Respiratory, Acid-Base, and Metabolic Responses of the Christmas Island Blue Crab, Cardisoma hirtipes (Dana), during Simulated Environmental Conditions

1997 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jocelyn Dela-Cruz ◽  
Stephen Morris
Keyword(s):  
Blue Crab ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Christmas Island

Wetting and the physiological responses of grain-fed cattle in a heated environment

2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 253 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. Gaughan ◽  
M. Shane Davis ◽  
Terry L. Mader
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Hot Days ◽  
Carry Over

A controlled crossover experimental design was used to determine the effect of altered water sprinkling duration on heifers subjected to heat stress conditions. Heifers were subjected to 3 days of thermoneutral conditions followed by 3 days of hot conditions accompanied by water sprinkling between 1300 and 1500 h (HOT1–3). Then on the following 2 days (HOT4–5), environmental conditions remained similar, but 3 heifers were sprinkled between 1200 and 1600 h (WET) and 3 were not sprinkled (NONWET). This was followed by a 1-day period (HOT6) in which environmental conditions and sprinkling regimen were similar to HOT1–3. Rectal temperature (RT) was collected hourly, and respiration rate (RR) was monitored every 2 h on HOT Days 2, 4, 5, and 6. Dry matter intake and rate of eating were also determined. Sprinkling reduced RR and RT (P < 0.01) of all heifers during HOT1–3. During HOT4–5, WET heifers had lower (P < 0.05) RT than NONWET from 1300 to 700 h and lower RR from 1400 to 2000 h. Dry matter intake of NONWET heifers was reduced by 30.6% (P < 0.05) during HOT4–5 and by 51.2% on HOT6. On HOT4–5 the dry matter intakes of WET heifers were similar to intakes under thermoneutral conditions. During HOT6, RT was again reduced following sprinkling in all heifers. Comparison of RT and RR of NONWET and WET heifers on HOT1–3 v. HOT6 revealed that under similar environmental conditions, NONWET heifers had increased RT, partially due to carry-over from HOT4–5. However, NONWET heifers had 40% lower feed intake but tended to have lower RR on HOT6 v. HOT1–3. Only RR of WET heifers was greater on HOT6, possibly a result of switching from a 4-h back to a 2-h sprinkling period, while maintaining a 62% greater intake (5.80 v. 3.58 kg/day) than NONWET heifers during this time. Results suggest that inconsistent cooling regimens may increase the susceptibility of cattle to heat stress and elicit different physiological and metabolic responses.

Post-Moult Calcification in the Blue Crab (Callinectes Sapidus): Relationships between Apparent Net H+ Excretion, Calcium and Bicarbonate

1985 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 275-285
Author(s):  
JAMES N. CAMERON
Keyword(s):  
Blue Crab ◽  
Calcium Transport ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Callinectes Sapidus ◽  
Direct Coupling ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
External Concentration ◽  
External Ph

In the days immediately after moulting, manipulations of external pH, [HCO3−], and [Ca2+] were used to determine the nature of the rapid net Ca2+ influx and attendant apparent net H+ efflux in the blue crab (Callinectes sapidus Rathbun). Both fluxes were strongly inhibited by reductions in external [Ca2+], [HCO3−], or pH. The net Ca2+ influx was reversed at an external concentration of 2.5 mmol l−1, and both fluxes were reversed by reducing the external [HCO3−] to 0.2 mmol l−1. The correlation between net Ca2+ flux and apparent net H+ flux was 0.61 (P&lt;0.01), but the variability and the time course of most experiments indicated that the link was indirect, rather than a direct coupling or cotransport. This conclusion was also borne out by acid-base disturbances that occurred in the low-[Ca2+] treatment. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that inward calcium transport is accompanied by both inward HCO3− transport and outward H+ transport, probably by separate exchanges with ions of like charge such as Na+ and Cl−. Crustecdysone (β-ecdysone) does not appear to be involved in control of these post-moult fluxes and calcification.

Temperature and blood acid-base status in the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus

1978 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
James N. Cameron ◽  
Carol V. Batterton
Keyword(s):  
Blue Crab ◽  
Callinectes Sapidus ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Acid Base Status

33.3. Acid–base and metabolic responses to feeding in the dogfish shark: The alkaline tide goes out

2007 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
pp. S143
Author(s):  
C.M. Wood ◽  
M. Kajimura ◽  
C.P. Bucking ◽  
S.R. Nadella ◽  
J. Fitzpatrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Alkaline Tide ◽  
Dogfish Shark

scholarly journals Disentangling environmental drivers of circadian metabolism in desert-adapted mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jocelyn P. Colella ◽  
Danielle M. Blumstein ◽  
Matthew D. MacManes
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Metabolic Phenotyping ◽  
Physiological Adaptations ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
Environmental Transitions ◽  
Summary Statement ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Peromyscus Eremicus

ABSTRACTMetabolism is a complex phenotype shaped by natural environmental rhythms, as well as behavioral, morphological, and physiological adaptations. Although historically studied under constant environmental conditions, continuous metabolic phenotyping through environmental transitions now offers a window into the physiological responses of organisms to changing environments. Here, we use flow-through respirometry to compare metabolic responses of the desert-adapted cactus mouse (Peromyscus eremicus) between diurnally variable and constant environmental conditions. We contrast metabolic responses to circadian cycles in photoperiod, temperature, and humidity, against those recorded under constant hot-and-dry and constant cold-and-wet conditions. We found significant sexual dimorphism in metabolic responses, despite no measurable difference in body weight. Males seem to be more heat tolerant and females more cold tolerant. Under circadian environmental cycling, the ratio of CO2 produced to O2 consumed (the respiratory quotient or respiratory exchange ratio) reached greater than one, a pattern that strongly suggests that lipogenesis is contributing to the production of energy and endogenous water in this species. This hypothesis is consistent with the results of previous dehydration experiments in this species, which documented significant weight loss in response to dehydration, without other physiological impairment. Our results are also consistent with historical descriptions of circadian torpor in this species (torpid by day, active by night), but reject the hypothesis that this pattern is driven by food restriction or negative water balance, as both resources were available to animals throughout the experiments.SUMMARY STATEMENTContinuous metabolic phenotyping of desert-adapted cactus mice (Peromyscus eremicus) identifies significant metabolic differences between the sexes and circadian patterning consistent with lipogenesis and environmental entrainment.

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