Comparison of Visual versus Microscopic Methods to Detect Blood Splatter from an Intravascular Catheter with Engineered Sharps Injury Protection

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 1174-1180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiysha Ansari ◽  
Padmaja Ramaiah ◽  
Lillian Collazo ◽  
Hamisu M. Salihu ◽  
Donna Haiduven
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Bloodborne Pathogens ◽  
Naked Eye ◽  
Testing Chamber ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Intravascular Catheters

Objective.To determine whether retractable intravenous devices produced blood splatter and whether blood splatter frequency differed between visual and microscopy detection methods.Methods.In this laboratory-based experiment, 105 venipunctures were performed in a simulated brachial vein containing mock venous blood. The retraction mechanism was activated in a testing chamber with precut fabric filters, placed at 3 different locations, to capture blood splatter. Differences in filter mass, visual inspection, and microscopic analysis for presence of blood on filters were the units of analysis. Descriptive statistics, paired Student t tests, and k statistics were used for data analysis.Results.Blood splatter was detected visually and microscopically as follows: filter A, 70% and 71%, respectively; filter B, 12% and 9%, respectively; and filter C, 13% and 10%, respectively. A statistically significant difference was observed in the mean mass of filter A between before and after activation when confirmed by the naked eye (P = .014) and microscopically (P = .0092). Substantial agreement between methods was observed for filter A (k = 0.78 [95% confidence interval, 0.64-0.92]), filter B (k = 0.73 [95% confidence interval, 0.51-0.95]), and filter C (k = 0.75 [95% confidence interval, 0.55-0.96]). However, blood was detected by microscopy and not by the naked eye in 7 instances (7%).Conclusions.Our findings demonstrate that splatter, which can potentially expose healthcare workers (HCWs) to bloodborne pathogens, is associated with the activation of intravascular catheters with retraction mechanisms. HCWs may not detect this splatter when it occurs and may not report a splash to mucous membranes or nonintact skin. The need to wear personal protective equipment when using such devices is reinforced.

Examining the effect and safety of orthokeratology in controlling the development of myopia: Based on fluorosilicone acrylic breathable material

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 740-747
Author(s):  
Yanxia Song ◽  
Haixia Tian ◽  
Suling Yang ◽  
Feifan Du ◽  
Huihui Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Axial Length ◽  
Corneal Endothelium ◽  
Clinical Effect ◽  
Naked Eye ◽  
Corrected Visual Acuity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

We aimed to evaluate the clinical effect and safety of orthokeratology in controlling the development of myopia. We assessed the changes in visual acuity, diopter change, axial length, corneal endothelium count, intraocular pressure, and corneal Q value in 30 adolescents with 60 years of wearing an orthokeratology lens. In this study, no significant difference was observed between the naked eye vision and corrected visual acuity before wearing the lens (t = –0.23, P = 0.59); furthermore, no significant difference was observed in diopter, axial length, corneal endothelium count, and intraocular pressure 1 year before and after wearing the lens (t = 1.24, P = 0.45; t = –0.89, P = 0.25; t = –0.43, P = 0.57; t = 1.43, P = 0.61); by contrast, there was a significant difference in the corneal Q value before and after wearing the lens (t = –8.37, P = 0.001). These results suggest that the fluorosilicone acrylic breathable material corneal orthopedic lens is safe and effective in controlling myopia, and has little effect on the physiology of the eye.

Evaluation of oxidative stress and antioxidant parameters in children with carbon monoxide poisoning

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 1235-1243
Author(s):  
O Teksam ◽  
S Sabuncuoğlu ◽  
G Girgin ◽  
H Özgüneş
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Co Poisoning ◽  
Erythrocyte Catalase ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Objective: In this study, we aimed to investigate oxidative stress and antioxidant parameter levels in patients with carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. Methods: The study was conducted prospectively between March 1, 2015 and April 30, 2016 in the pediatric emergency department. Eligible patients included children aged 0–18 years old with a diagnosis of CO poisoning. To determination of oxidative stress and antioxidant parameter levels, venous blood with heparinized and urine samples were drawn during the admission and after normobaric oxygen (NBO) and hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment. Results: Forty-seven children with CO poisoning for study group and 29 patients as control group were included to the study. Sixteen patients treated with HBO. Basal plasma malondialdehyde levels were found to be significantly higher in the CO poisoning group when compared with the control group ( p = 0.019). There is no significant difference in oxidative stress and antioxidant parameter levels except erythrocyte catalase enzyme levels in patients treated with NBO when comparing before and after NBO treatment ( p > 0.05). Decreasing of basal erythrocyte catalase enzyme levels were found statistically significant after NBO treatment ( p = 0.04). There was no significant difference in oxidative stress and antioxidant parameter levels in patients treated with HBO before and after therapy ( p > 0.05). Conclusions: CO poisoning is associated with increased lipid peroxidation in children immediately after the poisoning. However, both treatment modalities including NBO or HBO do not have a significant effect on oxidative stress or antioxidant parameter levels.

Survivin Expression as a Prognostic Factor in Patients With Epithelial Ovarian Cancer or Primary Peritoneal Cancer Treated With Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 687-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Gąsowska-Bodnar ◽  
Lubomir Bodnar ◽  
Andrzej Dąbek ◽  
Marzena Cichowicz ◽  
Małgorzata Jerzak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Prognostic Factor ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Survivin Expression ◽  
Debulking Surgery ◽  
P53 Expression ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Interval Debulking Surgery ◽  
Before And After

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate association of expression of survivin and p53 with the effects of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in patients with advanced ovarian cancer (AOC).MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 60 consecutive patients with AOC (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage IIIC-IV) treated with NAC. The expression of p53 and survivin was assessed immunohistochemically. The median of expression total score survivin equals 2 was adopted to dichotomize the group. The positive and negative expression of p53 was used to dichotomize the group.ResultsThe expression of survivin in tumor tissue taken before and after NAC was a significant difference in the percentage of stained nuclei (P= 0.0002), the intensity of staining (P= 0.0003), and total score (P= 0.0001). There was a significant difference in p53 expression in tumor tissue before and after NAC in the percentage of stained nuclei (P= 0.0424). Survivin expression, in contrast to p53 expression, was a prognostic factor in patients with AOC treated with NAC (P= 0.0484). The expression of survivin and p53 was not a predictive factor. Independent adverse predictor factors were as follows: lack of optimal interval debulking surgery and the lack of an objective response (the respective hazard ratio was 3.93 [95% confidence interval, 2.07–7.46;P< 0.0001] and 2.36 [95% confidence interval,1.25–4.47;P= 0.0080]). The suboptimal range of interval debulking surgery, resistance to platinum, and the lack of paclitaxel in the NAC were adverse prognostic factors (the respective hazard ratio was 2.61 [95% confidence interval, 1.17–5.83], 2.72 [95% confidence interval, 1.07–6.89], and 2.56 [95% confidence interval, 1.06–6.18];P< 0.05]).ConclusionsHigh expression of survivin could be a prognostic factor in patients treated with NAC for AOC.

scholarly journals Effect of Sparring Training Model on Liver Enzymes and Muscle Damage in Boxers

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3S) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Ömer Kaynar
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Training Model ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Liver Region

The purpose of this study is to examine the acute effect of sparring training model on liver enzymes and muscle damage in boxers.14 voluntary athletes engaged in box (23.71±1.44 years of age; 167±5.89 cm; 62.05±8.89 kg) participated in the study. Sparring training model composed of warm-up (25 minutes), main part (30 minutes) and cool-down (15 minutes) exercises was applied to the boxers. The main theme of the study is composed of the free sub-stroke sparring training model in the liver region. Sparring training applied in the liver region and consisting of 3-minute time periods was repeated 3 times with a 1-minute interval as in the punch bag training. In venous blood samples taken from the study group before and after sparring training, AST, ALT and GGT enzyme activities and CK and LDH levels were analyzed with the spectrophotometric method in Beckman Coulter AU 5800 auto analyzer. Data were analyzed in SPSS 22.0 package program. The significance level was accepted as p<0.05 in statistical evaluations. Normal distribution of data was determined with Shapiro-Wilk test. Paired t-test was used in the statistical analysis of normally distributed data. Comparing AST, ALT, GGT, LDH and CK values of boxers before and after the training, it has been observed that there is a significant increase in AST, LDH and CK values after the training (p<0.05) and significant decrease in GGT values (p<0.05) while there is no significant difference in ALT values (p>0.05). In conclusion, it has been determined that sparring training model applied to boxers affects liver enzyme levels in them and significant increases occur in CK and LDH. More comprehensive prospective studies are required in order to establish the possible damage of punches to the liver region on liver in boxers.

Amelioration of Decline in Immune Function in Athletes after High-Intensity Training by Bovine Colostrum

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-222
Author(s):  
Zhang Haimin
Keyword(s):  
Immune Function ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Bovine Colostrum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intensive Training ◽  
High Intensity Training ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Intensity Training

Long-term high-intensity training can cause a decline in immune function in athletes. In this study, we have explored whether bovine colostrum could improve the immune function in athletes undergoing intensive training. Thirty professional athletes were randomly divided into control group and bovine colostrum group; both groups received one month of intensive training. The control group received usual colostrum-free diet and the bovine colostrum group was fed bovine colostrum-rich milk every day. The venous blood was collected from both groups before and after the treatment period. The results showed that the lymphocyte population increased significantly in the bovine colostrum group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant change in CD4+ and CD8+ in the two groups (P < 0.05), but the CD3+ and CD4+/CD8+ of the bovine colostrum group were significantly higher than those of the control group. There were significant differences in albumin, globulin and albumin/globulin ratio in the control group (P < 0.05), but not in the bovine colostrum group after training. The bovine colostrum group had lower serum albumin and albumin/globulin (P < 0.05) and higher globulin (P < 0.05) compared to the control group. There was no significant difference in immunologic indexes before and after training in both groups (P > 0.05). The decline in the markers of immune function after high-intensity training was ameliorated by the intake of bovine colostrum.

scholarly journals Surface Characteristics of Reciprocating Instruments Before and After Use - A SEM Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aida Rene Assayag Hanan ◽  
Daniely Amorin de Meireles ◽  
Emílio Carlos Sponchiado Júnior ◽  
Simone Hanan ◽  
Milton Carlos Kuga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Mechanical Preparation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Reciprocating Instruments ◽  
Descriptive Statistical Analysis

The presence of debris, defects and deformations of endodontic reciprocating instruments before and after chemical-mechanical preparation (MCP) was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The following 26 instruments were divided into 2 groups: Waveone (n=13) and Reciproc (n=13) and examined by SEM (150 x magnification) prior to canal preparation at 2 and 4 mm from the tip. The instruments were used in the preparation of mesial root canals of 26 extracted human permanent mandibular molars. The instruments were then washed in ultrasonic bath and subjected to new microscopic analysis of debris and deformation by a score that used the presence or absence of irregular edges, grooves, microcavities and burrs as criteria. After the SEM analysis and with the scores of the examiners, the collected data were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis using the Kruskall-Walis and Mann Whitney test at a 5% significance level. All instruments examined presented debris before and after use. A statistically significant difference was found for defects and deformation between the groups (p<0.05). The presence of defects and deformities was higher in the WaveOne instruments, and Reciproc instruments presented a lower rate.

scholarly journals The effect of hysteroscopic polypectomy on the concentrations of tumour necrosis factor-α in uterine flushings and serum in infertile women

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 315-321
Author(s):  
Ana Devic ◽  
Mladenko Vasiljevic ◽  
Marija Sorak ◽  
Aleksandar Devic ◽  
Ivana Rudic-Biljic-Erski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Venous Blood ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Endometrial Polyps ◽  
Infertile Women ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Introduction/Objective. The aim of this paper is to present changes of tumor necrosis factor-? (TNF-?) levels in uterine flushings and serum of infertile female patients before and after hysteroscopic polypectomy. Methods. A total of 82 infertile female patients were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups. The first group was the experimental group and comprised 56 infertile women with endometrial polyps, whereas the second group was the control group of 26 infertile women who were not diagnosed with endometrial polyps. Results. The results of this research primarily suggest that TNF-? concentrations obtained from uterine flushings and serum of infertile patients diagnosed with endometrial polyps differed before and after a surgical procedure. In the control group of patients, there was no significant difference observed regarding TNF-? concentrations in serum and uterine flushings of women without endometrial polyps. A comparison between these two groups revealed differences in TNF-? concentrations in both venous blood and uterine flushings. These differences were considered statistically significant. Conclusion. Endometrial polyps are one of the causes of higher TNF-? levels in both uterine flushings and serum.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF PROBIOTIC INTAKE ON INTESTINAL BIFIDOBACTERIA OF CELIAC PATIENTS

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia MARTINELLO ◽  
Camila Fontana ROMAN ◽  
Paula Alves de SOUZA
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Stool Culture ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Faecal Ph

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Healthy individuals exhibit a significantly higher concentration of faecal bifidobacteria in comparison to celiac patients. Even though there are potential benefits in probiotic usage, they have been little explored as an adjunctive therapy in celiac disease. OBJECTIVE This study aimed at the comparison of faecal bifidobacteria concentration and pH among celiac patients and healthy subjects before and after the daily intake of 100 g of yogurt containing probiotic for a thirty-day period. METHODS Feces from 17 healthy subjects and 14 celiac patients were analyzed, in which stool culture was performed for the isolation and quantification of faecal bifidobacteria. Furthermore, Gram’s method was employed for the microscopic analysis of the colonies, while the identification of the Bifidobacterium genus was made through determination of the fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase enzyme. Faecal pH was measured using a calibrated pHmeter. RESULTS Faecal bifidobacteria concentration before probiotic consumption was significantly higher in healthy individuals (2.3x108±6.3x107 CFU/g) when compared to celiac patients (1.0x107±1.7x107 CFU/g). Faecal pH values did not show a significant difference. After the daily consumption of probiotic-containing yogurt both groups showed a significant increase in the concentration of faecal bifidobacteria, but healthy subjects presented significantly higher bifidobacteria concentrations (14.7x108±0.2x108 CFU/g) than the celiac group (0.76x108±0.1x108 CFU/g). The obtained pH values from both groups were not significantly different, being 7.28±0.518 for the celiac patients and 7.07±0.570 for healthy individuals after the probiotic intake. CONCLUSION The probiotic supplementation significantly increased the number of bifidobacteria in the feces of celiac patients, although it was not sufficient to reach the concentration found in healthy individuals prior to its consumption.

scholarly journals PO-093 Effects of 6-week hypoxic exercise on aerobic capacity-related proteins in overweight/obese women

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Chang ◽  
Jianmin Cao ◽  
Yue Yu ◽  
Xu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Target Heart Rate ◽  
Change Rate ◽  
Overweight Women ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Hypoxic Group

Objective To explore the effects of hypoxic and normoxic exercise on hemoglobin (Hb), erythropoietin (EPO), hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in overweight women. Methods This study enrolled 40 female overweight/obese subjects, age is among 18-47 years old, with no abnormal physical examination. The overweight standard is BMI ≥ 24, and the obesity standard is BMI ≥ 28. All subjects were paired according to body weight, divided into hypoxia group and normoxia group, doing 6 weeks of exercise intervention, 3 times a week, every next day one time. The exercise intervention includes 30 minutes of strength training and 30 minutes of endurance training. There are 5 minutes of warm up before training and 5 minutes cool down after the training. Strength training uses the device as a dumbbell. The training content consists of 8 movements, there are dead lift, upright row, squat, shoulder press, calf Jump, advance junge, biceps curl and triceps extension, and the weight is 12RM. 2 sets for each action, rest between sets is 30s. Endurance training uses a treadmill with a slope of 0°, and the speed is adjusted according to the target heart rate interval. The calculation method of the target heart rate interval is (220-age)×60%～(220-age)×70%. Among them, the hypoxic group is equipped with a suction-type atmospheric hypoxic device, which moves with low-oxygen environment, and the oxygen content of the inhaled mixed gas is 16%; the normoxic group moves with normal oxygen environment. Nutritional education was given to all subjects prior before the start of exercise intervention, but diet was not restricted during the intervention. Fasting venous blood was taken before and after Fasting venous blood before and after exercise intervention intervention, and Hb, EPO, HIF1α, and VEGF were detected. All the test results were expressed by mean±standard deviation (x±SD). The data between two groups were compared by non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test. The intra-group data were compared using a nonparametric Wilcoxon match for the symbol level test, with a significance level of P < 0.05 and a very significant level of P < 0.01. Results After the intervention, the Hb level in the hypoxic group was increased, but there was no significant difference compared with the pre-intervention group (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the Hb change rate between the hypoxic group and the normoxic group (P>0.05). The EPO level in the hypoxic group was significantly increased, and there was a statistically significant difference compared with the pre-intervention group (P<0.01). There was no significant change in the EPO level in the normoxic group (P>0.05). The EPO change rate in the hypoxic group was compared with the normoxic group. There was no statistical difference (P>0.05). The level of HIF1α in the hypoxic group was significantly higher than that before the intervention (P<0.01). The level of HIF1α in the normoxic group was significantly lower than that before the intervention (P<0.01). The rate of change of HIF1α in the oxygen group was statistically different from that in the normox group (P<0.01). The level of VEGF in the hypoxic group was increased, but the level of VEGF in the normoxic group was decreased, but there was no significant difference compared with the pre-intervention group (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the rate of VEGF in the hypoxic group compared with the normoxic group(P>0.05). Conclusions Compared with normotensive exercise, 6-week exercise increased the levels of Hb and EPO in overweight women, but the difference between hypoxia and normoxia was not significant. The level of HIF1α in the hypoxic group was increased, and the level of HIF1α in the normoxic group was decreased. This index was significantly affected by hypoxia. The level of VEGF in the hypoxic group was increased, and the level of VEGF in the normoxic group was decreased, but the effects of hypoxia and exercise were not obvious.

Markers of Hemostatic Activation in Affected Coronary Arteries during Angioplasty

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (05) ◽  
pp. 672-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas W Shammas ◽  
Michael J Cunningham ◽  
Richard M Pomearntz ◽  
Charles W Francis
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Balloon Inflation ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Hemostatic System ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hemostatic Markers ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
High Doses

SummaryTo characterize the extent of early activation of the hemostatic system following angioplasty, we obtained blood samples from the involved coronary artery of 11 stable angina patients during the procedure and measured sensitive markers of thrombin formation (fibrino-peptide A, prothrombin fragment 1.2, and soluble fibrin) and of platelet activation ((3-thromboglobulin). Levels of hemostatic markers in venous blood obtained from 14 young individuals with low pretest probability for coronary artery disease were not significantly different from levels in venous blood or intracoronary samples obtained prior to angioplasty. Also, there was no translesional (proximal and distal to the lesion) gradient in any of the hemostatic markers before or after angioplasty in samples obtained between 18 and 21 min from the onset of the first balloon inflation. Furthermore, no significant difference was noted between angioplasty and postangioplasty intracoronary concentrations. We conclude that intracoronary hemostatic activation does not occur in the majority of patients during and immediately following coronary angioplasty when high doses of heparin and aspirin are administered.

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