Top 100 Birding Sites of the World. By Dominic Couzens. Berkeley (California): University of California Press. $45.00. 320 p.; ill.; index. 978‐0‐520‐25932‐4. [First published by New Holland Publishers, London, United Kingdom, 2008.] 2008.

2009 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 424-425
Author(s):  
Douglas J. Futuyma
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
University Of California ◽  
The World ◽  
Birding Sites

British Council as an Instrument of Public Diplomacy of Great Britain

2017 ◽  
pp. 305-312
Author(s):  
Mykola Trofymenko
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
Cultural Diplomacy ◽  
Foreign Minister ◽  
Cultural Relations ◽  
British Council ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government

Public diplomacy of Great Britain is one of the most developed in the EU and in the world. The United Kingdom has developed an extremely efficient public diplomacy mechanism which includes BBC World Service (which due to its popularity boosts the reputation and the image of Great Britain), Chevening Scholarships (provides outstanding foreign students with opportunity to study in Great Britain and thus establishes long-lasting relations with public opinion leaders and foreign countries elite) and the British Council, which deals with international diplomatic ties in the field of culture. The British Council is a unique organization. Being technically independent, it actively and efficiently works on consolidating Great Britain’s interests in the world and contributes to the development of public diplomacy in Great Britain.   The author studies the efforts of the British Council as a unique public diplomacy tool of the United Kingdom. Special attention is paid to the role of British Council, which is independent of the governing board and at the same time finds itself under the influence of the latter due to the peculiarities of the appointment of Board’s officials, financing etc. The author concludes that the British Council is a unique organization established in 1934, which is a non-departmental state body, charitable organization and public corporation, technically independent of the government. The British Council, thanks to its commercial activities covers the lack of public funding caused by the policy of economy conducted by the government. It has good practices in this field worth paying attention by other countries. It is also worth mentioning that the increment in profit was getting higher last year, however the issue of increasing the influence of the government on the activities of British Council is still disputable. Although the Foreign Minister officially reports to the parliament on the activities of the British Council, approves the appointment of the leaders of organizations, the British Council preserves its independence of the government, which makes it more popular abroad, and makes positive influence on the world image of Great Britain. The efficiency of the British Council efforts on fulfillment of targets of the United Kingdom public diplomacy is unquestionable, no matter how it calls its activities: whether it is a cultural relations establishment or a cultural diplomacy implementation. Keywords: The British Council, public diplomacy, cultural diplomacy, cultural relations, Foreign Office, Her Majesty’s Government, official assistance for development

Offshore technology—advances at the dawn of the new millennium reviewed from a UK perspective

2000 ◽  
Vol 214 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
G J Lyons
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Offshore Technology ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The World ◽  
New Millennium ◽  
Technology Advances

This paper considers the technologies that have enabled offshore hydrocarbons production to reach the existing limits, and what may be required realistically to extend these limits further at the beginning of the new millennium. Advances are considered which relate to many parts of the world. Each has its own particular challenges. The viewpoint presented here is, however, from the United Kingdom.

How Do Campaign Spending Limits Affect Elections? Evidence from the United Kingdom 1885–2019

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
ALEXANDER FOUIRNAIES
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Campaign Spending ◽  
House Of Commons ◽  
Electoral Campaigns ◽  
Limit Formula ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The World ◽  
Legal Constraints ◽  
The Cost

In more than half of the democratic countries in the world, candidates face legal constraints on how much money they can spend on their electoral campaigns, yet we know little about the consequences of these restrictions. I study how spending limits affect UK House of Commons elections. I contribute new data on the more than 70,000 candidates who ran for a parliamentary seat from 1885 to 2019, and I document how much money each candidate spent, how they allocated their resources across different spending categories, and the spending limit they faced. To identify the effect on elections, I exploit variation in spending caps induced by reforms of the spending-limit formula that affected some but not all constituencies. The results indicate that when the level of permitted spending is increased, the cost of electoral campaigns increases, which is primarily driven by expenses related to advertisement and mainly to the disadvantage of Labour candidates; the pool of candidates shrinks and elections become less competitive; and the financial and electoral advantages enjoyed by incumbents are amplified.

Experience of Canada, The United Kingdom, Finland and Spain for formation of media literacy among the students

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zlatina Dimitrova ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Media Literacy ◽  
Media Education ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Educational Models ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The World ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Habits

The theoretical research focuses on the educational experience for the formation of media literacy among school-age children in different countries around the world. The article presents various options for the formation of media literacy, based on three educational models. According to the first model, media education is represented in the form of a compulsory subject in schools, which is studied by students in different grades. According to the second educational model, media habits are acquired within the interdisciplinary (integrated) approach – the use of the media in traditional school subjects, including native and foreign languages, literature, social sciences. The third model offers practical and informal integration of media education as a supplement and replacement of specific subjects or the intersection between them. The article examines in detail the media training opportunities offered in Canada, the United Kingdom, Finland and Spain, as their experience in media education is applied in a number of other countries around the world. Special attention is paid to the first steps in the introduction of media literacy training among students in Bulgaria, which is carried out only in the last 5-6 years.

Philanthropy, Remittances and Identity: The Case of London-based Sri Lankans

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Kabir ◽  
R.L. Stirrat
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Major Topic ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
International Remittances ◽  
The World ◽  
Personal Histories

Although expatriate remittances are a major topic of study in the world of development, relatively little research has taken place on the motives and meanings of international remittances. This article examines Sri Lankan expatriates in the United Kingdom. It focuses on charitable and philanthropic activities and argues that these can only be understood within the context of the personal histories of the donors.

International Rubber Study Group

1947 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 556-557
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Study Group ◽  
The World ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
British Colonies ◽  
World Consumption

The fourth meeting of the Rubber Study Group ended its sessions in Paris on July 8, 1947, after reviewing changes in the world rubber situation from the previous meeting in November, 1946, and adopting a resolution urging 1) that membership be open to all countries substantially interested in production, consumption, or trade in rubber; 2) that the group consider ways to expand the world consumption of rubber; and 3) that a secretariat be established to arrange for the collection and dissemination of statistics. Countries attending included Australia, Belgium, Bolivia, Canada, Ceylon, Denmark, Ecuador, United States, France, Hungary, Italy, Liberia, Norway, Holland, United Kingdom, British Colonies, Siam, Czechoslovakia and Venezuela, with observers from Brazil, Colombia, Finland, Guatemala, Mexico, Poland, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Nations and FAO.

Advancements in the Detection and Sizing of “Pinhole” Metal Loss

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson Santamaria ◽  
Martin Bluck
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Metal Loss ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Test Program ◽  
Joint Paper ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Software Models ◽  
The World

At IPC 2010 PII Pipeline Solutions (PII) presented the paper “VALIDATION OF LATEST GENERATION MFL IN-LINE INSPECTION TECHNOLOGY LEADS TO IMPROVED DETECTION AND SIZING SPECIFICATION FOR PINHOLES, PITTING, AXIAL GROOVING AND AXIAL SLOTTING”1, IPC 2010-31124. The suggestion was that this improvement would allow operators to make more informed pipeline integrity decisions in future. In the 4 years since this paper was presented many hundreds of runs have been completed with this latest generation MFL ILI technology, capturing information on tens of thousands of kilometers of pipe, and generating a significant volume of dig verification data. In collaboration with Oil & Gas pipeline operators around the world this growing dig verification database has been utilized to improve software models, algorithms, & analysis processes to validate and further enhance system detection, sizing, & reporting capabilities. This paper focuses on the recent collaboration between ExxonMobil and PII, to investigate system capabilities with respect to “Pinholes”, to address a known threat to a specific pipeline in the United Kingdom. This paper will describe the: • Evolution of the “Pinhole” specification that captured the interest of ExxonMobil. • Use of Finite Element models to predict entitlement for characterization of “Pinhole” type defects • Detail of and results from the ExxonMobil sponsored test program that was conducted in early 2013 • The in-line inspection, analysis report, and dig verification that followed for the pipeline in question. This joint paper, prepared and presented in collaboration by ExxonMobil & PII, will reflect the perspective and synergy of the Pipeline Owner/Operator and the ILI Vendor.

Great Britain and the tvolution of the colonial system (end 19th – beginning 20th centuries)

2020 ◽  
pp. 60-71
Author(s):  
A.V. Goncharenko ◽  
T.O. Safonova
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
The United States ◽  
American Colonies ◽  
The North ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
General Decline ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

The article investigates the impact of Great Britain on the evolution of colonialism in the late ХІХ and early ХХ centuries. It is analyzed the sources and scientific literature on the policy of the United Kingdom in the colonial question in the late ХІХ – early ХХ century. The reasons, course and consequences of the intensification of British policy in the colonial problem are described. The process of formation and implementation of London’s initiatives in the colonial question during the period under study is studied. It is considered the position of Great Britain on the transformation of the colonial system in the late XIX – early XX centuries. The resettlement activity of the British and the peculiarities of their mentality, based on the idea of racial superiority and the new national messianism, led to the formation of developed resettlement colonies. The war for the independence of the North American colonies led to the formation of a new state on their territory, and the rest of the “white” colonies of Great Britain had at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries had to build a new policy of relations, taking into account the influence of the United States on them, and the general decline of economic and military-strategic influence of Britain in the world, and the militarization of other leading countries. As a result, a commonwealth is formed instead of an empire. With regard to other dependent territories, there is also a change in policy towards the liberalization of colonial rule and concessions to local elites. In the late ХІХ – early ХІХ centuries the newly industrialized powers (Germany, Italy, and Japan) sought to seize the colonies to reaffirm their new status in the world, the great colonial powers of the past (Spain, Portugal, and the Netherlands) sought to retain what remained to preserve their international prestige, and Russia sought to expand. The largest colonial empires, Great Britain and France, were interested in maintaining the status quo. In the colonial policy of the United Kingdom, it is possible to trace a certain line related to attempts to preserve the situation in their remote possessions and not to get involved in conflicts and costly measures where this can be avoided. In this sense, the British government showed some flexibility and foresight – the relative weakening of the military and economic power of the empire due to the emergence of new states, as well as the achievement of certain self-sufficiency, made it necessary to reconsider traditional foreign policy. Colonies are increasingly no longer seen as personal acquisitions of states, and policy toward these territories is increasingly seen as a common deal of the international community and even its moral duty. The key role here was to be played by Great Britain, which was one of the first to form the foundations of a “neocolonial” system that presupposes a solidarity policy of Western countries towards the rest of the world under the auspices of London. Colonial system in the late ХІХ – early ХІХ century underwent a major transformation, which was associated with a set of factors, the main of which were – the emergence of new industrial powers on the world stage, the internal evolution of the British Empire, changes in world trade, the emergence of new weapons, general growth of national and religious identity and related with this contradiction. The fact that the First World War did not solve many problems, such as Japanese expansionism or British marinism, and caused new ones, primarily such as the Bolshevik coup in Russia and the coming to power of the National Socialists in Germany, the implementation of the above trends stretched to later moments.

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