Early Evidence (ca. 12,000 BP) for Iron Oxide Mining on the Pacific Coast of South America

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Salazar ◽  
D. Jackson ◽  
J. L. Guendon ◽  
H. Salinas ◽  
D. Morata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
South America ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Early Evidence ◽  
The Pacific

Confronting a Mercantile Elite: Bourbon Reformers and the Merchants of Lima, 1765–1796

2004 ◽  
Vol 60 (04) ◽  
pp. 519-558
Author(s):  
Patricia H. Marks
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Port City ◽  
Tax Reforms ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Colonial Peru ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Significant Change

After Spain’s defeat in the Seven Years’ War (1757-1763), when the British had occupied Havana and Manila, a series of territorial, commercial, and tax reforms brought significant change to the viceroyalty of Peru. Their economic effects have been matters for debate ever since. Some historians have emphasized their positive effects. Following promulgation of the Reglamento de comercio libre of 1778, the volume and value of European manufactures exported to the Pacific coast of Spanish South America increased. Lima and its port city, Callao, remained important as commercial centers of Spanish South America. But others suggest that the viceregal capital—home to a powerful mercantile elite, the magnates of the consulado (merchant guild) of Lima—suffered a decline in its economic fortunes, as did the entire viceroyalty. Support for this point of view was widespread in late colonial Peru. In spite of the evidence for growth, a rising chorus of complaint bemoaned the increasing poverty of the viceroyalty in general and Lima in particular. How can we account for this discrepancy?

A revision of the genus Orchestia Leach, 1814 with the reinstatement of O. inaequalipes (K.H. Barnard, 1951), the designation of a neotype for Orchestia gammarellus (Pallas, 1776) and the description of three new species (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Talitridae: Talitrinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4808 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-250
Author(s):  
ALAN A. MYERS ◽  
JAMES K. LOWRY
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Three New Species

The amphipod genus Orchestia is revised. It now includes 10 species of which three are new: O. forchuensis sp. nov. from north-eastern North America and Iceland., O. perezi sp. nov. from Chile and O. tabladoi sp. nov. from Argentina. Orchestia inaequalipes (K.H. Barnard 1951) is reinstated. The type species of the genus, O. gammarellus is redescribed based on material from Fountainstown, Ireland and a neotype is established to stabilize the species. The species was originally described from a garden in Leiden, far from the sea. Its true identity is unknown and no type material exists. Orchestia gammarellus (Pallas, 1776) is shown to be a sibling species group with members in both hemispheres of the temperate Atlantic as well along the Pacific coast of South America. A hypothesis for the establishment of the current distribution of Orchestia species is presented that extends back to the Cretaceous. 

Neosiphonia peruviensis sp. nov. (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) from the Pacific coast of South America

2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo Edson Bustamante ◽  
Boo Yeon Won ◽  
Maria Eliana Ramírez ◽  
Tae Oh Cho
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
The Pacific

scholarly journals Native and invasive taxa on the Pacific coast of South America: Impacts on aquaculture, traceability and biodiversity of blue mussels (Mytilusspp.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria A. Larraín ◽  
Malgorzata Zbawicka ◽  
Cristian Araneda ◽  
Jonathan P. A. Gardner ◽  
Roman Wenne
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Blue Mussels ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Invasive Taxa

scholarly journals La globalización en los países andinos y la situación de la población indígena

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 5-32
Author(s):  
Aleksander Posern-Zieliński
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
South America ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Short Description ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
The Andes ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Political Differences ◽  
Cultural Entity

Short description (Adapted from introductory paragraph):“Since the early 90s of the 20th century, I followed systematically the development of the socio-cultural and ethno-political situation in the Andean region, meaning the countries in West South America, whose territories include the Pacific coast, and extend into the Andes. The main area of my anthropological investigations relates to three countries, namely to Ecuador, Bolivia and Peru. Despite the fundamental differences in economic development and particular political differences that can be observed, these countries have much in common. This allows me to treat this region as a single cultural entity and to compare similarities between processes taking place here…” Translated and adapted by Michal Gilewski

Preliminary Observations of Bottlenose Dolphins from the Pacific Coast of South America

1990 ◽  
pp. 143-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koen Van Waerebeek ◽  
Julio C. Reyes ◽  
Andrew J. Read ◽  
Jeff S. McKinnon
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphins ◽  
The Pacific
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