Contribution of a Winged Phlebotomy Device Design to Blood Splatter

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 1069-1076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna J. Haiduven ◽  
Christine McGuire-Wolfe ◽  
Shawn P. Applegarth
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Device Design ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Intravascular Devices ◽  
Ocular Exposure ◽  
Injury Protection ◽  
Sharps Injury ◽  
The Impact

Background.Despite a proliferation of phlebotomy devices with engineered sharps injury protection (ESIP), the impact of various winged device designs on blood splatter occurring during venipuncture procedures has not been explored.Objectives.To evaluate the potential for blood splatter of 6 designs of winged phlebotomy devices.Design.A laboratory-based device evaluation without human subjects, using a simulated patient venous system.Methods.We evaluated 18 winged phlebotomy devices of 6 device designs by Terumo, BD Vacutainer (2 designs), Greiner, Smith Medical, and Kendall (designated A-F, respectively). Scientific filters were positioned around the devices and weighed before and after venipuncture was performed. Visible blood on filters, exam gloves, and devices and measurable blood splatter were the primary units of analysis.Results.The percentages of devices and gloves with visible blood on them and filters with measurable blood splatter ranged from 0% to 20%. There was a statistically significant association between device design and visible blood on devices (P< .0001) and between device design and filters with measurable blood splatter (P< .0001), but not between device design and visible blood on gloves. A wide range of associations were demonstrated between device design and visible blood on gloves or devices and incidence of blood splatter.Conclusions.The results of this evaluation suggest that winged phlebotomy devices with ESIP may produce blood splatter during venipuncture. Reinforcing the importance of eye protection and developing a methodology to assess ocular exposure to blood splatter are major implications for healthcare personnel who use these devices. Future studies should focus on evaluating different designs of intravascular devices (intravenous catheters, other phlebotomy devices) for blood splatter.

scholarly journals ‘If a fight starts, watch the crowd’: The effect of violence on popular support for social movements

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordi Muñoz ◽  
Eva Anduiza
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Popular Support ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Street Violence ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

Social movements often face tactic diversification. In otherwise nonviolent movements, some groups or radical flanks may resort to violent actions such as street rioting. This article analyzes the impact that these violent episodes can have on popular support for the movement as a whole. To estimate the causal effect of violence, it exploits an unexpected riot outbreak that occurred during the fieldwork of a face-to-face survey in Barcelona in May 2016, led by a squat group linked to the anti-austerity movement known as the 15-M or indignados that emerged during the financial crisis. By comparing respondents interviewed before and after the riots, it finds that the street violence episode reduced support for the 15-M movement by 12 percentage points on average. However, the magnitude of the effect is highly conditional on the respondents’ predispositions towards the movement. Core supporters, that are expected to share the frame of the movement in justifying violent actions, are the least affected by the violent outbreak. On the other extreme, weak supporters, opposers, and non-aligned citizens reduce their support to a larger extent. Results are robust to different specifications and a wide range of robustness checks. These findings have potentially important implications for movements concerned with broadening their support base.

Understanding the Equity Consequences of School-Finance Reform

1978 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Friedman ◽  
Michael Wiseman
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
School Finance ◽  
Finance Reform ◽  
School Finance Reform ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Before And After ◽  
School Financing ◽  
Empirical Tests ◽  
The Impact

In this essay, Lee S. Friedman and Michael Wiseman discuss the economic, legal,and logical implications of school-financing methods now practiced in several states, including Illinois, New York, and California. Examining the Serrano case in California, the authors contend that an important inconsistency in the court requirements resulted from the apparent failure of both the courts and the legislatures to specify the logical relationships between several competing concepts of equality. To this end, Friedman and Wiseman provide a logical analysis of several concepts needed to measure the fair distribution of school revenues and resources. Using Illinois as a case study, they then construct empirical tests for each of those concepts both before and after the Hoffman-Fawell reform in school financing. Those data, finally, are used to suggest an analytic framework that can be employed for evaluating and perhaps predicting the impact of school-finance reforms on a wide range of state systems.

Fasting in healthy subjects is associated with intrahepatic accumulation of lipids as assessed by 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy

2008 ◽  
Vol 114 (8) ◽  
pp. 547-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Moller ◽  
Hans Stodkilde-Jorgensen ◽  
Finn T. Jensen ◽  
Jens O. L. Jorgensen
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Fasting Period ◽  
1H Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Intrahepatic Lipid ◽  
The Impact

The impact of fasting on IHL (intrahepatic lipid) content in human subjects has not been investigated previously, but results indicate that it may change rapidly in response to metabolic cues. The aim of the present study was to measure IHL content after fasting and to correlate this with circulating lipid intermediates. A total of eight healthy non-obese young males were studied before and after 12 or 36 h of fasting. IHL content was assessed by 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and blood samples were drawn after the fasting period. IHL content increased significantly after the 36 h fasting period [median increase 156% (range, 4–252%); P<0.05]. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation between this increase and 3-hydroxybutyrate concentration was detected (P=0.03). No significant change in IHL content was demonstrated after the 12 h fasting period. The baseline median inter-individual variation in IHLs was 0.51% (range, 0.25–0.72%). The coefficient of variation of IHL measurements was 11.6%; 25–30% of the variation was of analytical origin and the remaining 70–75% was attributed to repositioning. In conclusion, IHL content increases in healthy male subjects during fasting, which demonstrates that nutritional status should be accounted for when assessing IHLs in clinical studies. Moreover, the increase in IHLs was positively correlated with the concentration of 3-hydroxybutyrate.

scholarly journals The Effect of a Holistic School Improvement Model in Enhancing School Effectiveness in Oman

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (Number 2) ◽  
pp. 187-200
Author(s):  
Abdo Mohamed Al-Mekhlafi ◽  
Mohamed El Tahir Osman
Keyword(s):  
School Improvement ◽  
School Performance ◽  
School Effectiveness ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group

Purpose - This study examined the impact of a holistic school improvement model on overall school effectiveness, More specifically, it attempted to answer two questions: 1) Are there any significant differences in school performance between the control group and the experimental group before and after the experiment? 2) Is there any significant improvement in the experimental group school effectiveness before and after the experiment? Methodology - As a part of a four-year longitudinal research project, the study used a quasi experimental research design to examine the impact of a holistic school improvement model on enhancing overall school effectiveness in Oman. The sample consisted of 16 intact classes selected from 8 schools (4 experimental and 4 control groups), with a total of 2378 students (1157 from grade nine classes and 1221 from grade seven classes). The experimental group schools were exposed to a wide range of school improvement activities within a four-year period. A series of workshops on activating the 13 elements of the Innovation Sustainability Wheel (ISW) were delivered to all administrators and teachers at the target experimental group schools, in addition to empowering students through enrichment programs in five subject areas. Data was collected from the Omani Ministry of Education school performance indicators, which included five subject matter achievement tests aggregated over three years. Findings - The study revealed significant differences in overall school performance across the four years between the control and experimental schools, in favour of the experimental group. Moreover, a significant progression of school effectiveness was observed in the two grade levels of the experimental group. Significance - The findings are significant in terms of providing educational systems with a workable mechanism for identifying key areas of weaknesses and means of improvement; establishing a chain of actions for activating all interrelated elements that act as driving forces for sustainable change; ensuring that the indicators of school improvement should include both operational processes and students’ learning outcomes; and contributing to the knowledge base in the area of school improvement in terms of a research-based model that has potential implications for practitioners and policy makers.

scholarly journals The Impact of Policy Changes, Dedicated Funding and Implementation Support on Early Intervention Programs for Psychosis

2022 ◽  
pp. 070674372110657
Author(s):  
Bastian Bertulies-Esposito ◽  
Srividya Iyer ◽  
Amal Abdel-Baki
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Early Intervention ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Interdisciplinary Teams ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Implementation Support ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

Introduction Early intervention services for psychosis (EIS) are associated with improved clinical and economic outcomes. In Quebec, clinicians led the development of EIS from the late 1980s until 2017 when the provincial government announced EIS-specific funding, implementation support and provincial standards. This provides an interesting context to understand the impacts of policy commitments on EIS. Our primary objective was to describe the implementation of EIS three years after this increased political involvement. Methods This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 2020 through a 161-question online survey, modeled after our team's earlier surveys, on the following themes: program characteristics, accessibility, program operations, clinical services, training/supervision, and quality assurance. Descriptive statistics were performed. When relevant, we compared data on programs founded before and after 2017. Results Twenty-eight of 33 existing EIS completed the survey. Between 2016 and 2020, the proportion of Quebec's population having access to EIS rose from 46% to 88%; >1,300 yearly admissions were reported by surveyed EIS, surpassing governments’ epidemiological estimates. Most programs set accessibility targets; adopted inclusive intake criteria and an open referral policy; engaged in education of referral sources. A wide range of biopsychosocial interventions and assertive outreach were offered by interdisciplinary teams. Administrative/organisational components were less widely implemented, such as clinical/administrative data collection, respecting recommended patient-to-case manager ratios and quality assurance. Conclusion Increased governmental implementation support including dedicated funding led to widespread implementation of good-quality, accessible EIS. Though some differences were found between programs founded before and after 2017, there was no overall discernible impact of year of implementation. Persisting challenges to collecting data may impede monitoring, data-informed decision-making, and quality improvement. Maintaining fidelity and meeting provincial standards may prove challenging as programs mature and adapt to their catchment area's specificities and as caseloads increase. Governmental incidence estimates may need recalculation considering recent epidemiological data.

scholarly journals Perbandingan Pengetahuan Remaja Tentang Dampak Kehamilan pada Remaja Sebelum dan Sesudah Diberikan Pendidikan Kesehatan Reproduksi Melalui Media Video

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
Firda Thursyana ◽  
Puspa Sari ◽  
Merry Wijaya
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Teenage Pregnancy ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

A wide range of sexual and reproductive health problems occur among adolescents. The issue is high on teenage pregnancy on nowadays are teenagers. Based on studies of teenage pregnancies in Sumedang-related parenting parents, the influence of friends and dating, as well as media exposure information. This study aims to compare the knowledge of teenagers before and after the given health education about the impact of pregnancy on teens through the medium of video. The methods used in this research was quasi experimental research method with the concept of one group pre test and post test design. Development by way of doing a one time measurement before and after health education was given. Sampling is done using a stratified random sampling technique. The number of samples that used as many as 52 respondents ages 17-19 years as a schoolgirl SMAN Jatinangor. Instrument research using questionnaires with retrieving the data directly. This research using univariate analysis and bivariat with kolmogorov-smirnov test for normality and Wilcoxon test. Research time on July 28, 2016. The results of this research is that before health education 71.2% of respondents knowledgeable enough and after health education changed to 94.2% respondents have knowledge well. There is a difference of knowledge teenagers before and after health education is provided through video on the impacts of teenage pregnancies with p value 0.000.   Summary of the research is given after the teenager's knowledge of health education through the medium of video is higher than before given health education through the medium of video.

scholarly journals Effect of Accelerated Ageing on the Mechanical and Structural Properties of the Material System Used in Protectors

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Longina Madej-Kiełbik ◽  
Katarzyna Kośla ◽  
Dorota Zielińska ◽  
Edyta Chmal-Fudali ◽  
Magdalena Maciejewska
Keyword(s):  
Structural Properties ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Accelerated Ageing ◽  
Material System ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mechanical And Structural Properties ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Impact

Currently, there is a wide range of materials for motorcyclists available on the market that have a significant ability to absorb impact energy. Understanding the aging processes of materials is crucial for guaranteeing the long-term durability and safety of a new product. For this reason, the effect of accelerated aging on the mechanical and structural properties of the multifunctional materials used in commercial protectors was analyzed. The accelerated aging considered in this study simulated 3 years of use under real conditions. Then, DMTA and FT-IR research, as well as impact tests, were carried out on the commercially available protectors for motorcyclists, before and after the accelerated aging processes. Structural analysis using FT-IR showed no significant changes in the structure of the polymers used for producing the protectors. The DMA test results are consistent with those obtained from the impact study. Both methods showed that the samples maintain their protective properties, after accelerated aging. All of the examined protectors show that an increase in force is transferred through the sample, after the accelerated aging processes, but they still provide protection, according to the ISO standard.

scholarly journals Finishing Properties of Poly Urethane Coating on Bleached and Ammonia Fumigated Mango Wood Surface

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-67
Author(s):  
Sonia Panigrahi ◽  
Sandeep Rout ◽  
Gyanaranjan Sahoo ◽  
Sachin Gupta ◽  
V. S. Kishan Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Film Thickness ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Fumigation Chamber ◽  
Coated Surface ◽  
The Impact

Aims: The impact of bleaching chemicals on the gloss and film thicknesses of poly urethane (PU) coated surface of mango wood (Mangifera indica) with ammonia fumigation and an exposure towards sunlight was investigated Study Design:  Thirty six wood samples of size 10.6 cm (length) C 7.62 cm (width) were prepared from 2.5 cm thick kiln dried mango wood (Mangifera indica). Specimens were divided into six groups, each group having 6 samples for the study. Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was carried out in year 2016 at the Laboratory of Forest Product Division, Forest  Research Institute, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India. Methodology: All the samples were sanded with 80 grit size sand paper and coated with poly urethane.  Two chemicals were used for bleaching purpose like an aqueous solution of oxalic acid (H2C2O4) was prepared with 30% concentration (by mixing 42.9 g of the solute in 100 ml of hot water) and a commercially available Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was used as such (30%). For the purpose of bleaching, these chemicals were applied on to the sanded surfaces using brush at room temperature. The bleached sample surfaces were allowed to dry before proceeding to the next step. The PU (Poly Urethane) coated samples were treated with ammonia fumigation before and after bleached with the two chemicals. Ammonia fumigation was carried out in a fumigation chamber for 24 hours for all the samples (except T1). Results: On exposure to natural sunlight for 60 hours, all the samples showed reduction in film thickness in PU coating but in a wide range of 2.8 % to 11.4%. The highest loss of coating thickness was shown by samples which were neither fumigated nor bleached. Among the fumigated samples, those bleached with oxalic acid resulted in high film thickness loss. Samples bleached with hydrogen peroxide after ammonia fumigation resulted in least film thickness reduction. Both ammonia fumigation and bleaching in general brought down the original gloss of poly urethane coating. The gloss value reduced as expected on exposure to sunlight. Bleaching by hydrogen peroxide prior to ammonia fumigation resulted in highest loss in gloss     Conclusion: The un-fumigated and unbleached surface resulted in minimum gloss reduction due to long exposure to sunlight.

Strategic Role of Zakat in Multidimensional Quality of Life in Sijunjung, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-72
Author(s):  
Herlin Hamimi ◽  
Abdul Ghafar Ismail ◽  
Muhammad Hasbi Zaenal
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Wealth Distribution ◽  
Absolute Poverty ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Status ◽  
Being There ◽  
The Impact

Zakat is one of the five pillars of Islam which has a function of faith, social and economic functions. Muslims who can pay zakat are required to give at least 2.5 per cent of their wealth. The problem of poverty prevalent in disadvantaged regions because of the difficulty of access to information and communication led to a gap that is so high in wealth and resources. The instrument of zakat provides a paradigm in the achievement of equitable wealth distribution and healthy circulation. Zakat potentially offers a better life and improves the quality of human being. There is a human quality improvement not only in economic terms but also in spiritual terms such as improving religiousity. This study aims to examine the role of zakat to alleviate humanitarian issues in disadvantaged regions such as Sijunjung, one of zakat beneficiaries and impoverished areas in Indonesia. The researcher attempted a Cibest method to capture the impact of zakat beneficiaries before and after becoming a member of Zakat Community Development (ZCD) Program in material and spiritual value. The overall analysis shows that zakat has a positive impact on disadvantaged regions development and enhance the quality of life of the community. There is an improvement in the average of mustahik household incomes after becoming a member of ZCD Program. Cibest model demonstrates that material, spiritual, and absolute poverty index decreased by 10, 5, and 6 per cent. Meanwhile, the welfare index is increased by 21 per cent. These findings have significant implications for developing the quality of life in disadvantaged regions in Sijunjung. Therefore, zakat is one of the instruments to change the status of disadvantaged areas to be equivalent to other areas.

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