Prevention of Radioactive Indicator and Viral Particle Transmission with an Ointment Barrier

1991 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet C. Oz ◽  
John E. Newbold ◽  
Gerald M. Lemole
Keyword(s):  
Viral Particle ◽  
Radioactive Indicator

Prevention of Radioactive Indicator and Viral Particle Transmission with an Ointment Barrier

1991 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-95
Author(s):  
Mehmet C. Oz ◽  
John E. Newbold ◽  
Gerald M. Lemole
Keyword(s):  
Viral Particle ◽  
Radioactive Indicator

scholarly journals Contribution of the Cytoplasmic Determinants of Vpu to the Expansion of Virus-Containing Compartments in HIV-1-Infected Macrophages

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Leymarie ◽  
Leslie Lepont ◽  
Margaux Versapuech ◽  
Delphine Judith ◽  
Sophie Abelanet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Viral Particle ◽  
Transmembrane Domain ◽  
Immune Surveillance ◽  
Restriction Factor ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
Protein Functions ◽  
Specific Accumulation ◽  
Model Cell ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACTHIV-1 infection of macrophages leads to the sequestration of newly formed viruses in intracellular plasma membrane-connected structures termed virus-containing compartments (VCCs), where virions remain infectious and hidden from immune surveillance. The cellular restriction factor bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (BST2), which prevents HIV-1 dissemination by tethering budding viral particles at the plasma membrane, can be found in VCCs. The HIV-1 accessory protein Vpu counteracts the restriction factor BST2 by downregulating its expression and removing it from viral budding sites. Numerous studies described these Vpu countermeasures in CD4+T cells or model cell lines, but the interplay between Vpu and BST2 in VCC formation and HIV-1 production in macrophages is less explored. Here, we show that Vpu expression in HIV-1-infected macrophages enhances viral release. This effect is related to Vpu’s ability to circumvent BST2 antiviral activity. We show that in absence of Vpu, BST2 is enriched in VCCs and colocalizes with capsid p24, whereas Vpu expression significantly reduces the presence of BST2 in these compartments. Furthermore, our data reveal that BST2 is dispensable for the formation of VCCs and that Vpu expression impacts the volume of these compartments. This Vpu activity partly depends on BST2 expression and requires the integrity of the Vpu transmembrane domain, the dileucine-like motif E59XXXLV64and phosphoserines 52 and 56 of Vpu. Altogether, these results highlight that Vpu controls the volume of VCCs and promotes HIV-1 release from infected macrophages.IMPORTANCEHIV-1 infection of macrophages leads to the sequestration of newly formed viruses in virus-containing compartments (VCCs), where virions remain infectious and hidden from immune surveillance. The restriction factor BST2, which prevents HIV-1 dissemination by tethering budding viral particles, can be found in VCCs. The HIV-1 Vpu protein counteracts BST2. This study explores the interplay between Vpu and BST2 in the viral protein functions on HIV-1 release and viral particle sequestration in VCCs in macrophages. The results show that Vpu controls the volume of VCCs and favors viral particle release. These Vpu functions partly depend on Vpu’s ability to antagonize BST2. This study highlights that the transmembrane domain of Vpu and two motifs of the Vpu cytoplasmic domain are required for these functions. These motifs were notably involved in the control of the volume of VCCs by Vpu but were dispensable for the prevention of the specific accumulation of BST2 in these structures.

Continuous Purification of an Enveloped and Non-enveloped Viral Particle Using an Aqueous Two-Phase System

2021 ◽  
pp. 118753
Author(s):  
Dylan G. Turpeinen ◽  
Pratik U. Joshi ◽  
Seth A. Kriz ◽  
Supreet Kaur ◽  
Natalie M. Nold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Particle ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Aqueous Two Phase System

Efficient control of dye molecules fluorescence in polydopamine via strong optical coupling in a SPASER nanoparticle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Melentiev ◽  
Boris Khlebtsov ◽  
Anton Gritchenko ◽  
Denis Kudryavtsev ◽  
Igor Ivanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Particle ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Fluorescence Emission ◽  
Radiative Properties ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Optical Coupling ◽  
Dye Molecules ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Fluorescence Measurements ◽  
Optical Modes

Abstract One of the main approaches of design and manipulation of the quantum emitters’ radiative properties is based on proper control of optical modes of the surrounding quantum emitter environment, leading to, in its ultimate case, to a strong regime of the emitter - environment interaction. In this Letter, we present the realization of a mesoscopic physical system (Au SPASER nanoparticle with polydopamine shell containing dye molecules Cy 7.5) in which the strong optical coupling regime allows: (i) to get rid of dye molecules quenching, (ii) to suppress photobleaching of dye molecules and (iii) to get a great enhancement of dye molecules fluorescence. We have reduced the rate of fluorescence quenching of dye molecules in PDA by 1000 times and increased the fluorescence emission rate of dye molecules by 30 time, thus preparing bright, nanoscale and biocompatible fluorescent probes suitable for bio-sensing applications. As an example of practical use of the probe, we demonstrate direct detection of single SARS-CoV-2 viral particle via fluorescence measurements of the probes attached to the viral particle through the antibodies.

scholarly journals Structural Basis for Broad Detection of Genogroup II Noroviruses by a Monoclonal Antibody That Binds to a Site Occluded in the Viral Particle

2012 ◽  
Vol 86 (7) ◽  
pp. 3635-3646 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Hansman ◽  
D. W. Taylor ◽  
J. S. McLellan ◽  
T. J. Smith ◽  
I. Georgiev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Viral Particle ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
A Site

scholarly journals HIV protease cleaves the antiviral m6A reader protein YTHDF3 in the viral particle

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e1008305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Jurczyszak ◽  
Wen Zhang ◽  
Sandra N. Terry ◽  
Thomas Kehrer ◽  
Maria C. Bermúdez González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Particle ◽  
Hiv Protease
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document