scholarly journals Evolution of Helping and Harming in Viscous Populations When Group Size Varies

2013 ◽  
Vol 181 (5) ◽  
pp. 609-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
António M. M. Rodrigues ◽  
Andy Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Viscous Populations

An ecological basis for large group size in Colobus angolensis in the Nyungwe Forest, Rwanda

2001 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl Fimbel ◽  
Amy Vedder ◽  
Ellen Dierenfeld ◽  
Felix Mulindahabi
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Large Group ◽  
Colobus Angolensis ◽  
Ecological Basis

Bystanders, Group Size and the Informal Regulation of Violence

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Levine ◽  
Rachel Best ◽  
Paul Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Informal Regulation

Conformity and group size.

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (1, Pt.1) ◽  
pp. 79-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold B. Gerard ◽  
Roland A. Wilhelmy ◽  
Edward S. Conolley
Keyword(s):  
Group Size

Effects of group-size-floor space allowance during the nursery phase of production on growth, physiology, and hematology in replacement gilts

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
S. R. Callahan ◽  
A. J. Cross ◽  
A. E. DeDecker ◽  
M. D. Lindemann ◽  
M. J. Estienne
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Growth Physiology ◽  
Floor Space

Subjective Fear Dilutes as Group Size Increases

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
dean mobbs ◽  
Ellen Tedeschi ◽  
Anastasia Buyalskaya ◽  
Brian Silston
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Real World ◽  
Survival Benefit ◽  
Group Living ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Threat Perception ◽  
Perception Of Threat ◽  
Threat Level ◽  
Internal States ◽  
Risk Dilution

According to Hamilton’s Selfish Herd Theory, a crucial survival benefit of group living is that it provides a ‘risk dilution’ function against predation. Despite a large literature on group living benefits in animals, few studies have been conducted on how group size alters subjective fear or threat perception in humans, and on what factors drive preferences for being in groups when facing threats. We conducted seven experiments (N=3,838) to test (A) if the presence of others decreases perception of threat under a variety of conditions. In studies 1 to 3, we experimentally manipulated group size in hypothetical and real-world situations, to show that fear responses decreased as group size increased. In studies 4 to 7 we again used a combination of hypothetical, virtual and real-world decisions to test (B) how internal states (e.g. anxiety) and external factors (e.g. threat level, availability of help) affected participants’ preference for groups. Participants consistently chose larger groups when threat and anxiety were high. Overall, our findings show that group size provides a salient signal of protection and safety.

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