scholarly journals Recent Human Influenza A/H3N2 Virus Evolution Driven by Novel Selection Factors in Addition to Antigenic Drift

2009 ◽  
Vol 200 (8) ◽  
pp. 1232-1241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Memoli ◽  
Brett W. Jagger ◽  
Vivien G. Dugan ◽  
Li Qi ◽  
Jadon P. Jackson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Virus Evolution ◽  
Antigenic Drift ◽  
H3n2 Virus ◽  
Human Influenza ◽  
Selection Factors

scholarly journals Vaccination against Human Influenza A/H3N2 Virus Prevents the Induction of Heterosubtypic Immunity against Lethal Infection with Avian Influenza A/H5N1 Virus

PLoS ONE ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. e5538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rogier Bodewes ◽  
Joost H. C. M. Kreijtz ◽  
Chantal Baas ◽  
Martina M. Geelhoed-Mieras ◽  
Gerrie de Mutsert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
H5n1 Virus ◽  
H3n2 Virus ◽  
Human Influenza ◽  
Lethal Infection ◽  
Heterosubtypic Immunity

scholarly journals Divergent Human-Origin Influenza Viruses Detected in Australian Swine Populations

2018 ◽  
Vol 92 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Y. K. Wong ◽  
Celeste Donato ◽  
Yi-Mo Deng ◽  
Don Teng ◽  
Naomi Komadina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Swine Influenza ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Antigenic Drift ◽  
Human Origin ◽  
Human Influenza ◽  
Influenza A Viruses ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Antigenic Properties

ABSTRACTGlobal swine populations infected with influenza A viruses pose a persistent pandemic risk. With the exception of a few countries, our understanding of the genetic diversity of swine influenza viruses is limited, hampering control measures and pandemic risk assessment. Here we report the genomic characteristics and evolutionary history of influenza A viruses isolated in Australia from 2012 to 2016 from two geographically isolated swine populations in the states of Queensland and Western Australia. Phylogenetic analysis with an expansive human and swine influenza virus data set comprising >40,000 sequences sampled globally revealed evidence of the pervasive introduction and long-term establishment of gene segments derived from several human influenza viruses of past seasons, including the H1N1/1977, H1N1/1995, H3N2/1968, and H3N2/2003, and the H1N1 2009 pandemic (H1N1pdm09) influenza A viruses, and a genotype that contained gene segments derived from the past three pandemics (1968, reemerged 1977, and 2009). Of the six human-derived gene lineages, only one, comprising two viruses isolated in Queensland during 2012, was closely related to swine viruses detected from other regions, indicating a previously undetected circulation of Australian swine lineages for approximately 3 to 44 years. Although the date of introduction of these lineages into Australian swine populations could not be accurately ascertained, we found evidence of sustained transmission of two lineages in swine from 2012 to 2016. The continued detection of human-origin influenza virus lineages in swine over several decades with little or unpredictable antigenic drift indicates that isolated swine populations can act as antigenic archives of human influenza viruses, raising the risk of reemergence in humans when sufficient susceptible populations arise.IMPORTANCEWe describe the evolutionary origins and antigenic properties of influenza A viruses isolated from two separate Australian swine populations from 2012 to 2016, showing that these viruses are distinct from each other and from those isolated from swine globally. Whole-genome sequencing of virus isolates revealed a high genotypic diversity that had been generated exclusively through the introduction and establishment of human influenza viruses that circulated in past seasons. We detected six reassortants with gene segments derived from human H1N1/H1N1pdm09 and various human H3N2 viruses that circulated during various periods since 1968. We also found that these swine viruses were not related to swine viruses collected elsewhere, indicating independent circulation. The detection of unique lineages and genotypes in Australia suggests that isolated swine populations that are sufficiently large can sustain influenza virus for extensive periods; we show direct evidence of a sustained transmission for at least 4 years between 2012 and 2016.

A new antigenic variant of human influenza A (H3N2) virus isolated from airport and community surveillance in Taiwan in early 2009

2010 ◽  
Vol 151 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Rong Yang ◽  
Chao-Hua Lin ◽  
Chun-Jung Chen ◽  
Jian-Liang Liu ◽  
Yuan-Pin Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
H3n2 Virus ◽  
Human Influenza ◽  
Antigenic Variant

scholarly journals The evolution of human influenza viruses

2001 ◽  
Vol 356 (1416) ◽  
pp. 1861-1870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan J. Hay ◽  
Victoria Gregory ◽  
Alan R. Douglas ◽  
Yi Pu Lin
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Antigenic Drift ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
Human Influenza ◽  
Influenza A Viruses ◽  
Genetic Reassortment ◽  
Influenza Ah1n1 ◽  
Novel Influenza A

The evolution of influenza viruses results in (i) recurrent annual epidemics of disease that are caused by progressive antigenic drift of influenza A and B viruses due to the mutability of the RNA genome and (ii) infrequent but severe pandemics caused by the emergence of novel influenza A subtypes to which the population has little immunity. The latter characteristic is a consequence of the wide antigenic diversity and peculiar host range of influenza A viruses and the ability of their segmented RNA genomes to undergo frequent genetic reassortment (recombination) during mixed infections. Contrasting features of the evolution of recently circulating influenza AH1N1, AH3N2 and B viruses include the rapid drift of AH3N2 viruses as a single lineage, the slow replacement of successive antigenic variants of AH1N1 viruses and the co–circulation over some 25 years of antigenically and genetically distinct lineages of influenza B viruses. Constant monitoring of changes in the circulating viruses is important for maintaining the efficacy of influenza vaccines in combating disease.

scholarly journals Evolutionary study and phylodynamic pattern of human influenza A/H3N2 virus in Indonesia from 2008 to 2010

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. e0201427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agustiningsih Agustiningsih ◽  
Hidayat Trimarsanto ◽  
Restuadi Restuadi ◽  
I. Made Artika ◽  
Margaret Hellard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
H3n2 Virus ◽  
Human Influenza ◽  
Evolutionary Study

scholarly journals Antigenic analysis of prototype influenza A (H3N2) strains by the antiserum absorption method

1973 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gy. Tak´tsy ◽  
K. Barb
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Antigenic Drift ◽  
H3n2 Virus ◽  
Absorption Test ◽  
Absorption Method ◽  
Antigenic Analysis

SUMMARYPrototype strains of the influenza A (H3N2) virus can be arranged on a gradient showing the degree of the antigenic drift which the haemagglutinins of the strains have undergone. The demonstration of fine antigenic differences is based on an antiserum absorption test which allows a detailed antigenic analysis of strains. The gradient provides information on variation in strains occurring in different geographical areas and its use may be helpful in differentiating between introduced strains and locally developing variants.

scholarly journals Genetic variation analysis of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase of human influenza A/H3N2 virus in Hong Kong (1997-2006)

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (18) ◽  
pp. 1863-1898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Shubo ◽  
Yue Chen Jake ◽  
Rao Jianan ◽  
Zhang Shanghong ◽  
Wai Tin Chan Daniel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
H3n2 Virus ◽  
Variation Analysis ◽  
Human Influenza

scholarly journals Serological studies of influenza viruses in pigs in Great Britain 1991–2

1995 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. H. Brown ◽  
P. A. Harris ◽  
D. J. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
H1n1 Virus ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Antigenic Drift ◽  
H3n2 Virus ◽  
Influenza B Virus ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Influenza A Viruses

SUMMARYSamples from a sow serum bank representative of the pig population of Great Britain collected during 1991–2, were examined for antibodies to influenza A, B and C viruses, using viruses which had been isolated from a variety of hosts. For influenza A viruses there was evidence of the continued circulation of ‘classical swine’ H1N1 virus (26%) seroprevalence), and human H3N2 viruses (39%) which are antigenically most closely-related to A/Port Chalmers/1/73 virus. In addition antibodies were detected to A/swine/England/201635/92 (8%), a strain of H3N2 virus which appears to have arisen by antigenic drift from conventional H3N2 swine strains. Specific antibodies (2%) were detected to an H1N1 virus (A/swine/England/195852/92) related most closely to avian H1N1 strains. In tests with human H1N1 and H3N2 viruses, excluding isolates from pigs, the highest seroprevalence was detected to the prevailing strains from the human population. Serological tests with avian H4 and H10, human H2, equine 1 and 2 influenza A viruses were all negative. Seven pigs seropositive by haemagglutination-inhibition, virus neutralization and immunoblotting assays for antibody to influenza B virus, were randomly distributed geographically suggesting that influenza B viruses may be transmitted to pigs but fail to spread. The seroprevalence to influenza C viruses was 9·9% indicating that these viruses are widespread in pigs. These results provide further evidence that the pig can be infected by a number of influenza viruses, some of which may have significance in the epidemiology of human influenza.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document