analysis ◽  
Evidence Rating ◽  
Year 2000

Abstract Background: To address the effectiveness and sustainability of school-based interventions, there is a need to consider factors affecting implementation success. This rapidly growing field of implementation focused research is struggling with how to assess and measure implementation-relevant constructs. Earlier research identifies the need for strong psychometric and pragmatic measures. The aims of this review are therefore to (i) systematically review the literature to identify measurements of factors influencing implementation which have been developed or adapted in school settings, (ii) describe each measurement’s psychometric and pragmatic properties, (iii) describe the alignment between each measurement and corresponding domain and/or construct of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR).Methods: Six databases (Medline, ERIC, PsycInfo, Cinahl, Embase, and Web of Science) will be searched for peer-reviewed articles reporting on primary and secondary school settings, published from year 2000. Our search string will be built on three core levels of terms for: (a) implementation, (b) measurement, and (c) school settings. Two independent researchers will screen articles and extract data, with a third researcher cross-checking the process. The identified measurements will be mapped against CFIR domains and constructs, and analyzed for their psychometric and pragmatic properties using The Psychometric and Pragmatic Evidence Rating Scale (PAPERS), as well as for their measurement equivalence (invariance). The protocol follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P).Discussion: By identifying measurements that are psychometrically and pragmatically strong in the field, this review can contribute to the identification of feasible, effective, and sustainable implementations strategies. Through highlighting the gaps within the range of constructs in the tools retrieved, this review may provide insights for future research and where resources could be allocated. Combined, this review will provide a greater understanding of factors influencing implementation of initiatives within school settings, and how these can be further studied.Registration: This review is submitted to be prospectively registered on PROSPERO ID: 284741. Submission occurred the 12th of October 2021.

Chasing the Anchor: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Perceptual Anchoring Deficits in Developmental Dyslexia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt D Shulver ◽  
Nicholas A Badcock
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Reading Ability ◽  
English Language ◽  
Prediction Interval ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Eligibility Criteria

We report the results of a systematic review and meta-analysis investigating the relationship between perceptual anchoring and dyslexia. Our goal was to assess the direction and degree of effect between perceptual anchoring and reading ability in typical and atypical (dyslexic) readers. We performed a literature search of experiments explicitly assessing perceptual anchoring and reading ability using PsycInfo (Ovid, 1860 to 2020), MEDLINE (Ovid, 1860 to 2019), EMBASE (Ovid, 1883 to 2019), and PubMed for all available years up to June (2020). Our eligibility criteria consisted of English-language articles and, at minimum, one experimental group identified as dyslexic - either by reading assessment at the time, or by previous diagnosis. We assessed for risk of bias using an adapted version of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Six studies were included in this review, but only five (n = 280 participants) were included in the meta-analysis (we were unable to access the necessary data for one study).The overall effect was negative, large and statistically significant; g = -0.87, 95% CI [-1.47, 0.27]: a negative effect size indicating less perceptual anchoring in dyslexic versus non-dyslexic groups. Visual assessment of funnel plot and Egger’s test suggest minimal bias but with significant heterogeneity; Q (4) = 9.70, PI (prediction interval) [-2.32, -0.58]. The primary limitation of the current review is the small number of included studies. We discuss methodological limitations, such as limited power, and how future research may redress these concerns. The variability of effect sizes appears consistent with the inherent variability within subtypes of dyslexia. This level of dispersion seems indicative of the how we define cut-off thresholds between typical reading and dyslexia populations, but also the methodological tools we use to investigate individual performance.

Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety, and Insomnia Among Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Pappa ◽  
Vasiliki Ntella ◽  
Timoleon Giannakas ◽  
Vassilis G. Giannakoulis ◽  
Eleni Papoutsi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression

COVID-19 in Healthcare Workers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prevalence, Risk Factors, Clinical Characteristics, and Outcomes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Alejandro Gómez-Ochoa ◽  
Oscar H. Franco ◽  
Lyda Z. Rojas ◽  
Sandra Lucrecia Romero Guevara ◽  
Luis Eduardo Echeverría ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Meta Analysis

The burden of cardiovascular disease risk factors in the Middle East: A systematic review and meta-analysis focusing on primary prevention

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula ◽  
Abdullah Shehab ◽  
Anhar Ullah ◽  
Jamal Rahmani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Family History ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
History Of

Background: The increasing incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) threatens the Middle Eastern population. Several epidemiological studies have assessed CVD and its risk factors in terms of the primary prevention of CVD in the Middle East. Therefore, summarizing the information from these studies is essential. Aim: We conducted a systematic review to assess the prevalence of CVD and its major risk factors among Middle Eastern adults based on the literature published between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2018 and carried out a meta-analysis. Methods: We searched electronic databases such as PubMed/Medline, ScienceDirect, Embase and Google Scholar to identify literature published from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2018. All the original articles that investigated the prevalence of CVD and reported at least one of the following factors were included: hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, smoking and family history of CVD. To summarize CVD prevalence, we performed a random-effects meta-analysis. Results: A total of 41 potentially relevant articles were included, and 32 were included in the meta-analysis (n=191,979). The overall prevalence of CVD was 10.1% (95% confidence interval (CI): 7.1-14.3%, p<0.001) in the Middle East. A high prevalence of CVD risk factors, such as dyslipidaemia (43.3%; 95% CI: 21.5-68%), hypertension (26.2%; 95% CI: 19.6-34%) and diabetes (16%; 95% CI: 9.9-24.8%), was observed. The prevalence rates of other risk factors, such as smoking (12.4%; 95% CI: 7.7-19.4%) and family history of CVD (18.7%; 95% CI: 15.4-22.5%), were also high. Conclusion: The prevalence of CVD is high (10.1%) in the Middle East. The burden of dyslipidaemia (43.3%) in this region is twice as high as that of hypertension (26.2%) and diabetes mellitus (16%). Multifaceted interventions are urgently needed for the primary prevention of CVD in this region.

scholarly journals Cybersickness in current-generation virtual reality head-mounted displays: systematic review and outlook

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Polona Caserman ◽  
Augusto Garcia-Agundez ◽  
Alvar Gámez Zerban ◽  
Stefan Göbel
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Current Generation ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Head Mounted Displays ◽  
Skin Response ◽  
Golden Standard

AbstractCybersickness (CS) is a term used to refer to symptoms, such as nausea, headache, and dizziness that users experience during or after virtual reality immersion. Initially discovered in flight simulators, commercial virtual reality (VR) head-mounted displays (HMD) of the current generation also seem to cause CS, albeit in a different manner and severity. The goal of this work is to summarize recent literature on CS with modern HMDs, to determine the specificities and profile of immersive VR-caused CS, and to provide an outlook for future research areas. A systematic review was performed on the databases IEEE Xplore, PubMed, ACM, and Scopus from 2013 to 2019 and 49 publications were selected. A summarized text states how different VR HMDs impact CS, how the nature of movement in VR HMDs contributes to CS, and how we can use biosensors to detect CS. The results of the meta-analysis show that although current-generation VR HMDs cause significantly less CS ($$p<0.001$$ p < 0.001 ), some symptoms remain as intense. Further results show that the nature of movement and, in particular, sensory mismatch as well as perceived motion have been the leading cause of CS. We suggest an outlook on future research, including the use of galvanic skin response to evaluate CS in combination with the golden standard (Simulator Sickness Questionnaire, SSQ) as well as an update on the subjective evaluation scores of the SSQ.

scholarly journals Research on the Operating Characteristics of Hydraulic Free-Piston Engines: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3530
Author(s):  
Fukang Ma ◽  
Shuanlu Zhang ◽  
Zhenfeng Zhao ◽  
Yifang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Piston Engine ◽  
Free Piston ◽  
Free Piston Engine

The hydraulic free-piston engine (HFPE) is a kind of hybrid-powered machine which combines the reciprocating piston-type internal combustion engine and the plunger pump as a whole. In recent years, the HFPE has been investigated by a number of research groups worldwide due to its potential advantages of high efficiency, energy savings, reduced emissions and multi-fuel operation. Therefore, our study aimed to assess the operating characteristics, core questions and research progress of HFPEs via a systematic review and meta-analysis. We included operational control, starting characteristics, misfire characteristics, in-cylinder working processes and operating stability. We conducted the literature search using electronic databases. The research on HFPEs has mainly concentrated on four kinds of free-piston engine, according to piston arrangement form: single piston, dual pistons, opposed pistons and four-cylinder complex configuration. HFPE research in China is mainly conducted in Zhejiang University, Tianjin University, Jilin University and the Beijing Institute of Technology. In addition, in China, research has mainly focused on the in-cylinder combustion process while a piston is free by considering in-cylinder combustion machinery and piston dynamics. Regarding future research, it is very important that we solve the instabilities brought about by chance fluctuations in the combustion process, which will involve the hydraulic system’s efficiency, the cyclical variation, the method of predicting instability and the recovery after instability.

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