Campbell Biology in Focus. By Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson, and Jane B. Reece. Boston (Massachusetts): Pearson. $146.67. xxxix + 905 p.; ill. + A-1 - A-34; B-1; C-1; D-1; E-1 - E-2; F-1 - F-3; CR-1 - CR-6; G-1 - G-34; I-1 - I-48 (index). ISBN: 978-0-321-81380-0. 2014.

2013 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-242
Keyword(s):  
G 34

Functional Group Manipulations

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Jack Li ◽  
Chris Limberakis ◽  
Derek A. Pflum
Keyword(s):  
Column Chromatography ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Lithium Bromide ◽  
Methyl Methanesulfonate ◽  
Organic Layer ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
Organic Extracts ◽  
Aqueous Layer ◽  
G 34

CBr4–Ph3P is very straightforward and widely used. Workup and purification can be messy at times because of the by-product, Ph3PO. To a mixture of the alcohol (0.800 g, 3.36 mmol) and carbon tetrabromide (1.337 g, 4.03 mmol) in CH2Cl2 at 0 ºC was added a solution of PPh3 (1.319 g, 5.03 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (3 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h, concentrated under reduced pressure, and purified by column chromatography to afford the bromide (0.941 g, 93% yield). Reference: Hu, T.-S.; Yu, Q.; Wu, Y.-L.; Wu, Y. J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66, 853–861. A two-step sequence consisting of mesylate formation followed by treatment with LiBr can also be used. This procedure involves two steps, but workup and purification are very straightforward. The bromide can be carried out to the next step without further purification in many cases. To a solution of 5-hydroxymethyl-1-methylcyclopentene (3.8 g, 34 mmol) in CH2 Cl2 (50 mL) at 0 ºC was added triethylamine (5.2 mL, 37 mmol) followed by methanesulfonyl chloride (2.9 mL, 37 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 0 ºC for 5 h and then water was added. The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with ether. The combined organic extracts were dried over MgSO4 and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to give 6.4 g (98%) of (2-methylcyclopent-2- enyl)methyl methanesulfonate, which was used in the next step without further purification. A solution containing the mesylate (6.4 g, 34 mmol) in acetone (70 mL) was treated with lithium bromide (8.89 g, 102 mmol). The mixture was heated at reflux for 6 h, cooled to room temperature, diluted with water, extracted with ether, and the combined ethereal extracts were dried over MgSO4. Removal of the solvent under reduced pressure gave 4.6 g (78%) of 5-bromomethyl-1-methylcyclopentene, which was used in the next step without further purification.

scholarly journals Stimulation of DNA Synthesis by Big and Little Gastrin (G-34 and G-17)

1976 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard R. Johnson ◽  
Paul D. Guthrie
Keyword(s):  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
G 34 ◽  
Stimulation Of

Meal-synchronized CEA in rats: effects of meal size, intragastric feeding, and subdiaphragmatic vagotomy

1999 ◽  
Vol 276 (5) ◽  
pp. R1276-R1288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesley White ◽  
Gary J. Schwartz ◽  
Timothy H. Moran
Keyword(s):  
Meal Size ◽  
Vagal Activity ◽  
Subdiaphragmatic Vagotomy ◽  
Feeding Cycle ◽  
Induce Activity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Afferent Vagal ◽  
G 34 ◽  
Nutrient Infusion ◽  
Intact Rats

Within a feeding schedule of intermittent food access, large meals have the ability to induce activity at the same time the next day [circadian ensuing activity (CEA)]. In these experiments, we evaluated the minimum meal size necessary to induce CEA and whether oral-pharyngeal factors and afferent vagal activity played necessary roles in the induction of the underlying process. In experiment 1, every 33 h rats were given two meals separated by a 2-h interval. The size of the first meal was varied, while total intake every feeding cycle was held constant. When the initial meal was <10 g (34 kcal) CEA occurred later, indicating that such a meal size was subthreshold for inducing CEA. In experiment 2, rats were given intragastric (IG) meals every 33 h, before and after complete subdiaphragmatic vagotomy. IG nutrient meals induced CEA, indicating that extensive oral-pharyngeal experience was not necessary for CEA induction. CEA occurred in vagotomized rats but, compared with intact rats, appeared to occur later relative to nutrient infusion, indicating that afferent vagal activity may be sufficient but not necessary to induce CEA.

A Single Nuclease-Resistant Linkage in DNA as a Versatile Tool for the Characterization of DNA Lesions: Application to the Guanine Oxidative Lesion “G+34” Generated by Metalloporphyrin/KHSO5 Reagent

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 2505-2512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Tomaszewska ◽  
Sophie Mourgues ◽  
Piotr Guga ◽  
Barbara Nawrot ◽  
Geneviève Pratviel
Keyword(s):  
Dna Lesions ◽  
Versatile Tool ◽  
G 34

Hyperparathyroid glands contain G-17 and G-34 gastrin

1986 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Fabri ◽  
William R. Gower ◽  
Collin Weber ◽  
Steven Tuttle
Keyword(s):  
G 34

scholarly journals Ocorrência de Salmonella e coliformes de origem fecal na canela em pó (Cinnamomum cassia Blume a Cinnamomum zeylanicum Nees) comercializada em Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil

1995 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 624-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Maria de S. Philippi ◽  
Eliane Moretto
Keyword(s):  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Cinnamomum Zeylanicum ◽  
Cinnamomum Cassia ◽  
G 34

Cem amostras de canela em pó de dez marcas diferentes comercializadas na cidade de Florianópolis, SC, foram submetidas à análise microbiológica, pesquisando-se Salmonella e coliformes de origem fecal. Em nenhuma amostra foi detectada Salmonella. Coliformes de origem fecal foram encontrados entre os valores <3 a 2.400 NMP/g. Das amostras analisadas, 63% apresentaram valores de <3 NMP/g; 34% apresentaram valores entre 3 e 100 NMP/g, limite este permitido pela legislação brasileira em vigor; e 3% apresentaram valores superiores a 100 NMP/g. A presença de coliformes de origem fecal foi detectada em 37% das amostras de canela em pó.

Mucosal gastrin receptor. IV. Binding specificity

1980 ◽  
Vol 239 (5) ◽  
pp. G395-G399 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Takeuchi ◽  
G. R. Speir ◽  
L. R. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Binding Specificity ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Gastrin Receptor ◽  
Biological Potency ◽  
G 34 ◽  
Oxyntic Gland

We used membrane preparations of rat oxyntic gland mucosa to test the binding of various gastrin analogues to the gastrin receptor. Using [125I]15-Leu G-17 as a marker, a concentration of 4 X 10(-9) M unlabeled G-17 inhibited binding 50%. The tetra-, penta-, and hexapeptides of gastrin caused similar 50% inhibitions of binding at concentrations of 1 X 10(-7) M, 3 X 10(-8) M, and 7 X 10(-9) M, respectively. The heptapeptide caused only slightly less inhibition than G-17, whereas the decapeptide was equivalent in potency. Neither the G-17 nor G-34 that had the active tetrapeptide removed caused 50% inhibition of binding. When compared to G-17, these analogues produced only a 25% inhibition of binding at concentrations of 10(-8) M. We also failed to inhibit binding more than 25% when we used an analogue that had the amide removed from the C-terminal phenylalanine. Atropine, metiamide, and mepyramine did not alter the binding of gastrin to receptor. The results of binding specificity approximate the changes in biological potency associated with these compounds. This study adds further support that the gastrin receptor in question is responsible for the physiological effects of the hormone.

scholarly journals Finite Groups Having Exactly 34 Elements of Maximal Order

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 5195-5197
Author(s):  
Zhangjia Han ◽  
Chao Yang
Keyword(s):  
Finite Group ◽  
Finite Groups ◽  
Maximal Order ◽  
G 34 ◽  
A Finite Group

Let G be a finite group, M(G) denotes the number of elements of maximal order of G. In this note a finite group G with M(G) = 34 is determined.

Coniella diplodiella. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. C. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
New South ◽  
Plasmopara Viticola ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Mechanical Wounding ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Vineyard Soil ◽  
G 34

Abstract A description is provided for Coniella diplodiella. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Vitis vinifera. Also on Hymenocardia acida (Herb. IMI). DISEASE: White rot (coitre or hail disease) of vine. Chiefly on fruit but also causing 'pedicel lameness' in fruit stalks and injury to shoots, stem and leaves. Lesions on leaves are marginal, irregular, with the centre various shades of brown, becoming lighter towards the diffuse edge, up to 4 cm diam. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Algeria, Nigeria, Tanzania); Asia (China, India, Japan, Turkey); Australasia & Oceania (New South Wales); Europe (Austria, Bulgaria, France, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Rumania, Spain, Switzerland, U.S.S.R., Yugoslavia); North America (Canada, United States); South America (Brazil, Uruguay). (CMI Map. 335) TRANSMISSION: By soil splashed on grapes by hail. In addition to wounds following damage by hail, sun scorch, mechanical wounding and attack by mildew, Plasmopara viticola, also provide infection courts (8: 482; 40: 647). Where hailstorms are frequent the vineyard soil may become infested from fallen rotten fruit and contain up to 2, 000 spores/g (34: 276). The pathogen remains viable for 2-3 yr on berries both in the soil and in the air, whilst stored material of pycnidia and spores have retained their viability and virulence for 16 yr (16: 152). Also spread on implements used for cutting bunches (6: 76).

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