scholarly journals Subunit Influenza Vaccines Produced from Cell Culture or in Embryonated Chicken Eggs: Comparison of Safety, Reactogenicity, and Immunogenicity

2009 ◽  
Vol 200 (6) ◽  
pp. 849-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith S. Reisinger ◽  
Stanley L. Block ◽  
Allen Izu ◽  
Nicola Groth ◽  
Sandra J. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Influenza Vaccines ◽  
Chicken Eggs ◽  
Embryonated Chicken

scholarly journals Improvement of Influenza A/Fujian/411/02 (H3N2) Virus Growth in Embryonated Chicken Eggs by Balancing the Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase Activities, Using Reverse Genetics

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (11) ◽  
pp. 6763-6771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Lu ◽  
Helen Zhou ◽  
Dan Ye ◽  
George Kemble ◽  
Hong Jin
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Virus Replication ◽  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Reverse Genetics ◽  
Influenza Vaccines ◽  
H3n2 Virus ◽  
Virus Growth ◽  
Chicken Eggs ◽  
Embryonated Chicken

ABSTRACT The H3N2 influenza A/Fujian/411/02-like virus strains that circulated during the 2003-2004 influenza season caused influenza epidemics. Most of the A/Fujian/411/02 virus lineages did not replicate well in embryonated chicken eggs and had to be isolated originally by cell culture. The molecular basis for the poor replication of A/Fujian/411/02 virus was examined in this study by the reverse genetics technology. Two antigenically related strains that replicated well in embryonated chicken eggs, A/Sendai-H/F4962/02 and A/Wyoming/03/03, were compared with the prototype A/Fujian/411/02 virus. A/Sendai differed from A/Fujian by three amino acids in the neuraminidase (NA), whereas A/Wyoming differed from A/Fujian by five amino acids in the hemagglutinin (HA). The HA and NA segments of these three viruses were reassorted with cold-adapted A/Ann Arbor/6/60, the master donor virus for the live attenuated type A influenza vaccines (FluMist). The HA and NA residues differed between these three H3N2 viruses evaluated for their impact on virus replication in MDCK cells and in embryonated chicken eggs. It was determined that replication of A/Fujian/411/02 in eggs could be improved by either changing minimum of two HA residues (G186V and V226I) to increase the HA receptor-binding ability or by changing a minimum of two NA residues (E119Q and Q136K) to lower the NA enzymatic activity. Alternatively, recombinant A/Fujian/411/02 virus could be adapted to grow in eggs by two amino acid substitutions in the HA molecule (H183L and V226A), which also resulted in the increased HA receptor-binding activity. Thus, the balance between the HA and NA activities is critical for influenza virus replication in a different host system. The HA or NA changes that increased A/Fujian/411/02 virus replication in embryonated chicken eggs were found to have no significant impact on antigenicity of these recombinant viruses. This study demonstrated that the reverse genetics technology could be used to improve the manufacture of the influenza vaccines.

scholarly journals Isolation and identification of Newcastle disease viruses from field outbreaks in chickens and pigeons

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
AC Mazumder ◽  
S Khatun ◽  
M Nooruzzaman ◽  
EH Chowdhury ◽  
PM Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Chicken Embryo Fibroblast ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Cytopathic Effects ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chicken Eggs ◽  
Embryonated Chicken

Eleven dead or sick birds submitted from farms in the year 2010 with a history of sudden death with respiratory and/or diarrhoeal signs were used for isolation and identification of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). All samples were subjected to routine necropsy. Pooled respiratory tissues were inoculated in embryonated chicken eggs and chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cell culture. The growth of NDV was confirmed by embryo mortality, cytopathic effects (CPE) in cell culture, haemagglutination (HA) and haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. The presence of NDV was confirmed by reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). At necropsy seven cases were tentatively diagnosed as Newcastle disease (ND). Out of seven ND-suspected samples, four yielded virus in both embryos and cell culture, while one was positive only in embryos, one only in cell culture and one sample was negative in both embryos and cell culture. RT-PCR successfully amplified a 766 bp fragment covering parts of Matrix and Fusion protein genes of NDV from the samples that were positive either in embryos or in cell culture. It is suggested that RT-PCR could be a rapid and sensitive tool for the detection of NDV. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bvet.v29i2.14341 Bangl. vet. 2012. Vol. 29, No. 2, 41-48

scholarly journals Enhanced isolation of influenza viruses in qualified cells improves the probability of well-matched vaccines

npj Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Peck ◽  
Karen L. Laurie ◽  
Steve Rockman ◽  
Vivian Leung ◽  
Hilda Lau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
Virus Isolation ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Influenza Vaccines ◽  
Isolation Method ◽  
Culture Production ◽  
Ha Protein ◽  
Chicken Eggs ◽  
Embryonated Chicken

AbstractInfluenza vaccines are utilised to combat seasonal and pandemic influenza. The key to influenza vaccination currently is the availability of candidate vaccine viruses (CVVs). Ideally, CVVs reflect the antigenic characteristics of the circulating virus, which may vary depending upon the isolation method. For traditional inactivated egg-based vaccines, CVVs are isolated in embryonated chicken eggs, while for cell-culture production, CVV’s are isolated in either embryonated eggs or qualified cell lines. We compared isolation rates, growth characteristics, genetic stability and antigenicity of cell and egg CVV’s derived from the same influenza-positive human clinical respiratory samples collected from 2008–2020. Influenza virus isolation rates in MDCK33016PF cells were twice that of eggs and mutations in the HA protein were common in egg CVVs but rare in cell CVVs. These results indicate that fully cell-based influenza vaccines will improve the choice, match and potentially the effectiveness, of seasonal influenza vaccines compared to egg-based vaccines.

Pacheco’s disease in a Hungarian zoo bird population: A case report

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Bistyák ◽  
S. Kecskeméti ◽  
R. Glávits ◽  
I. Tischler ◽  
S. Nagy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Chicken Embryo Fibroblast ◽  
Fibroblast Cell ◽  
Chicken Embryo Fibroblast Cell ◽  
Bird Population ◽  
First Occurrence ◽  
Fibroblast Cell Culture ◽  
Chicken Eggs ◽  
Allantoic Cavity ◽  
Embryonated Chicken

An epizootic of Pacheco’s disease is reported from a zoo bird population. The infection was introduced by wild-captured Patagonian conures ( Cyanoliseus patagonus ) despite 61 days of quarantine. The disease affected several parrot species and, interestingly, three out of seven bearded barbets ( Lybius dubius ). The mortality rate was 30.93%. Autopsy revealed abdominal hyperaemia with liver haemorrhages and, in less rapid cases, yellowish discoloration and fragility of the liver. Death was caused by the collapse of circulation. Histopathology demonstrated liver cell necrosis, disintegration of the lobular structure, and a few intranuclear inclusion bodies. Icosahedral virions were detected by electron microscopy. The virus was isolated in the allantoic cavity of embryonated chicken eggs as well as in chicken embryo fibroblast cell culture. A 281-bp-long fragment of psittacid herpesvirus DNA was detected by PCR in cell culture material and liver samples of the affected birds. To our knowledge this is the first report of Pacheco’s disease in bearded barbets as well as the first occurrence of Pacheco’s disease in Hungary.

scholarly journals Evaluation of avian adenovirus inactivation methods used in the production of influenza vaccines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
NN Savina ◽  
AA Ekimov ◽  
VP Trukhin ◽  
AE Evtushenko ◽  
EN Zhirenkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Influenza Vaccines ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Tetradecyltrimethylammonium Bromide ◽  
Avian Adenovirus ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Chicken Eggs ◽  
Embryonated Chicken

Inactivation of influenza virus and other potential contaminants like avian adenoviruses coming from embryonated chicken eggs is a critical step in the production of inactivated influenza vaccines. Inactivation must lead to a guaranteed reduction in contaminant titers by at least 4 lg (PFU)/ml. The aim of this study was to identify an optimum cell line for adenovirus propagation and to estimate a reduction in adenovirus titers in vaccine intermediates after inactivation. In a series of experiments, we identified the optimum conditions and the optimum cell line for the propagation of avian adenovirus (strains CELO and Fontes). The most commonly used inactivation methods were analyzed, including inactivation by β-propiolactone and UV light. Viral titers were measured by plaque assays. After 10 h of inactivation with β-propiolactone, CELO titers fell by 4.12 ± 0.06 lg, whereas Fontes titers, by 4.20 ± 0.19 lg, suggesting that β-propiolactone is an effective inactivating agent. Exposure to UV light led to a reduction in CELO titers by 4.69 ± 0.89 lg and a reduction in Fontes titers by 4.44 ± 1.06 lg after 5 min. N-octyl-β-D-glucopyranoside added at the splitting step reduced CELO titers by 0.93 ± 0.15 lg and Fontes titers by 1.04 ± 0.12 lg, whereas tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide led to a reduction in CELO and Fontes titers by 1.18 ± 0.17 lg and 1.12 ± 0.38 lg, respectively.

scholarly journals Genetic and phenotypic analysis of the pathogenic potential of two novel Chlamydia gallinacea strains compared to Chlamydia psittaci

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marloes Heijne ◽  
Martina Jelocnik ◽  
Alexander Umanets ◽  
Michael S. M. Brouwer ◽  
Annemieke Dinkla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Chlamydia Psittaci ◽  
Phenotypic Analysis ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
The Family ◽  
Chicken Eggs ◽  
Sequence Types ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Embryonated Chicken

AbstractChlamydia gallinacea is an obligate intracellular bacterium that has recently been added to the family of Chlamydiaceae. C. gallinacea is genetically diverse, widespread in poultry and a suspected cause of pneumonia in slaughterhouse workers. In poultry, C. gallinacea infections appear asymptomatic, but studies about the pathogenic potential are limited. In this study two novel sequence types of C. gallinacea were isolated from apparently healthy chickens. Both isolates (NL_G47 and NL_F725) were closely related to each other and have at least 99.5% DNA sequence identity to C. gallinacea Type strain 08-1274/3. To gain further insight into the pathogenic potential, infection experiments in embryonated chicken eggs and comparative genomics with Chlamydia psittaci were performed. C. psittaci is a ubiquitous zoonotic pathogen of birds and mammals, and infection in poultry can result in severe systemic illness. In experiments with embryonated chicken eggs, C. gallinacea induced mortality was observed, potentially strain dependent, but lower compared to C. psittaci induced mortality. Comparative analyses confirmed all currently available C. gallinacea genomes possess the hallmark genes coding for known and potential virulence factors as found in C. psittaci albeit to a reduced number of orthologues or paralogs. The presence of potential virulence factors and the observed mortality in embryonated eggs indicates C. gallinacea should rather be considered as an opportunistic pathogen than an innocuous commensal.

scholarly journals Cell Culture-based Influenza Vaccines as Alternatives to Egg-based Vaccines

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilseob Lee ◽  
Jin Il Kim ◽  
Man-Seong Park
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Influenza Vaccines

scholarly journals Simplified Method for Efficient Intravascular Inoculation of Chicken Embryos

1976 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-105
Author(s):  
C. L. Kelling ◽  
I. A. Schipper
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Trauma ◽  
Chicken Embryos ◽  
Simplified Method ◽  
Chicken Eggs ◽  
Embryonated Chicken ◽  
Embryonic Death

The simple syringe-stabilizer unit described in this note provides a means for rapid intravascular inoculation of embryonated chicken eggs with minimal embryonic death from vascular trauma.

New options for influenza vaccines: Quadrivalent, recombinant, and cell culture

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 545-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marissa M. Brokhof ◽  
Stephan L. Foster ◽  
Mary S. Hayney
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Influenza Vaccines
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