Staphylococcus aureus Colonization before Infection Is Not Associated with Mortality among S. aureus-infected Patients: A Meta-analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 796-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marin L. Schweizer ◽  
Ann Bossen ◽  
Jennifer S. McDanel ◽  
Leslie K. Dennis
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Attributable Mortality ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

Background and Objective.The literature is conflicted as to whether people colonized with Staphylococcus aureus are at an increased risk of mortality. The aim of this meta-analysis was to review and analyze the current literature to determine whether prior history of S. aureus colonization is associated with mortality among S. aureus-infected patients.Methods.The PUBMED databases were searched with keywords related to S. aureus colonization and mortality. After reviewing 380 article abstracts and 59 articles in detail, only 7 studies had data on the association between S. aureus colonization and mortality among S. aureus-infected patients. Crude estimates of study odds ratios (ORs) were calculated on the basis of data from subset analyses. We pooled crude ORs from the 7 studies using a random-effects model. Woolf's test for heterogeneity was assessed.Results.When all studies were pooled in a random-effects model, no association between S. aureus colonization and mortality among S. aureus-infected patients was seen (pooled OR, 1.08 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.32–3.66]; n = 7; heterogeneity P = .05). When the analyses were restricted to infection-attributable mortality, the association between colonization and mortality among S. aureus-infected patients was not statistically significant (pooled OR, 0.42 [95% CI, 0.15–1.21]; n = 4; heterogeneity P = .28).Conclusions.S. aureus colonization was not associated with mortality among patients who developed an S. aureus infection. Interventions to decolonize S. aureus carriers may prevent S. aureus infections but may not be sufficient to prevent mortality.

scholarly journals Laparoscopic Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass in Elderly Patients (60 Years or Older): A Meta-Analysis of Comparative Studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Giordano ◽  
M. Victorzon
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Excess Weight Loss ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Younger Patients ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Remission Rates

Background and Aims: Elderly patient might experience an increased risk of complications after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. We aimed to perform a meta-analysis of comparative studies on this issue in patients aged 60 years or older. Material and Methods: A systematic literature search was performed. Medline, Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched until July 2016 for studies on outcomes of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in elderly versus younger patients. Primary outcomes were mortality and overall complications. Secondary outcomes were length of hospital stay, excess weight loss percentage, effect on diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and obstructive sleep apnea. Heterogeneity across the studies was evaluated by the I2 test, and a random effects model was used. Results were expressed as mean difference and risk ratio (RR). Results: Seven studies involving 3128 patients were retrieved and included in this study. A significantly increased risk of mortality and overall complications was observed among patients older than 60 years compared with younger ones (RR, 6.12; 95% confidence interval 1.08–34.83; p = 0.04; RR, 1.51; 95% confidence interval 1.07–2.11; p = 0.02). Particularly, elderly patients experienced 1% increased risk of mortality and 3% increased risk of overall complications. Length of stay, diabetes, and obstructive sleep apnea remission rates were similar among the groups. Excess weight loss percentage was significantly greater among younger patients (mean difference, −3.44; 95% confidence interval −5.20, −1.68; p < 0.001), as were hypertension (RR, 0.57; 95% confidence interval 0.42–0.76; p < 0.001) and hyperlipidemia (RR, 0.61; 95% confidence interval 0.45–0.83; p = 0.002) remission rates. Conclusion: Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in patients older than 60 years may be a risky bariatric surgery operation due to higher complications and mortality and may not be as effective as in patients younger than 60 years. Thus, older patients should be carefully counseled before this procedure for individual risk–benefit assessment.

scholarly journals Health-Related Quality of Life in Athletes: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 442-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan N. Houston ◽  
Matthew C. Hoch ◽  
Johanna M. Hoch
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
History Of

Context: Assessment of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) after injury is important. Differences in HRQOL between nonathletes and athletes and between injured and uninjured athletes have been demonstrated; however, the evidence has not been synthesized. Objective: To answer the following questions: (1) Does HRQOL differ among adolescent and collegiate athletes and nonathletes? (2) Does HRQOL differ between injured adolescent and collegiate athletes or between athletes with a history of injury and uninjured athletes or those without a history of injury? Data Sources: We systematically searched CINAHL, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, and PubMed. A hand search of references was also conducted. Study Selection: Studies were included if they used generic instruments to compare HRQOL outcomes between athletes and nonathletes and between uninjured and injured athletes. Studies were excluded if they did not use a generic instrument, pertained to instrument development, or included retired athletes or athletes with a chronic disease. Data Extraction: We assessed study quality using the modified Downs and Black Index Tool. Bias-corrected Hedges g effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. The Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy (SORT) was used to determine the overall strength of the recommendation. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed for all studies using the composite or total score. Data Synthesis: Eight studies with modified Downs and Black scores ranging from 70.6% to 88.4% were included. For question 1, the overall random-effects meta-analysis was weak (effect size = 0.27, 95% confidence interval = 0.14, 0.40; P &lt; .001). For question 2, the overall random-effects meta-analysis was moderate (effect size = 0.68, 95% confidence interval = 0.42, 0.95; P &lt; .001). Conclusions: Grade A evidence indicates that athletes reported better HRQOL than nonathletes and that uninjured athletes reported better HRQOL than injured athletes. However, the overall effect for question 1 was weak, suggesting that the differences between athletes and nonathletes may not be clinically meaningful. Clinicians should monitor HRQOL after injury to ensure that all dimensions of health are appropriately treated.

scholarly journals 325The incidence of primary postpartum haemorrhage following in-hospital birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bewket Tadesse Tiruneh ◽  
Gayle McLelland ◽  
Virginia Plummer
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Postpartum Haemorrhage ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
Preventive Strategies ◽  
Heterogeneity Test ◽  
Ovid Medline ◽  
Hospital Births

Abstract Background Although primary postpartum haemorrhage is a leading cause of maternal mortality, in the wider literature, there is inconsistent results in studies about its incidence. This study was designed to determine the pooled incidence of primary postpartum haemorrhage among women following in-hospital births. Methods This review used a systematic review and meta-analysis approach. We systematically searched electronic databases of Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Emcare, Embase, PsycINFO, and CINAHL. Studies reporting the incidence of primary postpartum haemorrhage following in-hospital births were included. The pooled incidence of primary postpartum haemorrhage with a 95% confidence interval was calculated using random-effects model. Heterogeneity test between studies, and publication bias were assessed with I-square statistics and Egger’s test respectively. Results Ten of the 1548 studies were found to be eligible and were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled incidence of primary postpartum haemorrhage following in-hospital births was nearly 12% (95% CI: 7.74- 17.61), with no evidence of between studies heterogeneity. Conclusions The incidence of primary postpartum haemorrhage following in-hospital births was high, and suggest that preventive strategies implemented to reduce its occurrence needs further strengthening using training. Key messages The result of this review suggests that globally at least one in ten women experience a primary postpartum haemorrhage following in-hospital births. This is higher than anticipated. The application of the recommended strategies for the prevention of primary postpartum haemorrhage should be re-emphasized.

IL-17A in COVID-19 Cases: a meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 1630-1639
Author(s):  
Sukayna Fadlallah ◽  
Marcel S Sham Eddin ◽  
Elias A Rahal
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
Disease Pathogenesis ◽  
Mean Differences

Introduction: Numerous reviews, commentaries and opinion pieces have suggested targeting IL-17A as part of managing Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the notorious pandemic caused by the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). IL-17A is a proinflammatory cytokine attributed with homeostatic roles but that is also involved in autoimmune disease pathogenesis. While some studies have reported an increase in IL-17A in COVID-19 cases, no significant associations were found by others. Hence, we undertook this meta-analysis to study serum IL-17A levels in COVID-19 patients in relation to disease severity. Methodology: Multiple databases were systematically reviewed for literature published on the topic from January 1, 2019 to April 30, 2021. A random effects model was used to calculate weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% confidence interval (CIs) as well as the

Exploring the Relationships Between Problem Gambling and ADHD: A Meta-Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 1427-1437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Theule ◽  
Kylee E. Hurl ◽  
Kristene Cheung ◽  
Michelle Ward ◽  
Brenna Henrikson
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Problem Gambling ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
Problem Gamblers ◽  
Gambling Severity ◽  
Meta Analyses

Objective: At present, there are inconsistencies in the literature pertaining to the association between ADHD and problem gambling. This study utilized meta-analytic techniques to clarify the association between symptoms of problem gambling and symptoms of ADHD. Method: Several meta-analyses were conducted using a random effects model. PsycINFO, PubMed, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, and Google Scholar were searched for relevant studies. Results: The weighted mean correlation between ADHD symptomology and gambling severity was r = .17, 95% confidence interval (CI) = [0.12, 0.22], p < .001. Mean age of the sample was the only moderator to approach significance, with greater age being linked to a stronger relationship between symptoms of ADHD and gambling severity. Conclusion: Clinicians needs to be cognizant of the greater risk of ADHD symptoms when working with problem gamblers and vice versa.

scholarly journals Association of hypertension and antihypertensive treatment with COVID-19 mortality: a retrospective observational study

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (22) ◽  
pp. 2058-2066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Gao ◽  
Yue Cai ◽  
Kan Zhang ◽  
Lei Zhou ◽  
Yao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Antihypertensive Treatment ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Retrospective Observational Study ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Antihypertensive Treatments

Abstract Aims It remains unknown whether the treatment of hypertension influences the mortality of patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods and results This is a retrospective observational study of all patients admitted with COVID-19 to Huo Shen Shan Hospital. The hospital was dedicated solely to the treatment of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. Hypertension and the treatments were stratified according to the medical history or medications administrated prior to the infection. Among 2877 hospitalized patients, 29.5% (850/2877) had a history of hypertension. After adjustment for confounders, patients with hypertension had a two-fold increase in the relative risk of mortality as compared with patients without hypertension [4.0% vs. 1.1%, adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 2.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.17–3.82, P = 0.013]. Patients with a history of hypertension but without antihypertensive treatment (n = 140) were associated with a significantly higher risk of mortality compared with those with antihypertensive treatments (n = 730) (7.9% vs. 3.2%, adjusted HR 2.17, 95% CI 1.03–4.57, P = 0.041). The mortality rates were similar between the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitor (4/183) and non-RAAS inhibitor (19/527) cohorts (2.2% vs. 3.6%, adjusted HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.28–2.58, P = 0.774). However, in a study-level meta-analysis of four studies, the result showed that patients with RAAS inhibitor use tend to have a lower risk of mortality (relative risk 0.65, 95% CI 0.45–0.94, P = 0.20). Conclusion While hypertension and the discontinuation of antihypertensive treatment are suspected to be related to increased risk of mortality, in this retrospective observational analysis, we did not detect any harm of RAAS inhibitors in patients infected with COVID-19. However, the results should be considered as exploratory and interpreted cautiously.

Glutathione S-transferase M1, T1, and P1 Polymorphisms and Ovarian Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 732-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos P. Economopoulos ◽  
Theodoros N. Sergentanis ◽  
Nikos F. Vlahos
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Ovarian Cancer Risk ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Gstp1 Ile105val

Introduction:Cytosolic glutathione S-transferase (GST) comprises multiple isoenzymes that catalyze reactions between glutathione and lipophilic compounds with electrophilic centers, resulting in the neutralization of toxic compounds, xenobiotics, and products of oxidative stress. Several studies have examined whether GST polymorphisms (GSTM1 null/present genotype, GSTT1 null/present genotype, and GSTP1 Ile105Val) represent risk factors for ovarian cancer, as they all may denote reduced enzyme activity. This meta-analysis aimed to examine the associations between the aforementioned polymorphisms and ovarian cancer risk.Methods:The MEDLINE database was searched up to September 2009 using the appropriate terms. Case-control studies with no mutually overlapping populations were selected. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) were appropriately derived from fixed-effects or random-effects models. Meta-regression with publication year was also performed.Results:Eight studies regarding GSTM1 null polymorphism status (2357 cases and 3044 controls), 6 studies concerning GSTT1 null polymorphism (1923 cases and 2759 controls), and 3 studies on GSTP1 Ile105Val were included in the meta-analysis. The GSTM1 null genotype was not associated with an increased risk for ovarian cancer (pooled OR, 1.031; 95% confidence interval, 0.867-1.226; random effects). The GSTT1 null genotype was not associated with an increased ovarian cancer risk (pooled OR, 0.934; 95% confidence interval, 0.804-1.086; random effects); similarly, no significant associations were demonstrated for GSTP1 Ile105Val.Conclusions:The examined GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 genotype polymorphisms do not seem to confer any additional risk for ovarian cancer. Given that the studies included in this meta-analysis involve mainly white populations, these results cannot be extrapolated on other populations, and additional data are needed for future race-specific analyses.

scholarly journals Alveolar Bone Ridge Augmentation Using Polymeric Membranes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1172
Author(s):  
Manuel Toledano-Osorio ◽  
Manuel Toledano ◽  
Francisco Javier Manzano-Moreno ◽  
Cristina Vallecillo ◽  
Marta Vallecillo-Rivas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Polymeric Membranes ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Ridge Augmentation

Alveolar bone ridge resorption occurred after natural teeth loss and it can restrict the possibility of dental implants placement. The use of bone regenerative procedures is frequently required. The existing evidence regarding the efficacy of horizontal bone ridge augmentation trough guided bone regeneration (GBR) using polymeric membranes was stated. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed. Electronic and manual literature searches were conducted. Screening process was done using the National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE by PubMed), Embase, and the Cochrane Oral Health. Included articles were randomized controlled trials and observational studies. Weighted means were calculated. Heterogeneity was determined using Higgins (I2). If I2 > 50% a random-effects model was applied. It was found that the mean of horizontal bone gain was 3.95 mm, ranging from 3.19 to 4.70 mm (confidence interval 95%). Heterogeneity is I2 = 99% (confidence interval 95%) and significance of the random-effects model was p < 0.001. The complications rate was 8.4% and membrane exposure was the most frequent. Through this study, we were able to conclude that the existing scientific evidence suggests that GBR using polymeric membranes is a predictable technique for achieving horizontal bone augmentation, thus, permitting a proper further implant placement.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Asthma in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Women: A Meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Honghao Sun ◽  
Da Li ◽  
Jiao Jiao ◽  
Qing Liu ◽  
Jiansu Bian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
China National Knowledge Infrastructure ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background: A few publications have reported the prevalence of asthma in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients. But it remains debatable whether PCOS is an independent risk factor of asthma. Thus we carried out this systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the association between PCOS and asthma.Methods：PubMed, Embase, web of science, Scopus, Cochrane trial register, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wanfang Databases were searched for studies published from inception to October 2020. We extracted the data and performed the meta-analysis under the guidance of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). We used a random-effects model and calculated the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).Results：A total of 6 articles concerning 26876 PCOS women and 156143 healthy controls were included. According to the result of the study, PCOS patients have increased risk of asthma (OR=1.75, 95%CI=1.40–2.19, I2=91.2%, P=0.000, random-effects model). When stratified by region, diagnostic cirteria for asthma and study design, the results did not show significant difference.Conclusions： PCOS leads to higher asthma risk, and this association is independent to region, diagnostic cirteria for asthma and study design.

ctDNA as a prognostic factor in operable colon cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emre Yekedüz ◽  
Elif Berna Köksoy ◽  
Hakan Akbulut ◽  
Yüksel Ürün ◽  
Güngör Utkan
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Prognostic Factor ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Circulating Tumor Dna ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
Inverse Variance ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Step ◽  
Tumor Dna

Aim: Using circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) instead of historical clinicopathological factors to select patients for adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) may reduce inappropriate therapy. Material & methods: MEDLINE was searched on March 31, 2020. Studies, including data related to the prognostic value of ctDNA in the colon cancer patients after surgery and after ACT, were included. The generic inverse-variance method with a random-effects model was used for meta-analysis. Results: Four studies were included for this meta-analysis. ctDNA-positive colon cancer patients after surgery and ACT had a significantly increased risk of recurrence compared with ctDNA-negative patients. Conclusions: ctDNA is an independent prognostic factor, and this meta-analysis is a significant step for using ctDNA instead of historical prognostic factors in the adjuvant setting.

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