Financial Support of Local Governmental Services: With Special Reference to Public Libraries in Cities of Medium Size

1963 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simeon E. Leland
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Public Libraries ◽  
Medium Size

scholarly journals Trends in the Dutch and Finnish library landscape

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sander van Kempen ◽  
Anne van den Dool ◽  
Pirkko Lindberg ◽  
Leena Parviainen
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Public Libraries ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
National Library ◽  
Content Type

PurposeThis paper aims to provide an overview of the current situation as it relates to library acts and prominent usage trends in public libraries in The Netherlands and Finland.Design/methodology/approachThe approach takes the form of a review of the relevant legislation, as well as statistical analysis from national library data in The Netherlands and Finland.FindingsThe findings suggest that while we can see a decrease in physical lending and literacy, we also see an increase in the number of visitors, digital lending as well as activities and events. In addition, in The Netherlands, financial support is decreasing, while in Finland, expenditures of public libraries are growing.Originality/valueThe paper draws upon various viewpoints from public libraries in The Netherlands and Scandinavia, focusing on Finland.

Yoshio Nishina and two cyclotrons

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
DONG-WON KIM
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Engineering ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Great Contribution ◽  
Physics Community ◽  
Modern Physics ◽  
Future Path

ABSTRACT Yoshio Nishina is often honored as ““a father of modern physics in Japan.”” By performing multiple roles as a competent researcher, a formidable teacher, and a shrewd organizer, he not only made a great contribution to the emergence of a research network that produced two Nobel prize winners in physics but also raised the level of Japanese physics overall. Among Nishina's many contributions to the Japanese physics community, the construction and operation of two cyclotrons during the 1930s and 1940s were the most celebrated. In this paper I try to answer the following questions: why did Nishina start the construction of two cyclotron in the mid-1930s?; how did he secure the necessary financial support?; what were the original objectives of the machines, and how were they were actually used?; what difficulties did he meet and overcome in the construction and running of the cyclotrons?; how significant was the Berkeley connection in contributing to the construction and operation of the cyclotrons?; why did Nishina skip the construction of the medium size cyclotron (30––40 inches) and move directly from a small (26-inch) to a large one (60-inch)?; and how much did the cyclotron project influence the future path of Japanese physics? I argue that Nishina's two cyclotrons, especially the larger one, should be considered as successful examples of reverse engineering, a hallmark of Japanese technology in the interwar period.

Coaches’ Views of Risk, Pain, and Injury in Sport, with Special Reference to Gender Differences

1994 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard L. Nixon
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Comprehensive University ◽  
Secondary Purpose ◽  
College Coaches ◽  
Sports Illustrated

The main purpose of this paper is to consider the extent to which college coaches subscribe to a set of beliefs in the culture of sport concerning risk, pain, and injury. These beliefs were derived from a prior content analysis of Sports Illustrated. A secondary purpose of this paper is to consider whether gender makes a difference in how coaches think about risk, pain, and injury. The data are from a survey of coaches at a medium-size (11,500-student) comprehensive university in the southeastern United States. The results showed ambivalence among coaches in their views of risk, pain, and injury, which suggested the existence of a risk–pain–injury paradox.

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