Mechanisms of Life History Evolution: The Genetics and Physiology of Life History Traits and Trade-Offs. Edited by Thomas Flatt and Andreas Heyland. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. $144.00 (hardcover); $79.95 (paper). xxv + 478 p.; ill.; index. ISBN: 978-0-19-956876-5 (hc); 978-0-19-956877-2 (pb). 2011.

2012 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-256
Author(s):  
Mark Viney
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Life History Evolution ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
History Evolution ◽  
Oxford University Press

scholarly journals Evolution of pleiotropic alleles for maturation and size as a consequence of predation

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra L Basolo
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Life History Evolution ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Xiphophorus Maculatus ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Extensive Information ◽  
History Evolution ◽  
The Cost

Understanding life-history evolution requires knowledge about genetic interactions, physiological mechanisms and the nature of selection. For platyfish, Xiphophorus maculatus , extensive information is available about genetic and physiological mechanisms influencing life-history traits. In particular, alleles at the pituitary locus have large and antagonistic effects on age and size at sexual maturation. To examine how predation affects the evolution of these antagonistic traits, I examined pituitary allele evolution in experimental populations differing in predation risk. A smaller size, earlier maturation allele increased in frequency when predators were absent, while a larger size, later maturation allele increased in frequency when predators were present. Thus, predation favours alleles for larger size, at the cost of later maturation and reproduction. These findings are interesting for several reasons. First, predation is often predicted to favour early reproduction at smaller sizes. Second, few studies have shown how selection acts on alleles that affect age and size at sexual maturation. Finally, many studies assume that trade-offs between these life-history traits result from antagonistic pleiotropy, with alleles that positively affect one trait negatively affecting another, yet this is rarely known. This study unequivocally demonstrates that genetically based trade-offs affect life-history evolution in platyfish.

scholarly journals Life‐history evolution in the anthropocene: effects of increasing nutrients on traits and trade‐offs

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 635-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilie Snell‐Rood ◽  
Rickey Cothran ◽  
Anne Espeset ◽  
Punidan Jeyasingh ◽  
Sarah Hobbie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Evolution ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
History Evolution

Trade-Offs in Life-History Evolution

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 259 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Stearns
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Evolution ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
History Evolution

scholarly journals Reactive oxygen species as universal constraints in life-history evolution

2009 ◽  
Vol 276 (1663) ◽  
pp. 1737-1745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damian K. Dowling ◽  
Leigh W. Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Life History ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Life History Evolution ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Evolution

Evolutionary theory is firmly grounded on the existence of trade-offs between life-history traits, and recent interest has centred on the physiological mechanisms underlying such trade-offs. Several branches of evolutionary biology, particularly those focusing on ageing, immunological and sexual selection theory, have implicated reactive oxygen species (ROS) as profound evolutionary players. ROS are a highly reactive group of oxygen-containing molecules, generated as common by-products of vital oxidative enzyme complexes. Both animals and plants appear to intentionally harness ROS for use as molecular messengers to fulfil a wide range of essential biological processes. However, at high levels, ROS are known to exert very damaging effects through oxidative stress. For these reasons, ROS have been suggested to be important mediators of the cost of reproduction, and of trade-offs between metabolic rate and lifespan, and between immunity, sexual ornamentation and sperm quality. In this review, we integrate the above suggestions into one life-history framework, and review the evidence in support of the contention that ROS production will constitute a primary and universal constraint in life-history evolution.

Life history evolution in heterogeneous environments: a review of theory

1996 ◽  
Vol 351 (1345) ◽  
pp. 1349-1359 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Evolution ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Heterogeneous Environments ◽  
Simulation Studies ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Fitness Measures ◽  
History Evolution ◽  
Common Garden Experiments

Analysis of life history evolution in spatially heterogeneous environments was revolutionized by the demonstration by Kawecki & Stearns (1993) and Houston & McNamara (1992) that earlier treatments had used incorrect fitness measures. The implications of this for the analysis of organisms with and without phenotypic plasticity are reviewed. It is shown that analyses ignoring age structure can give misleading results. The plausibility and implications of the assumptions are discussed, and suggestions are made for further work. The usefulness of reciprocal transplant and common garden experiments, in providing information relevant to the assumptions and predictions, is emphasized. Two simulation studies show that life history evolution in temporally heterogeneous environments in which trade-offs are fixed are well predicted by Schaffer’s (1974) model, with modification for asymmetric variations as necessary. Unfortunately the period of study needed to observe such effects is so long as to preclude experimental tests for most organsims.

scholarly journals Life-history evolution of class-structured populations in fluctuating environments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien Lion ◽  
Sylvain Gandon
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Life History Evolution ◽  
Structured Populations ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Selection Gradients ◽  
Evolution Of Life ◽  
History Evolution

AbstractWhat is the influence of periodic environmental fluctuations on life-history evolution? We present a general theoretical framework to understand and predict the long-term evolution of life-history traits under a broad range of ecological scenarios. Indeed, this analysis yields time-varying selection gradients that help dissect the influence of the fluctuations of the environment on the competitive ability of a specific life-history mutation. We use this framework to analyse the evolution of key life-history traits of pathogens, such as transmission and virulence. These examples reveal how periodic fluctuations of the environment can affect the evolution of pathogens, and illustrate the usefulness and broad applicability of this new approach.

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