The Cell Wall Polymers of the Charophycean Green Alga Chara corallina: Immunobinding and Biochemical Screening

2010 ◽  
Vol 171 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Domozych ◽  
Iben Sørensen ◽  
Filomena A. Pettolino ◽  
Anthony Bacic ◽  
William G. T. Willats
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Green Alga ◽  
Chara Corallina ◽  
Biochemical Screening ◽  
Cell Wall Polymers

scholarly journals The distribution of cell wall polymers during antheridium development and spermatogenesis in the Charophycean green alga, Chara corallina

2009 ◽  
Vol 104 (6) ◽  
pp. 1045-1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Domozych ◽  
Iben Sørensen ◽  
William G. T. Willats
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Green Alga ◽  
Chara Corallina ◽  
Cell Wall Polymers

scholarly journals Cell Wall Growth and Modulation Dynamics in a Model Unicellular Green Alga—Penium margaritaceum: Live Cell Labeling with Monoclonal Antibodies

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Domozych ◽  
Hannah Brechka ◽  
Alicia Britton ◽  
Marc Toso
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Green Alga ◽  
Fluorescent Labeling ◽  
Land Plants ◽  
Cell Labeling ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Cell Wall Polymers

Penium margaritaceum is a unicellular charophycean green alga that possesses cell wall polymers similar to those of land plants. Several wall macromolecules of this alga are recognized by monoclonal antibodies specific for wall polymer epitopes of land plants. Immunofluorescence protocols using these antibodies may be employed to label specific cell wall constituents of live cells. Fluorescent labeling persists for several days, and this attribute allows for tracing of wall epitopes in both long- and short-term studies of cell development. Quantitative analysis of surface area covered by cell wall polymers is also easily performed. We show that significant cell expansion caused by incubation of cells in low levels of osmotically active agents like mannitol, glucose, or sucrose results from the inability of cells to undergo cytokinesis but does not result in significant changes to the amount of new cell wall. We also demonstrate that cells can be maintained for long periods of time in culture medium supplemented with specific cell wall-degrading enzymes where notable changes to wall infrastructure occur. These results demonstrate the great potential value of Penium in elucidating fundamental events during cell wall synthesis and modulation in plant cells.

scholarly journals Effect of Exogenously Applied 24-Epibrassinolide and Brassinazole on Xylogenesis and Microdistribution of Cell Wall Polymers in Leucaena leucocephala (Lam) De Wit

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Pramod ◽  
M. Anju ◽  
H. Rajesh ◽  
A. Thulaseedharan ◽  
Karumanchi S. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Vessel Element ◽  
Xylem Differentiation ◽  
Cell Wall Polymers

AbstractPlant growth regulators play a key role in cell wall structure and chemistry of woody plants. Understanding of these regulatory signals is important in advanced research on wood quality improvement in trees. The present study is aimed to investigate the influence of exogenous application of 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) and brassinosteroid inhibitor, brassinazole (BRZ) on wood formation and spatial distribution of cell wall polymers in the xylem tissue of Leucaena leucocephala using light and immuno electron microscopy methods. Brassinazole caused a decrease in cambial activity, xylem differentiation, length and width of fibres, vessel element width and radial extent of xylem suggesting brassinosteroid inhibition has a concomitant impact on cell elongation, expansion and secondary wall deposition. Histochemical studies of 24-epibrassinolide treated plants showed an increase in syringyl lignin content in the xylem cell walls. Fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy studies revealed the inhomogenous pattern of lignin distribution in the cell corners and middle lamellae region of BRZ treated plants. Immunolocalization studies using LM10 and LM 11 antibodies have shown a drastic change in the micro-distribution pattern of less substituted and highly substituted xylans in the xylem fibres of plants treated with EBR and BRZ. In conclusion, present study demonstrates an important role of brassinosteroid in plant development through regulating xylogenesis and cell wall chemistry in higher plants.

scholarly journals Disruption of the microtubule network alters cellulose deposition and causes major changes in pectin distribution in the cell wall of the green alga,Penium margaritaceum

2013 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 465-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Domozych ◽  
Iben Sørensen ◽  
Carly Sacks ◽  
Hannah Brechka ◽  
Amanda Andreas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Green Alga ◽  
Microtubule Network ◽  
Cellulose Deposition

Bacterial cell wall polymers promote intestinal fibrosis through stimulation of myofibroblast activity

1997 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 406 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.A.F. van Tol ◽  
F.-M. Kong ◽  
R.R. Rippe ◽  
J. Simmons ◽  
P.K. Lund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Bacterial Cell ◽  
Bacterial Cell Wall ◽  
Intestinal Fibrosis ◽  
Cell Wall Polymers ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals Cell wall biosynthesis and the molecular mechanism of plant enlargement

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 383 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Boyer
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Critical Level ◽  
Turgor Pressure ◽  
Chara Corallina ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Primary Wall ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Green Plants ◽  
Wall Deposition ◽  
Wall Growth

Recently discovered reactions allow the green alga Chara corallina (Klien ex. Willd., em. R.D.W.) to grow well without the benefit of xyloglucan or rhamnogalactan II in its cell wall. Growth rates are controlled by polygalacturonic acid (pectate) bound with calcium in the primary wall, and the reactions remove calcium from these bonds when new pectate is supplied. The removal appears to occur preferentially in bonds distorted by wall tension produced by the turgor pressure (P). The loss of calcium accelerates irreversible wall extension if P is above a critical level. The new pectate (now calcium pectate) then binds to the wall and decelerates wall extension, depositing new wall material on and within the old wall. Together, these reactions create a non-enzymatic but stoichiometric link between wall growth and wall deposition. In green plants, pectate is one of the most conserved components of the primary wall, and it is therefore proposed that the acceleration-deceleration-wall deposition reactions are of wide occurrence likely to underlie growth in virtually all green plants. C. corallina is one of the closest relatives of the progenitors of terrestrial plants, and this review focuses on the pectate reactions and how they may fit existing theories of plant growth.

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