Rapid Climatic Signal Propagation from Source to Sink in a Southern California Sediment‐Routing System

2010 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob A. Covault ◽  
Brian W. Romans ◽  
Andrea Fildani ◽  
Mary McGann ◽  
Stephan A. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Southern California ◽  
Signal Propagation ◽  
Sediment Routing ◽  
Climatic Signal ◽  
Source To Sink

A Source to Sink Approach to the North Sea Fan Pleistocene Glacial Sediments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurora Machado Garcia ◽  
Ivar Midtkandal ◽  
Benjamin Bellwald ◽  
Ingrid Margareta Anell
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Signal Propagation ◽  
Sedimentation Rates ◽  
The North ◽  
Sediment Routing ◽  
Source To Sink ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Sea Fan

<p>Trough mouth fans are large depocentres forming the ultimate sinks in glacial source-to-sink systems. Their architecture, sedimentological aspects (origin and processes) and their role as paleoclimatic archives are essential components in improving our understanding of Pleistocene and ongoing climate changes. For many years, these depocentres were thought to be dominated by debris flows accumulated in front of ice streams located at the shelf break. However, recent studies have shown that meltwater plays a major role in bringing sediment to the most distal parts of these fans, especially in lower latitudes. The North Sea Trough Mouth Fan encompasses ~110,000 km<sup>2 </sup>with water depths of up to 3500 m. It has received sediments throughout the Quaternary, with increased sedimentation rates in the last 1.1 Ma when the Norwegian Channel Ice Stream was active. Recent insight of the fan shows that meltwater turbidites play a major role in sediment delivery to the continental slope and deep-sea basin. The results could entail distinct morphologies for mid-latitude and high-latitude fans. As a result of glacial erosion and the absence of clear imprints of ice sheets on the paleo-shelves, studying trough mouth fan deposits becomes paramount in understanding glacial-interglacial cycles. This project will assess the source-to-sink parameters of the last glaciation (Weichselian) at the North Sea Fan, elucidating the dominant marine and terrestrial processes that led to the studied sedimentary sequences. High-resolution 2D and 3D seismic data, core, volumetric and numerical modeling data will be assimilated to establish a source-to-sink model for the target interval. These results will contribute to the knowledge of how glaciations affect surface mass redistribution, directly affecting the landscape dynamics and sediment routing from Fennoscandia via the North Sea to the slopes and deep basin. Sediment production will be evaluated, assessing whether it increases during the glaciation or if observed higher sedimentation rates are a result of enhanced sediment transport. This project is a part of the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Innovative Training Networks “S2S – Future: Signal propagation in source to sink for the future of the Earth resources and energy” and will further advance how trough mouth flans are highly dynamic areas where sediment transport, dispersal, remobilization and deposition take place, and serve as excellent proxies to the dynamics of glacial pulses in the hinterland.</p>

Signal propagation in sediment routing systems: an application for granulates prediction (location, grain-size)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francois Guillocheau ◽  
Cécile Robin
Keyword(s):  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Signal Propagation ◽  
Transfer Of Knowledge ◽  
Base Level ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Sediment Routing ◽  
Source To Sink ◽  
Solute Fluxes ◽  
Working Together ◽  
Armorican Massif

<p>The consideration of entire “Source to Sink" systems is one of the most recent and challenging advances in earth surface dynamics and sedimentary geology. To understand S2S systems it is necessary to enhance sharing of knowledge and concepts between (1) geomorphology, which focuses on the understanding of erosion processes driving landform evolution and sediment fluxes, (2) stratigraphy/sedimentology, which focuses on the nature of sedimentary deposits and their distribution in time and space, and (3) tectonics and structural geology, which set the dimensions, geometry and dynamics of source/transfer areas and sedimentary basins (the sink). Understanding S2S systems also involves other Geosciences disciplines such as paleoclimatology and geochemistry, because they allow quantifying the factors controlling S2S systems dynamics (climatic controls on erosion, solid vs. solute fluxes, etc.).</p><p>The main challenges are (1) to get all the above mentioned disciplines working together on geological or numerical approaches of the whole S2S system, in different tectonic and climatic settings and (2) to convince some industries of the merits of this approach, e.g. industries dealing with geothermy or granulates.</p><p>We here present one example of academia – industry transfer of knowledge for granulates: the low accommodation alluvial system of the Armorican Massif of Messinian to Pliocene age, major source of granulates for the development of the Brittany Province (western France). The understanding of the base level fluctuations sensuWheeler (1964), joined to an knowledge of the uplift history, the climate variations, and the source of sediments (Eocene laterite profiles) gave tools for a better prediction on the location and quality of the granulates.</p>

Geomorphic variability and sediment dynamics in small catchments of dryland environments: Application into sand mining

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek kumar Singh ◽  
Nishith Bhatt
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Mining Activity ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Western India ◽  
Natural Sand ◽  
Small Catchment ◽  
Sediment Routing ◽  
Source To Sink ◽  
Small Catchments

<p>The understanding of the sediment routing system and source-to-sink dynamics in a catchment is vital as it helps to assess areas undergoing erosion and deposition. This is significant in catchments which undergo active mining activities especially natural sand materials. The role of climate and natural erosional processes is vital in this as mining of sand is also affected by natural replenishment. In present study, we take a case study of a small catchment of 30km length ~ Chharri, situated in arid landscape of Kachchh of western India. Using geomorphic assemblage mapped using remote sensing and field investigation, we identified natural sub-sinks (depocenters) in the Chharri river valley. The investigation was validated by studying sediment profiles of the depocentral landforms in seasonal time series (pre-monsoon and post monsoon sessions). The changes in morphology, sediments accumulations were integrated to assess the natural sand replenishment in areas which had been undergoing mining activity. Based on time series data it was deduced that the small catchments in dry-land environments, the sand production and dynamics is modulated by type of vegetation, pattern in precipitation and human intervention. The results of such source-to-sink study have long-term implications on sand replenishment, mining activity and landscape evolution of such river basins.</p>

Diachronous exhumation of the Carpathians from low-temperature thermochronology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Roger ◽  
Peter van der Beek ◽  
Arjan de Leeuw ◽  
Laurent Husson
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Foreland Basin ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Oblique Collision ◽  
The Carpathians ◽  
Sediment Routing ◽  
Source To Sink ◽  
Zircon Fission Track ◽  
Eastern Carpathians ◽  
Exhumation Rates

<p>The Carpathians fold-and-thrust belt results from oblique collision of ALCAPA and Tisza-Dacia plates with the eastern European margin. It formed during the Oligocene and Miocene, propagating laterally from NW to SE as clearly demonstrated by balanced-cross sections (Nakapelyukh et al., 2017; Castellucio et al., 2016; Merten et al., 2010). The coeval development of the foreland basin (Roure et al., 1993) is revealed by an axial transport system that prograded from NW to SE, ultimately supplying sediments to the Black Sea (de Leeuw et al., 2020). However, lacking a regional synthesis and integration of thermochronology data, lateral propagation of exhumation in the orogen has not been demonstrated yet.</p><p> We reconstruct the exhumation history of the entire Carpathians from the Oligocene onwards and link it with the development of the Carpathians foreland basin (CFB) using a source-to-sink approach. We compiled more than 500 apatite and zircon fission-track and (U-Th)/He ages from the literature. This comprehensive database was separated by region (Western, Eastern, and South-Eastern Carpathians) and by tectonic domain (as defined in Schmid et al., 2008). This partitioning allows for the inversion of large datasets, reflects the tectonic complexity of the belt, and avoids spurious spatial correlations (Schildgen et al., 2018). The thermochronology data was inverted using Pecube (Braun et al., 2012) to constrain exhumation rates in a Bayesian approach. We thus obtain estimates of exhumation rates through time along the belt (with their uncertainty) and convert these into bulk  sediment fluxes over time, permitting tracking of sediment routing from the eroding belt to the CFB. Ultimately, these data will be used to unravel deeper geodynamics, including the possible effects of slab detachment on the evolution of the belt and its foreland basin.</p><p> </p><p>Key words: Low-temperature thermochronology, Carpathians, exhumation, source to sink, Pecube inversions.</p>

Why do shelf-incising submarine canyons form? - Insights from global topographic analyses and regression trees

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Bernhardt ◽  
Wolfgang Schwanghart
Keyword(s):  
Continental Slope ◽  
Regression Trees ◽  
Signal Propagation ◽  
Sediment Supply ◽  
Sediment Flux ◽  
Slope Gradient ◽  
Submarine Canyons ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Sediment Routing ◽  
River Mouths

<p>The efficiency of environmental signal propagation from terrestrial sources to marine sinks highly depends on the connectivity of the sediment-routing system. Submarine canyons that couple river outlets with marine depocenters are particularly crucial links in the routing network as they convey terrestrial sediment, associated pollutants and organic carbon to the deep ocean. However, why and where submarine canyons incise into shelves is still poorly understood. Several factors were proposed, including narrow shelves along active continental margins, onshore sediment flux, more proximal sediment supply during sea-level lowstands, mass wasting along high-gradient continental slopes, and the occurrence of durable bedrock in adjacent catchments. In this study, we test whether we can predict shelf incision of submarine canyons from onshore and offshore parameters.</p> <p>We used maps of global elevation and bathymetry and analyzed them together with a global compilation of 5900 submarine canyon heads. The analysis relies on bagged regression trees that predict the distance of each canyon head from the shelf edge as a function of numerous candidate predictor variables. These variables describe spatial relations of river mouths and canyons, shelf geometry, continental slope gradient, as well as numerous terrestrial catchment properties. Moreover, we added 120 m to the elevation of the present-day topography to simulate a coastal landscape during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and recalculated the topographic terrestrial parameters and the shelf width.</p> <p>The trained model explains 66% (R<sup>2</sup>) of the variance within the data set with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 31 km and a mean absolute error (MAE, less sensitive to outliers) of 17 km. The highest predictor importance is consistently reported for the weighted distance from canyon heads to the adjacent river mouths during the LGM and the present-day catchment gradient. We find no significant influence of shelf width, continental slope gradient and sediment load, and the moderate fit of the model indicates that we are still missing one or more important controls on the spatial location of canyon heads. Our predictions may be refined by including a more detailed assessment of catchment lithologies, locations of submarine groundwater discharge, locations of tectonic faults, and longshore current directions. Notwithstanding, we conclude that our model identifies important controls on the spatial occurrence and shelf incision of submarine canyons and sorts out much debated but seemingly unimportant variables.  </p>

scholarly journals Source to sink evaluation of sediment routing in the Gulf of Alaska and Southeast Alaska: A thermochronometric perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 711-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine A. Dunn ◽  
Eva Enkelmann ◽  
Kenneth D. Ridgway ◽  
Wai K. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Alaska ◽  
Southeast Alaska ◽  
Sediment Routing ◽  
Source To Sink

scholarly journals Origin and propagation of sedimentary sequences throughout the Escanilla fluvial routing system (South Pyrenean foreland basin)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Valero ◽  
Elisabet Beamud ◽  
Miguel Garcés ◽  
Andreu Vinyoles ◽  
Nikhil Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Foreland Basin ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Signal Propagation ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Sedimentary Sequences ◽  
Source To Sink

<p>During middle Eocene, the Escanilla fluvial system transported and deposited material from East to West in the southern Pyrenees foreland basin. The paleogeography and sedimentology of the source to sink system is well established. The temporal framework is made of scattered low resolution magnetostratigraphies, and a robust temporal framework in the most distal (Olson) and most proximal (Sis) parts of the system. We built a new high resolution magnetostratigraphy from the middle part of the system, the Lascuarre section. The correlation of Lascuarre with the high resolution magnetostratigraphies and the integration of these data with other available chronological constraints results into a robust complete temporal framework from source to sink.</p><p>Sedimentological analyses of the Lascuarre section allow recognizing a set of sedimentary sequences throughout the record. Here we present the result of the analyses, and discuss the relative weight of the different forcing. Particularly, we elucidate the role of tectonics in relation to subsidence distribution patterns, and also the distinct expression of climate. Eventually, we identify and explore the signal propagation mechanisms of climate aberrations and of quasi-regular orbital variations along the routing system.</p>

A new way to predict sediment production and deposition: integrated Source to Sink maps at pluri-basins-scale

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Ortiz ◽  
Charlotte Fillon ◽  
Eric Lasseur ◽  
Justine Briais ◽  
Francois Guillocheau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Source Tracking ◽  
Reservoir Properties ◽  
Surface Evolution ◽  
Sediment Routing ◽  
Source To Sink

<h3>The knowledge acquired on the exhumation of the Pyrenean chain and the evolution of the adjacent foreland basins makes this Alpine-type domain a good laboratory to better constrain a full sediment routing system in a compressive context and to apprehend the driving processes controlling the sediment routing in space and time. This integrated approach aims at enhancing our basin mastering approach as well as improving our predictions of reservoir properties for oil and gas exploration and storage.</h3><h3>This Source-to-Sink study seeks to understand the evolution of sedimentary routing from the Source (orogenic relief, craton, basin recycling) through the transfer zone (peripheral or internal to the basin) to the final sink (flexural basin, deep turbiditic margin). Within the framework of this new cartography, we propose to compile the available and newly acquired data from the S2S project (TOTAL, BRGM), over the entire peri-Pyrenean domain. We produced large scale quantitative and qualitative maps and wheeler diagrams to better observe and interpret the tectonic, climatic and surface processes impacts of the SRS behavior.</h3><h3>The maps include kinematic reconstructions of the Iberian-European-Mediterranean system, restored sequential cross-sections, history/magnitude of exhumation by thermochronology, source tracking, characterization of weathering and erosion surfaces, synthesis of the major structural accidents activity, paleogeographic reconstructions, analysis of sedimentary geometries and transport directions as well as the quantification of volumes preserved in the basins. Their interpretation is combined with a time representation along the routing system, linking classical basin wheeler diagram representation to source erosion and lithologies to obtain a continuous view on the sediment journey.</h3><h3>The time steps chosen for these 5 maps account for the different stages of tectono-sedimentary evolution of the peri-Pyrenean system at the early-orogenic, syn-orogenic and post-orogenic stages. The compilations carried out compare exhumed domains and sedimentation zones in terms of fluxes and volumes and make it possible to map the routing systems and discuss the drivers for the surface evolution during the construction/destruction cycle of an orogen.</h3><h3> </h3><h3>Research work financed and carried out as part of the BRGM-TOTAL Source-to-Sink program</h3><p> </p>

Example of the interplay of Tectonics, Eustasy and Surface Processes on the North Slope of Alaska Since the Jurassic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cian Clinton-Gray ◽  
Sabin Zahirovic ◽  
Claire Mallard ◽  
Tristan Salles ◽  
Daniela Garrad
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Evolution ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
North Slope ◽  
Mantle Flow ◽  
Dynamic Topography ◽  
The North ◽  
Sediment Routing ◽  
Source To Sink ◽  
North Slope Of Alaska ◽  
Shelf Margin

<p>The North Slope of Alaska has experienced a complex tectonic and geodynamic history. Although regional paleogeographic reconstructions for the North Slope of Alaska have been interpreted from the geological record, a process-based understanding of the source-to-sink system accounting for both the landscape and sedimentary basin evolution of the region has not been undertaken. Additionally, the interaction of the complex tectonic and climatic forces and their influence on the development of sedimentary basins is not well understood. </p><p>We investigate the influence of tectonics (including deep mantle flow), eustasy and isostasy (including flexure) on the source to sink system on the North Slope to better understand its evolution since the Jurassic.</p><p>We use a quantitative forward modelling approach with the open-source surface evolution code Badlands () which incorporate time-dependent dynamic topography estimates from mantle convection models linking plate motions and mantle flow. We present a new method to implement 3D tectonic displacements (including dynamic topography) in landscape evolution models.  </p><p>The models capture the North Slope’s complex tectonic history and reproduce the sediment depositional trends as observed from the sedimentological record. The spatial variation in dynamic topography through time results in tilting of the basin which influenced sediment routing directions. Sea-level fluctuations significantly slow the depositional system, trapping more sediment in the proximal basin. Cross-sections of the modelled deposition are used to more closely analyse the shelf margin evolution. They reveal that the models reproduce the large-scale stratal geometries observed from the seismic record, as well as the shelf margin trajectory shifts since the Jurassic. This study demonstrates the importance of linking deep Earth processes to landscape evolution models to gain a better understanding of the long-term evolution of sedimentary basins.</p>

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