scholarly journals HIV‐1 Reverse Transcriptase Connection Domain Mutations: Dynamics of Emergence and Implications for Success of Combination Antiretroviral Therapy

2010 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 620-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktor von Wyl ◽  
Maryam Ehteshami ◽  
Lisa M. Demeter ◽  
Philippe Bürgisser ◽  
Monique Nijhuis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Combination Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Impact of long-term antiretroviral therapy on gut and oral microbiotas in HIV-1-infected patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayumi Imahashi ◽  
Hirotaka Ode ◽  
Ayumi Kobayashi ◽  
Michiko Nemoto ◽  
Masakazu Matsuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Transcriptase Inhibitor ◽  
Strand Transfer ◽  
Intestinal Dysbiosis ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Over Time

AbstractIn HIV-1-infected patients, antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a key factor that may impact commensal microbiota and cause the emergence of side effects. However, it is not fully understood how long-term ART regimens have diverse impacts on the microbial compositions over time. Here, we performed 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing of the fecal and salivary microbiomes in patients under different long-term ART. We found that ART, especially conventional nucleotide/nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)-based ART, has remarkable impacts on fecal microbial diversity: decreased α-diversity and increased ß-diversity over time. In contrast, dynamic diversity changes in the salivary microbiome were not observed. Comparative analysis of bacterial genus compositions showed a propensity for Prevotella-enriched and Bacteroides-poor gut microbiotas in patients with ART over time. In addition, we observed a gradual reduction in Bacteroides but drastic increases in Succinivibrio and/or Megasphaera under conventional ART. These results suggest that ART, especially NRTI-based ART, has more suppressive impacts on microbiota composition and diversity in the gut than in the mouth, which potentially causes intestinal dysbiosis in patients. Therefore, NRTI-sparing ART, especially integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI)- and/or non-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-containing regimens, might alleviate the burden of intestinal dysbiosis in HIV-1-infected patients under long-term ART.

HIV-1 Drug Resistance Evolution Among Patients on Potent Combination Antiretroviral Therapy With Detectable Viremia

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Napravnik ◽  
David Edwards ◽  
Paul Stewart ◽  
Brant Stalzer ◽  
Elizabeth Matteson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Combination Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Resistance Evolution ◽  
Hiv 1
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