Importing Locomotives in Meiji Japan: International Business and Technology Transfer in the Railroad Industry

Transfer of technology is the key element for the industrialization and economic development of the countries. Indeed, today, the transfer of manufacturing technology has become an important part of the international business strategy of firms. According to Schmidt and Uydess [1] pharmaceutical manufacturers are transferring more technology now compared to the last decade. Recent survey conducted by Tunnell Consulting, looking at the technology transfer practices of executives at 10 global pharmaceutical companies, the study found that most of companies undertake more than 10 technology transfer per year whether from development to commercial manufacturing or from one manufacturing site to another. The aims of the research is to identify the factor that will influence the technology transfer process in pharmaceutical manufacturing industry and provide the better understanding for pharmaceutical process validation at Malaysia. Respondents for this research included Manager, Engineer, Technician, Machine Operator and Supportive Staff at pharmaceutical manufacturing industry. This paper is considered as in progress status. Therefore it will explore and explain the concept of technology transfer and the factors that will influence the process.

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Spillovers from FDI in Emerging Market Economies

The Oxford Handbook of Management in Emerging Markets ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190683948.013.19 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 398-426

Author(s):

Sumon Kumar Bhaumik ◽

Nigel Driffield ◽

Meng Song ◽

Priit Vahter

Keyword(s):

Technology Transfer ◽

Emerging Markets ◽

International Business ◽

Absorptive Capacity ◽

Emerging Market ◽

Institutional Quality ◽

Market Development ◽

Policy Responses ◽

The Common ◽

The Uk

This chapter explores the prospects for technology transfer and spillovers from inward investment in the setting of emerging markets. The chapter builds on the large literature on spillovers to explore the drivers of such effects. First, it is necessary to explore why the analysis of technology transfer between inward investors and local firms is important in the context of emerging market development, and also why a different perspective may be required compared with that developed for traditional economies such as the UK or USA. In doing so, the authors explore issues such as absorptive capacity and institutional quality, e.g., the protection of property rights, and link those to the common issues identified by international business scholars and others in terms of the challenges presented by operating in emerging markets. This, in turn, enables them to explore possible policy responses.

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