scholarly journals Three Modes of Adaptive Speciation in Spatially Structured Populations

2013 ◽  
Vol 182 (6) ◽  
pp. E215-E234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnes Rettelbach ◽  
Michael Kopp ◽  
Ulf Dieckmann ◽  
Joachim Hermisson
Keyword(s):  
Structured Populations ◽  
Spatially Structured Populations ◽  
Adaptive Speciation

scholarly journals Vector-borne disease risk indexes in spatially structured populations

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. e0006234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Velázquez-Castro ◽  
Andrés Anzo-Hernández ◽  
Beatriz Bonilla-Capilla ◽  
Moisés Soto-Bajo ◽  
Andrés Fraguela-Collar
Keyword(s):  
Disease Risk ◽  
Structured Populations ◽  
Vector Borne Disease ◽  
Spatially Structured Populations ◽  
Vector Borne

scholarly journals Estado Atual de Conhecimento de Dinâmica de Populações

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 256
Author(s):  
Anna Clara Balbina Silva ◽  
Afonso Pelli
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Structured Populations ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Spatially Structured Populations ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Population Interactions ◽  
Dynamic Population ◽  
Critical Challenge

Compreender os mecanismos que regulam a dinâmica das populações espacialmente estruturadas é um desafio crítico para os ecólogos e gestores de conservação. A dinâmica de populações é um ramo da ecologia que estuda as populações como sistema em atividades, relacionando as influências ambientais com a distribuição e abundância dos indivíduos e suas interações com o ambiente. O presente artigo é uma revisão bibliográfica, com o objetivo de identificar produções científicas relevantes sobre dinâmica populacional. Para isso, foram utilizados periódicos revisados por pares, na base de Periódicos Capes. A pesquisa foi realizada em junho de 2019, utilizando-se as palavras-chave para título contendo: "population dynamics" e no assunto “ecology”, a partir de 2014, quando o texto completo estava disponível. Foram considerados como critérios de exclusão os artigos publicados antes de 2014. Após a leitura dos títulos dos artigos, foram selecionados 34 artigos que foram lidos na íntegra. Em livros disponíveis no acervo da biblioteca da Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, foram selecionados quatro livros no tema dinâmica populacional. O referencial teórico aborda os aspectos da dinâmica de populações, tabela de vida, formas de crescimento e interações populacionais. Ressalta-se a necessidade de novos estudos que ainda possuem lacunas, que venha complementar e contribuir para o conhecimento de organismos que faltam ou ainda não possuem registros de estudos. Palavras-chave: Taxas de Natalidade e Mortalidade. Atributos Populacionais. Dispersão. AbstractUnderstanding the mechanisms that regulate the dynamics of spatially structured populations is a critical challenge for ecologists and conservation managers. Population dynamics is a branch of ecology that studies populations as a system in activities, relating environmental influences to the individuals’ distribution and abundance and their interactions with the environment. This article is a bibliographic review, aiming to identify relevant scientific productions about population dynamics. Thus. peer-reviewed journals were used in the Capes Periodicals base, the research was conducted in June 2019, using the keywords for title containing "population dynamics" and in the subject "ecology", from 2014, when the full text was available. Exclusion criteria were: articles published before 2014, after reading the article titles, 34 articles were selected that met the initially proposed criteria and were read in full. In books available in the library collection of the Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, with a search for the dynamic population theme, 4 books were used. The theoretical framework addresses the aspects of population dynamics, life table, forms of growth and population interactions. It is emphasized  the need for further studies that still have gaps, which will complement and contribute to the knowledge of organisms that are missing or do not have study records. Keywords: Birth and Mortality Rates. Population Attributes. Dispersion.

Spatial Processes

2020 ◽  
pp. 105-124
Author(s):  
Michael J. Fogarty ◽  
Jeremy S. Collie
Keyword(s):  
Structured Populations ◽  
Aquatic Species ◽  
Spatial Processes ◽  
Dispersal Patterns ◽  
Heterogeneous Distribution ◽  
Core Habitat ◽  
Spatially Explicit Models ◽  
Spatially Structured Populations ◽  
Degree Of Separation ◽  
Realistic Representation

Aquatic populations are patchily distributed. The full implications of this statement for the dynamics of these populations depend very strongly on movement and dispersal patterns. The characteristically heterogeneous distribution of exploited aquatic species is of course essential to harvesting strategies employed by fishers. It can also present important challenges to management when species distributions contract to core habitat areas and these concentrations can be readily located and exploited. The types of models described in this chapter, including metapopulation models, provide an initial framework for considering the dynamics of spatially structured populations. Dispersal can provide a stabilizing force by providing a subsidy or rescue effect for depleted populations. Realistic representation of spatial processes in models of aquatic populations is an evolving art. Quantifying movement and connectivity of aquatic species entails special challenges. Spatially explicit models should account for exchange among subpopulations in relation to their size, distance, and degree of separation.

Shared resources and disease dynamics in spatially structured populations

2014 ◽  
Vol 272 ◽  
pp. 198-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles L. Nunn ◽  
Peter H. Thrall ◽  
Peter M. Kappeler
Keyword(s):  
Structured Populations ◽  
Disease Dynamics ◽  
Shared Resources ◽  
Spatially Structured Populations

scholarly journals Coevolving parasites enhance the diversity-decreasing effect of dispersal

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 578-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Vogwill ◽  
Andy Fenton ◽  
Michael A. Brockhurst
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Structured Populations ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Colony Morphology ◽  
Bacterial Colony ◽  
Strong Selection ◽  
Spatially Structured Populations ◽  
High Dispersal ◽  
Experimental Populations

High dispersal rates between patches in spatially structured populations can impede diversification and homogenize diversity. These homogenizing effects of dispersal are likely to be enhanced by coevolving parasites that impose strong selection on hosts for resistance. However, the interactive effects of dispersal and parasites on host diversification have never been tested. We used spatially structured, experimental populations of the bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens , cultured with or without the phage SBW25Ф2 under three levels of dispersal (none, localized or global), and quantified diversity in terms of evolved bacterial colony morphologies after approximately 100 bacterial generations. We demonstrate that higher levels of colony morphology richness evolved in the presence of phage, and that dispersal reduced diversity most strongly in the presence of phage. Thus, our results suggest that, while parasites can drive host diversification, host populations coevolving with parasites are more prone to homogenization through dispersal.

Forecasting spatially structured populations: the role of dispersal and scale

2005 ◽  
Vol 233 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cailin Xu ◽  
Mark S. Boyce ◽  
Madhav Gadgil ◽  
Vidyanand Nanjundiah
Keyword(s):  
Structured Populations ◽  
Spatially Structured Populations

scholarly journals Fitness benefits of low infectivity in a spatially structured population of bacteriophages

2014 ◽  
Vol 281 (1774) ◽  
pp. 20132563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavitra Roychoudhury ◽  
Neelima Shrestha ◽  
Valorie R. Wiss ◽  
Stephen M. Krone
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Burst Size ◽  
Structured Populations ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Structured Population ◽  
Spatially Structured Populations ◽  
Lysis Time ◽  
Evolution Experiment ◽  
Spatially Structured Population ◽  
And Diffusion

For a parasite evolving in a spatially structured environment, an evolutionarily advantageous strategy may be to reduce its transmission rate or infectivity. We demonstrate this empirically using bacteriophage (phage) from an evolution experiment where spatial structure was maintained over 550 phage generations on agar plates. We found that a single substitution in the major capsid protein led to slower adsorption of phage to host cells with no change in lysis time or burst size. Plaques formed by phage isolates containing this mutation were not only larger but also contained more phage per unit area. Using a spatially explicit, individual-based model, we showed that when there is a trade-off between adsorption and diffusion (i.e. less ‘sticky’ phage diffuse further), slow adsorption can maximize plaque size, plaque density and overall productivity. These findings suggest that less infective pathogens may have an advantage in spatially structured populations, even when well-mixed models predict that they will not.

scholarly journals A management-oriented framework for selecting metrics used to assess habitat- and path-specific quality in spatially structured populations

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 792-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Nicol ◽  
Ruscena Wiederholt ◽  
Jay E. Diffendorfer ◽  
Brady J. Mattsson ◽  
Wayne E. Thogmartin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structured Populations ◽  
Spatially Structured Populations
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