scholarly journals World Health Organization Ranking of Antimicrobials According to Their Importance in Human Medicine: A Critical Step for Developing Risk Management Strategies for the Use of Antimicrobials in Food Production Animals

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Collignon ◽  
John H. Powers ◽  
Tom M. Chiller ◽  
Awa Aidara‐Kane ◽  
Frank M. Aarestrup
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Human Medicine ◽  
World Health ◽  
Critical Step ◽  
Risk Management Strategies ◽  
Production Animals ◽  
Health Organization

scholarly journals How does the WHO Surgical Safety Checklist fit with existing perioperative risk management strategies? An ethnographic study across surgical specialties in Norway

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilde Valen Wæhle ◽  
Arvid Steinar Haugen ◽  
Siri Wiig ◽  
Eirik Søfteland ◽  
Nick Sevdalis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Performance Indicator ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Surgical Safety Checklist ◽  
Surgical Safety ◽  
Risk Management Strategies

Abstract Background The World Health Organization (WHO) Surgical Safety Checklist (SSC) has demonstrated beneficial impacts on a range of patient- and team outcomes, though variation in SSC implementation and staffʼs perception of it remain challenging. Precisely how frontline personnel integrate the SSC with pre-existing perioperative clinical risk management remains underexplored – yet likely an impactful factor on how SSC is being used and its potential to improve clinical safety. This study aimed to explore how members of the multidisiplinary perioperative team integrate the SSC within their risk management strategies. Methods An ethnographic case study including observations (40h) in operating theatres and in-depth interviews of 17 perioperative team members was carried out at two hospitals in 2016. Data were analysed using content analysis. Results We identified three themes reflecting the integration of the SSC in daily surgical practice: 1) Perceived usefullness; implying an intuitive advantage assessment of the SSCʼs practical utility in relation to relevant work; 2) Modification of implementation; reflecting performance variability of SSC on confirmation of items due to precence of team members; barriers of performance; and definition of SSC as performance indicator, and 3) Communication outside of the checklist; including formal- and informal micro-team formations where detailed, specific risk communication unfolded. Conclusion When the SSC is not integrated within existing risk management strategies, but perceived as an “add on”, its fidelity is compromised, hence limiting its potential clinical effectiveness. Implementation strategies for the SSC should thus integrate it as a risk-management tool and include it as part of risk-management education and training. This can improve team learning around risk comunication, foster mutual understanding of safety perspectives and enhance SSC implementation.

Pre-conceptual counselling in cardiology patients: still work to do and still missed opportunities. A comparison between 2015 and 2019 in women with cardiac disease attending combined obstetric cardiology clinics. Should the European Guidelines change anything?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Chethan R. Kasargod Prabhakar ◽  
Daisy Pamment ◽  
Peter J. Thompson ◽  
Hsu Chong ◽  
Sara A. Thorne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Cardiac Disease ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
World Health ◽  
Modest Improvement ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Women with underlying cardiac conditions have an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Counselling reproductive age women with heart disease is important to assist them in deciding whether to pursue pregnancy, to ensure their best cardiovascular status prior to pregnancy, and that they understand the risks of pregnancy for them and baby. This also provides an opportunity to explore management strategies to reduce risks. For this growing cohort of women, there is a great need for pre-conceptual counselling. This retrospective comparative audit assessed new referrals and pre-conceptual counselling of women attending a joint obstetric–cardiology clinic at a tertiary maternity centre in a 12-month period of 2015–2016 compared with 2018–2019. This reflected the timing of the introduction of a multidisciplinary meeting prior to clinics and assessed the impact on referrals with the introduction of the European Society of Cardiology guidelines. Data were reviewed from 56 and 67 patients in respective audit periods. Patient’s risk was stratified using modified World Health Organization classification. Less than 50% of women with pre-existing cardiac conditions had received pre-conceptual counselling, although half of them had risks clearly documented. The majority of patients had a recent electrocardiograph and echocardiogram performed prior to counselling, and there was a modest improvement in the number of appropriate functional tests performed between time points. One-third of patients in both cohorts were taking cardiac medications during pregnancy. There was a significant increase in the number of pregnant women with cardiac disease and in complexity according to modified World Health Organization risk classification. While there have been improvements, it is clear that further work to improve availability and documentation of pre-pregnancy counselling is needed.

scholarly journals How does the WHO Surgical Safety Checklist fit with existing perioperative risk management strategies? An ethnographic study across surgical specialities in Norway

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilde Valen Wæhle ◽  
Arvid Steinar Haugen ◽  
Siri Wiig ◽  
Eirik Søfteland ◽  
Nick Sevdalis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Performance Indicator ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Surgical Safety Checklist ◽  
Surgical Safety ◽  
Risk Management Strategies

Abstract Background The World Health Organization (WHO) Surgical Safety Checklist (SSC) has demonstrated beneficial impacts on a range of patient- and team outcomes, though variation in SSC implementation and staff`s perception of it remain challenging. Precisely how frontline personell integrate the SSC with pre-existing perioperative clinical risk management remains underexplored – yet likely an impactful factor on how SSC is being used and its potential to improve clinical safety. This study aimed to explore how members of the multidisiplinary perioperative team integrate the SSC within their risk management strategies. Methods An ethnographic case study including observations (40h) in operating theatres and in-depth interviews of 17 perioperative team members was carried out at two hospitals in 2016. Data were analysed using content analysis. Results We identified three themes reflecting the integration of the SSC in daily surgical practice: 1) Assessing utility; implying an intuitive advantage assessment of the SSC`s practical utility in relation to relevant work; 2) Customising implementation; reflecting performance variability of SSC on confirmation of items due to precence of team members; barriers of performance; and definition of SSC as performance indicator, and 3) Interactive micro-team communication; including formal- and informal micro-team formations where detailed, specific risk communication unfolded. Conclusion When the SSC is not integrated within existing risk management strategies, but perceived as an “add on”, its fidelity is compromised, hence limiting its potential clinical effectiveness. Implementation strategies for the SSC should thus integrate it as a risk-management tool and include it as part of risk-management education and training. This can improve team learning around risk comunication, foster mutual understanding of safety perspectives and enhance SSC implementation.

In Surplus and in Scarcity: Agricultural Development, Risk Management, and Political Economy on ofu Island, American Samoa

2016 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth Quintus ◽  
Melinda s. Allen ◽  
Thegn N. Ladefoged
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
High Volume ◽  
American Samoa ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Environmental Perturbations ◽  
Risk Management Strategies

AbstractMuch attention has been paid to the role of increased food production in the development of social complexity. However, increased food production is only one kind of agricultural process, and some changes in agronomic practices were geared toward stabilizing production or counteracting periodic shortfalls. The intersection between these latter strategies and sociopolitical development are poorly understood, while the long-term value of risk management strategies is often hypothesized but empirically not well demonstrated. We address these issues using recent archaeological data from the Samoan Archipelago, Polynesia. We investigate variability in, and the development of, one type of agricultural infrastructure: ditch- and-parcel complexes. In the context of Samoa’s high-volume rainfall, recurrent cyclones, and steep topography, these novel risk management facilities offered production stability and, by extension, long-term selective benefits to both emergent elites and the general populace. Their effectiveness against known hazards is demonstrated by hydrologicai modeling, while their long-term success is indicated by increased distribution and size over time. Additionally, based on their morphologies, funetional properties, chronology, and spatial patterning, we argue that this infrastructure could have been effectively used by emergent elites to gain political advantage, particularly in conjunction with environmental perturbations that created production bottlenecks or shortfalls.

The First Wealth is Health: Assessing the World Health Organization’s Impact on a High African Disease Burden

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiran Waterhouse
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
World Health ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
The World ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Health Organization

Underdeveloped regions of the world are plagued by a high prevalence of communicable diseases. Their deleterious effects on the quality of human life in such areas are clearly observable, making this a phenomenon worthy of sustained investigation. While no single factor determines the success or failure of development in a region, social scientists have attributed a measurable reduction in development capabilities to the enormously suppressive economic, social and psychological burdens of these communicable diseases. The institution of the World Health Organization, an agency of the United Nations, exists with a mandate to mitigate the harms of high disease burdens upon afflicted populations. In this paper, I evaluate the efficacy of the World Health Organization (WHO)’s work combating communicable diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa through an examination of its liberal methodology. To do so, I examine the mandate and methods of the World Health Organization with the aim of comprehending how its institutional features successfully promote consensus building and collaboration between domestic and international actors. I conclude that the WHO’s success stems from its entrenched philosophy of liberalism, an international relations perspective focused on creating cooperative ties between international actors. This finding is significant because it provides insight into how the social nature of communicable diseases makes international cooperation within all relevant political levels of analysis an indispensible component of disease management strategies.

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