Architecture in the Age of Printing: Orality, Writing, Typography, and Printed Images in the History of Architectural Theory. Mario Carpo , Sarah Benson

2003 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-348
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Theory ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals The notion of limit in architectural theory. Two case studies in Portugal

ZARCH ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 58-69
Author(s):  
Tiago Lopes Dias ◽  
Rui Jorge Garcia Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Modern Architecture ◽  
Right To The City ◽  
Architectural Theory ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
History Of ◽  
Founding Principle ◽  
The Right ◽  
Transition Space ◽  
The City

Modern Portuguese architecture has been seen as the result of an eminently empirical and intuitive practice, dissociated from any effort of theoretical structuring. This paper intends to contradict that predominant view, presenting the notion of spatial limit as a subject that earned particular consideration from a younger, more critical and intellectually demanding generation of architects. Firstly, it introduces two notions directly related to limit - ‘extensions of the dwelling’ and ‘transition-space’ - presented in theses by Nuno Portas (b. 1934) and Pedro Vieira de Almeida (1933-2011) respectively, two highly innovative works in the academic panorama of early 1960s. Next, it focuses on the fundamental role each of the notions taken in investigative works that are parallel in time but substantially different. The first, Habitação evolutiva, is a typological study reflecting the spirit of its time by claiming the ‘right to the city’ as the founding principle of a model critical of CIAM urbanism. The second is an essay stemming from a critical reflexion on the work of an eclectic architect that eludes categorization (Raul Lino, 1879-1974) which sheds light on the need for a critical approach to the history of modern architecture.

scholarly journals Analytical Space Theories and Gyula Hajnóczi’s Spatiology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
János Krähling
Keyword(s):  
International Research ◽  
Spatial Perception ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Architectural Theory ◽  
Research Context ◽  
History Of ◽  
Analytical Research ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Wissenschaftliche Karriere

Gyula Hajnóczi’s scientific career is characterized by the intertwined cultivation of ancient architectural history of the Antiquity, architectural theory, and the preservation of monuments of the Antique world. From the late 1960s onwards, the need to develop a new theory of architecture became more and more pronounced in his researches, which was completed in the 1980s with the creation of the analytical space theory called Spatiology. This paper aims to analyse his complex analytical research methodology in the international research context. Hajnóczi’s research method of analysing the architectural space includes also the socially and psychologically determined factors of spatial perception. According to his analytical theory, the constructive-initiative medium can initiate spatial relations called vallum and inter-vallum, and by referring their quantitative survey, the definition of spatial qualities can be interpreted in relation to building, man and space in a wholistic approach. Architectural creation is theoretically approached in this duality, from the point of view of quantitative and qualitative characteristics. Hajnóczi’s work is little known internationally, however, by comparing and analysing it with the researches of his contemporaries, it can play an important role in the international research context. It is considered as one of the relevant theoretical architectural achievements in Hungary in the second half of the 20th century.Hajnóczi Gyula tudományos pályáját az ókori építészettörténet, az építészetelmélet és az antikvitás műemlékvédelmének egymásba fonódó művelése jellemzi. Az 1960-as évek végétől egyre markánsabban jelenik meg egy új építészetelmélet kidolgozásának igénye, amely az 1980-as években a Spaciológiaként elnevezett analitikus térelmélet megalkotásával vált teljessé.A cikk célja ennek az építészeti térre vonatkozó komplex analitikai kutatási módszertannak elemzése a nemzetközi kutatások tükrében. Hajnóczi építészeti térelméleti kutatási módszere magában foglalja a térészlelés társadalmilag és pszichológiailag meghatározott tényezőit is. Analitikai elmélete szerint a konstruktív-iniciatív közeg határozza meg a vallum és intervallum fogalmakkal meghatározott térbeli kapcsolatokat, majd ennek a kvantitatív elemzése alapján a térbeli minőségek meghatározása az épület, az ember és a tér vonatkozásában komplex módon értelmezhető. Az építészeti alkotás elméletileg ebben a kettősségben ragadható meg, kvantitatív és kvalitatív jellemzőivel. Hajnóczi munkássága nemzetközileg kevéssé ismert, azonban kortársainak kutatásaival összehasonlítva és elemezve fontos szerepet játszhat a nemzetközi kutatásokkal párhuzamba állítva. Műve a 20. század második felében hazánk egyik releváns elméleti építészeti eredményének számít.Die wissenschaftliche Karriere von Gyula Hajnóczi ist von der Verflechtung der Architekturgeschichte der Antike, der Architekturtheorie und der Erhaltung von Denkmälern der antiken Welt geprägt. Ab den späten 1960er Jahren wurde die Notwendigkeit, eine neue Architekturtheorie zu entwickeln, in seinen Forschungen immer deutlicher, die er in den 1980er Jahren mit der Schaffung der analytischen Raumtheorie namens Spaciologie abgeschlossen hat. Dieser Beitrag zielt darauf ab, seine komplexe analytische Forschungsmethodik im internationalen Forschungskontext zu analysieren. Hajnóczis Forschungsmethode zur Analyse des architektonischen Raums umfasst auch die sozial und psychologisch bestimmten Faktoren der räumlichen Wahrnehmung. Nach seiner analytischen Theorie initiiert das konstruktive-initiative Medium räumliche Beziehungen, die als Vallum und Intervallum bezeichnet werden, und unter Bezugnahme auf ihre quantitative Untersuchung kann die Definition räumlicher Qualitäten in Bezug auf Gebäude, Mensch und Raum in einem ganzheitlichen Ansatz interpretiert werden. Das architektonische Schaffen wird theoretisch in dieser Dualität unter dem Gesichtspunkt quantitativer und qualitativer Merkmale angegangen. Hajnóczis Werk ist international wenig bekannt. Durch den Vergleich und die Analyse mit den Forschungen seiner Zeitgenossen kann es jedoch eine wichtige Rolle im internationalen Forschungskontext spielen. Es gilt als eine der relevanten theoretischen architektonischen Errungenschaften in Ungarn in der zweiten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts.

scholarly journals Virtual Palimpsest and Pentimenti for an Architecture in Reality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Keegan Hannaway
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
City Council ◽  
Architectural Theory ◽  
Scaled Model ◽  
History Of ◽  
Modernist Architecture ◽  
A Site

<p>Behind every site is an unseen history. Before us, countless people have lived their lives through an ever evolving environment. This research examines how a process of uncovering site specific architectural and cultural histories using virtual reality can facilitate for the development of a design intervention that builds upon former histories of the site.  This has been done through a process of digitally unveiling traces of historic architectures, using notions of palimpsest and pentimento.   Palimpsest and pentimento are terms from art and literary studies which are concerned with the physical traces of historic processes left on parchment and canvas, the reworking and adding to a new piece that reflects what was before. Palimpsest as an architectural theory is somewhat related to ideas of historicism in 1980s post-modernist architecture.  This research was undertaken initially through conventional historical research using archival plans and photographs of former buildings on the site. These were obtained from sources such as the Wellington City Council and National Library of New Zealand in order to accurately determine what has previously existed. This history was then visually represented in three-dimensional digital models and overlaid onto a model of the site.  By digitally rebuilding each built intervention, users can occupy each phase separately or simultaneously in a virtual reality environment. This full scaled model enables an accurate visualisation of how the historic architecture really existed. Ideas such as scale, phenomenology, depth, form, and detail can be represented in virtual reality in a way that allows a greater understanding than simple flat images and plans.  This process then leads to a way of developing an architecture based off what made the previous buildings successful. Once Again using virtual reality, this time as a design tool, to root the new building in to its historical context, creating a deeper architectural experience.  Developing this process of using the history of a site as a tool for generating a new architecture allows for a greater meaning of the site, and for a deeper meaning to the architecture.</p>

‘The Professor’s Dream’: Cockerell’s Hypnerotomachia Architectura?

2009 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 117-145
Author(s):  
Anne Bordeleau
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Royal Academy ◽  
Architectural History ◽  
Architectural Theory ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
The Past ◽  
Hypnerotomachia Poliphili ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Architecture

In 1849, after teaching architectural history at the Royal Academy in London for just under a decade, the architect Charles Robert Cockerell (1788-1863) exhibited ‘The Professor’s Dream’, a graphic synopsis of the history of architecture (Fig. 1). Produced in an era dominated by historicism, the drawing operates between the two poles of historical relativism, negotiating the line between accumulation and rationalization. Some nineteenth-century architects, indiscriminately collecting, understood each style to have emerged from the particular conditions of their times, considering them distinct and yet equally valid. Other architects, critically ordering, privileged one style over another, variously justifying themselves on religious, technical, moral or structural imperatives. Cockerell’s ‘Dream’ is ambiguously positioned as a place of showing and a means of knowing, speaking both of an homage to the past and a vision of progress, apparently flattening a thousand years of history but inherently offering the depth of historical experience. David Watkin, Peter Kohane and, more recently, in the context of an exhibition at the Royal Academy, Nick Savage, have interrogated the drawing, the first two paralleling it with Francesco Colonna’s Hypnerotomachia Poliphili (1499), the latter framing it within a tradition of systematic charting of history, and suggesting a possible link to geological charts. While all these interpretations certainly stand, it is essential to recast them within a larger discussion of Cockerell’s understanding of history. Substantiating the different readings of the drawing — against Cockerell’s earlier drawings and surveys, within his architectural theory as expounded in his Royal Academy lectures, and in the larger perspective of the interests he cultivated since the 1820s — this essay brings to the fore the tension between ordering and experiencing, revealing how the architect was interested in the latent interstices between history and time.

Félix Duban's Didactic Restoration of the Château de Blois: A History of France in Stone

1996 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 412-434
Author(s):  
Richard Witman ◽  
Richard Wittman
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Architectural Theory ◽  
Architectural Style ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rich History

Félix Duban's restoration of the Château de Blois (1843-1870), one of the most ambitious and celebrated of the nineteenth century in France, has been neglected by historians more concerned with the restoration of medieval monuments and with the activity and influence of Eugène-Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc. This study interprets some of Duban's archaeologically unjustified alterations to this complex monument in the light of the historicist architectural theory associated with Duban and the other Romantic architects Labrouste, Duc, and Vaudoyer. The château is an accretion of buildings from several centuries in a variety of styles, and Duban's restoration of the medieval segment, the Salle des États-Généraux, is shown to be particularly crucial. It emerges from this study that Duban was concerned to highlight specific, politically meaningful aspects of the long and rich history of the monument, and to illustrate the Romantics' views about the dependence of architectural style on the evolution of human society. Duban's restoration presents a sharp counterpoint to the idealist theories of restoration associated with Viollet-le-Duc, and shows that restoration could be a powerful polemical weapon. The reading presented here places the restored château in the thick of the theoretical conflicts that characterized contemporary architectural debate.

scholarly journals ARCHITEKTŪROS POLITIKOS APRAIŠKOS LIETUVOS TARPUKARIO (1918–1940 M.) PERIODIKOJE: TARP REPREZENTACIJOS IR SOCIALINIO TEISINGUMO

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaidas Petrulis
Keyword(s):  
Interwar Period ◽  
Social Housing ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Spatial Representation ◽  
Architectural Theory ◽  
Architectural Discourse ◽  
Theoretical Position ◽  
The Press ◽  
History Of ◽  
Theory Relation

The paper concentrates on architectural discourse of the interwar period (1918–1940) of Lithuania. The main objective of the paper is to represent the history of the Lithuanian architectural thought of the period through analysis of the interwar press. Due to a wide scope of the problem the paper is devoted to one of the major problems of architectural theory – relation of policy/power and space. Following publications in the press, a few dominant aspects of the problem were distinquished: representation of the state (as an exemplar element of global political ideology), and issues of social housing (as illustration of local, towards practical decisions oriented policy). It is discovered that the dominant theoretical position concerning the matters of spatial representation is discussions on “national style”. While the socio-political discourse of Modern Movement mainly concentrates on discussions about “social housing colonies”. Santrauka Straipsnis skirtas Lietuvos tarpukario laikotarpio (1918–1940) teorinio diskurso analizei. Tekste, remiantis periodikoje publikuotais straipsniais, skirtais architektūros temoms, siekiama pažvelgti į šio periodo architektūrinės minties palikimą. Dėmesio objektu pasirinkta viena iš svarbesnių architektūrinio diskurso temų – architektūros ir politikos sąsajos. Išskiriami keli to meto spaudoje dominavę architektūros ir politikos sąveikos aspektai: valstybės erdvinės reprezentacijos problematika (kaip globalios, ideologinės politikos apraiška) bei socialinio būsto problematika (kaip lokalios, į tiesioginius sprendimus orientuotos politikos apraiška). Nustatyta, kad reprezentacinėje plotmėje dominuojanti teorinė pozicija – „tautinio stiliaus“ paieškos. Socialinei, politizuotai modernizmo teorijai būdingi aspektai daugiausiai reiškėsi menkiau teoretizuotose diskusijose apie „pigių būstų kolonijų“ kūrimą.

Leon Battista Alberti and the Homogeneity of Space

2004 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 424-439
Author(s):  
Branko Mitrović
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Theory ◽  
Leon Battista Alberti ◽  
Geometrical Construction ◽  
Symbolic Form ◽  
Homogenous Space ◽  
History Of ◽  
Erwin Panofsky ◽  
The Subject

In his "Perspective as Symbolic Form," Erwin Panofsky argued that the concept of homogenous space developed shortly before, and enabled, the discovery of the geometrical construction of perspective. Subsequent scholarship has suggested that this understanding arose much later. However, without the concept of space as homogenous, it is very difficult to conceive of such fundamental elements of architectural theory as dimension, proportion, shape, or the multiplication of shapes. Consequently, the question as to whether Renaissance theorists operated with the concept of homogenous space is of great importance not only for the history of perspective, but for the history of architectural theory as well. In this article, I explore Leon Battista Alberti's views on the subject.

scholarly journals Architecture as politics

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-74
Author(s):  
Gabriela Świtek
Keyword(s):  
Contemporary Art ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Architectural Theory ◽  
Politics Of Aesthetics ◽  
History Of ◽  
National Gallery Of Art ◽  
Philosophical Writings

The paper presents a comment on Jacques Rancière's thinking on architecture as traced in The Politics of Aesthetics and juxtaposed with a case study - 1st Exhibition of Architecture of the People's Poland. The exhibition organized in the era of Stalinism (1953) and shown in the Central Bureau for Artistic Exhibitions (nowadays the Zachęta - National Gallery of Art in Warsaw) is seen as a manifestation of 'artistic regimes' of the period and as aesthetisation of architecture which is commonly considered the most 'political' of all the (fine) arts. Architecture does not seem to be the main concern of The Politics of Aesthetics; most translators and (Polish) commentators of Rancière's philosophical writings draw our attention to the importance of his aesthetics for the relational aspects of contemporary art in public spaces. The article aims at emphasizing the architectural moments in Rancière's project of aesthetics as politics; it also elaborates a couple of notions poiēsis/mimēsis - as discussed by Rancière - in relation to architectural theory and history of architectural exhibitions.

Thinking manifesto on basic design studios in architectural education

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 96-100
Author(s):  
Hakan Saglam
Keyword(s):  
Design Education ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Architectural Education ◽  
Design Studio ◽  
Basic Design ◽  
Architectural Theory ◽  
Final Project ◽  
History Of ◽  
Education Design ◽  
Education Delivery

Design education delivery is reconsidered every semester from the first basic design course through to the final project class, and while there are diverse approaches to architectural theory worldwide, the problem of teaching architectural design is a continual question to educators, especially for design educators. Over different periods of time, very different approaches to design education have been pursued. These differing theories form the basis for architectural design education. Throughout this process, the history of design education has been shaped and it is important to be able to use the accumulation of knowledge from different fields within the context of ‘architectural education’. When we consider the transformation of design education historically and the differing approaches today, such as the effects of changing theories, scientific-culturalsub-structures, transformed super structures and the ever-changing theories on architectural education, the design studio educators should incorporate the benefits of this diverse learned knowledge into the design studio education.Keywords: Basic design, architectural education, design studios.

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