Molecular Characterization ofStenotrophomonas maltophiliaIsolates from Cystic Fibrosis Patients and the Hospital Environment

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 753-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Marzuillo ◽  
Maria De Giusti ◽  
Daniela Tufi ◽  
Alessandra Giordano ◽  
Angela Del Cimmuto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Molecular Heterogeneity ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Clonal Spread ◽  
Multiple Strains ◽  
Outpatient Settings ◽  
And Control

Objectives.To ascertain whether cystic fibrosis (CF) patients are colonized or infected with unique or multiple strains ofStenotrophomonas maltophilia; to understand whether some strains colonize or infect more than 1 patient, indicating clonal spread; and to explore the molecular heterogeneity of hospital water isolates and their correlation with clinical isolates.Setting.The regional CF center of Policlinico “Umberto I” of Rome, Italy.Methods.The study was carried out on a random sample ofS. maltophiliaisolates (n= 110) collected from CF patients (n= 50) during the period 2002–2005 and on 24 water isolates obtained during a monitoring program in the first 6 months of 2005. Home environmental samplings were not performed. All isolates, which were recovered from cultures of specimens obtained in both inpatient and outpatient settings, were genotyped with DNA macrorestriction analysis with the restriction enzymeXbaland pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.Results.One-third of the patients with repeated episodes ofS. maltophiliainfection or colonization hosted more than 1 strain. A potential transmission, defined as the isolation of the same strain in 2 or more patients, occurred 5 times, showing a frequency of potential transmission episodes slightly higher than previously reported. Water, taps, and sinks of the different rooms of the CF center tended to be persistently colonized with the same strain ofS. maltophilia, with no correlation between clinical and water-associated isolates.Conclusions.The study does not provide sufficient data to conclude definitively that isolation of colonized or infected CF patients and control of hospital water systems contamination would be beneficial infection control measures. Epidemiologic analytical studies that correlate the presence ofS. maltophiliawith clinical outcomes are strongly needed.

scholarly journals Prevalence of carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in the Gomel Region

2019 ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
D. V. Tapalski ◽  
T. A. Petrovskaya ◽  
N. A. Bonda ◽  
A. I. Kozlova ◽  
O. V. Osipkina
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Healthcare Organizations ◽  
Antibacterial Drugs ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
District Hospitals ◽  
Central District ◽  
Regional Centers

Aim. Within the microbiological monitoring program, to study the prevalence of carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae in the healthcare organizations of the Gomel region and assess their level of resistance to antibacterial drugs. Materials and methods. For 91 clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae with multiple antibiotic resistance, isolated in Gomel and Gomel region, carbapenemase genes were detected by real-time PCR and sensitivity to antibacterial drugs was determined. Results. 68 carbapenemase producers were revealed: KPC — 1 isolate, OXA-48 — 47 isolates, NDM — 20 isolates. Carbapenemase producers were found in 11 Gomel health organizations and 8 central district hospitals of the regional centers of the Gomel region. All of them had an associated resistance to most antibiotics and retained sensitivity to colistin (91.2% sensitive isolates) and tigecycline (98.5%). Conclusion. The spread of carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae isolates in healthcare organizations makes it very difficult to conduct effective antibiotic therapy for patients and requires the introduction of appropriate infection control measures aimed at limiting their circulation in the hospital environment.

scholarly journals NURSES’ COMPLIANCE WITH INFECTION CONTROL MEASURES AND BARRIERS TO PRECAUTIONS IN THE DELIVERY ROOM

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
Inaam Abdelati ◽  
Maha Ali ◽  
Yousif A ◽  
Amany El-berdan
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Delivery Room ◽  
Standard Precautions ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Collection Data ◽  
Training Courses ◽  
And Control

Background: Nurses play crucial role in avoiding hospital procured infections, by guaranteeing that all viewpoints of their nursing practice is prove based, and also through nursing inquire research and understanding instruction. Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the nurse's compliance with infection control measures and-barrier precautions in delivery room. Methods: Research design: An exploratory design had been chosen for carrying out our paper. Setting: The study was carried out in four hospitals in Damietta governorate. Subjects: 51 on duty nurses were taken at the time of the study. Tools of data collection: Data were collected using self-administers questioners. Results: Findings revealed the existence of poor standard precautions (100%). There is connection between age, education level, work involvement experience, and compliance with standard safety measures and precautions at p<0.05. At the same time significant relation between training courses and compliance to standard precautions was p<0.05. Conclusion: The nurses in the current study faced a lot of barriers that posed a hindrance in implementing the infection control measures, such as in situations like: emergency situation, lack of equipment & supplies, lack of infection control measures, lack of periodical infection and control training course. Recommendations: Strategic plan to overcome obstacles & barriers that hinder nurses to compliance with infection control measures should be conducted. It is essential to consider the national standards of infection prevention adopted by the ministry of health in delivery room of all hospital in Damietta governorate.

scholarly journals Molecular Identification of Fusarium Species Recovered from Hospital Environment in Jos, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 303-308
Author(s):  
GE Kim ◽  
MO Okolo ◽  
UC Essien ◽  
UE Umeh ◽  
CC Iheukwumere
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Opportunistic Fungi ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Hospital Environments ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Fusariums pecies are opportunistic fungi that play an important role in nosocomial infection. The reservoir of Fusarium species in the hospital is not well understood in our environment. Therefore, the present study sought to identify the reservoir of Fusarium species in hospital environment. Three hundred and sixty (360) samples were collected from the environment of two tertiary health care facilities A and B. The sample consists of water (120), soil (120) and plants (120) which were sourced from hospital environments. Cultures of these samples were performed and polymerase chain reaction was used to confirm Fusarium species. The most predominant specie was Fusarium oxysporum Hospital A:(57.3%) and Hospital B:(64.4%). Most of the Fusarium isolates (76.7%) were recovered from soil samples, followed by water (45.0%) and the least were from plants (30.8%). In conclusion the present study has demonstrated that hospital environment is a reservoir for Fusarium species. However, identification of such reservoir would further enhance effective infection control measures.

Epidemic Bullous Impetigo in a Nursery Due to a Nasal Carrier of Staphylococcus aureus: Role of Epidemiology and Control Measures

1984 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 326-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allyn K. Nakashima ◽  
James R. Allen ◽  
William J. Martone ◽  
Brian D. Plikaytis ◽  
Beth Storer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Epidemic Strain ◽  
Nasal Carrier ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Epidemic Period ◽  
And Control

AbstractFrom September 14, 1981 to February 28, 1982, an epidemic of bullous impetigo caused by a penicillin/tetracycline resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus, phage type 3A/3C, occurred in a newborn nursery in Louisville, Kentucky. Twenty of 1,181 (1.7%) infants at risk developed disease during the six-month epidemic period. Clinically all case-infants had bullous impetigo skin lesions. One infant developed staphylococcal septicemia. No infant died. An epidemiologic investigation identified a nurse as having significantly greater contact with case-infants than control-infants (p=0.0013). She was also found to be a nasal carrier of the epidemic strain. Infection control measures appeared to decrease infant-to-infant transmission via the hands of non-colonized nurses, but did not affect transmission from the nurse carrying the epidemic strain to infants. No cases of bullous impetigo have occurred since this nurse was temporarily removed from the nursery for treatment.

scholarly journals Detection of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Genome in an Air Sample Originating from a Camel Barn Owned by an Infected Patient

mBio ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Esam I. Azhar ◽  
Anwar M. Hashem ◽  
Sherif A. El-Kafrawy ◽  
Sayed Sartaj Sohrab ◽  
Asad S. Aburizaiza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Air Sample ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
Animal Exposure ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a novel betacoronavirus that has been circulating in the Arabian Peninsula since 2012 and causing severe respiratory infections in humans. While bats were suggested to be involved in human MERS-CoV infections, a direct link between bats and MERS-CoV is uncertain. On the other hand, serological and virological data suggest dromedary camels as the potential animal reservoirs of MERS-CoV. Recently, we isolated MERS-CoV from a camel and its infected owner and provided evidence for the direct transmission of MERS-CoV from the infected camel to the patient. Here, we extend this work and show that identical MERS-CoV RNA fragments were detected in an air sample collected from the same barn that sheltered the infected camel in our previous study. These data indicate that the virus was circulating in this farm concurrently with its detection in the camel and in the patient, which warrants further investigations for the possible airborne transmission of MERS-CoV. IMPORTANCE This work clearly highlights the importance of continuous surveillance and infection control measures to control the global public threat of MERS-CoV. While current MERS-CoV transmission appears to be limited, we advise minimal contact with camels, especially for immunocompromised individuals, and the use of appropriate health, safety, and infection prevention and control measures when dealing with infected patients. Also, detailed clinical histories of any MERS-CoV cases with epidemiological and laboratory investigations carried out for any animal exposure must be considered to identify any animal source.

scholarly journals Economic Impact of Outbreaks of Norovirus Infection in Hospitals

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Y. Lee ◽  
Sarah M. McGlone ◽  
Rachel R. Bailey ◽  
Zachary S. Wettstein ◽  
Craig A. Umscheid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Johns Hopkins Hospital ◽  
Computer Simulation Model ◽  
Hospital Administrators ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Hospital Stays ◽  
And Control

Norovirus is highly infectious and can spread rapidly in healthcare settings, consuming resources and resulting in longer hospital stays. Although the economic impact of specific past outbreaks has been reported (eg, a 2007 outbreak of norovirus infection at Johns Hopkins Hospital cost an estimated $650,000), these costs may not be generalizable. We developed an economic computer simulation model to assist policy makers, hospital administrators, infection control professionals, and other healthcare workers in determining how much to invest in norovirus prevention and control interventions above and beyond existing infection control measures.

scholarly journals Overcoming Current and Preventing Future Nosocomial Outbreaks during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons Learned at Three Hospitals in Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 10226
Author(s):  
Makiko Komasawa ◽  
Myo Nyein Aung ◽  
Kiyoko Saito ◽  
Mitsuo Isono ◽  
Go Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Practical Knowledge ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Health Care Delivery Systems ◽  
And Control

Hospitals are increasingly challenged by nosocomial infection (NI) outbreaks during the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Although standardized guidelines and manuals regarding infection prevention and control (IPC) measures are available worldwide, case-studies conducted at specified hospitals that are required to cope with real settings are limited. In this study, we analyzed three hospitals in Japan where large-scale NI outbreaks occurred for hints on how to prevent NI outbreaks. We reviewed openly available information from each hospital and analyzed it applying a three domain framework: operation management; identification of infection status; and infection control measures. We learned that despite having authorized infection control teams and using existing standardized IPC measures, SARS-CoV-2 may still enter hospitals. Early detection of suspected cases and confirmation by PCR test, carefully dealing with staff-to-staff transmission were the most essential factors to prevent NI outbreaks. It was also suggested that ordinary training on IPC for staff does not always provide enough practical knowledge and skills; in such cases external technical and operational supports are crucial. It is expected that our results will provide insights into preventing NI outbreaks of COVID-19, and contribute to mitigate the damage to health care delivery systems in various countries.

scholarly journals Decreasing Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter Baumannii in Rīga East University Hospital / Multirezistentās Acinetobacter Baumannii Izplatības Mazināšanās Rīgas Austrumu Klīniskajā Universitātes Slimnīcā

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 232-236
Author(s):  
Māris Liepiņš ◽  
Raimonds Sīmanis ◽  
Aivars Lejnieks
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Venous Catheter ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Time Period

Abstract There has been an increasing tendency of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO), including multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDRAB), in the Rīga East University Hospital (REUH) during the last decade. Over the last two years (2014-2015), this tendency has reversed and the prevalence of MDRAB has decreased considerably. In this study we assessed the prevalence of MDRAB in intensive care units (ICUs), internal medicine, surgery units and analysed antibiotic sensitivity profiles. In addition, we determined if current infection control measures are preventing further increase of infections caused by MDRAB in REUH. Retrospective Acinetobacter baumannii prevalence data were collected for the period from 2009 until 2012. For the time period from the beginning of 2013 until 2015, after implementing such infection control measures as control of compliance to hand hygiene guidelines, a review of central venous catheter insertion protocols and regular search for sources of MDRAB in hospital environment, prospective follow-up of new cases was conducted. Antimicrobial sensitivity profiles were assessed for the period from 2013 until 2015. Data were processed with the statistical software WHONET 5.5. Bacteria identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed by VITEK 2 compact, BioMerieux, France. The prevalence of MDRAB in the period 2009 to 2013 increased from 71 to 217 cases per year, but from between 2013 (time of implementing infection control measures) and 2015 it decreased to 113 cases in 2015. In the three year period (2013-2015), the proportion of MDRAB causing bloodstream infections (BSI) and central nervous system infections (CNSI) was 15.85% from all identified MDRAB cases. Of the 113 MDRAB infections diagnosed in 2015, BSI was found in 16.81% cases (n = 19). Antibiotic resistance testing showed that colistin is the most effective drug against MDRAB. The majority of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates were resistant to Ampicillin/Sulbactam, Piperacillin/Tazobactam, Ceftazidime, Cefepime, Imipenem, Meropenem, Amikacin, Gentamicin, Tobramycin, and Ciprofloxacin. Over the last two years (2014-2015), prevalence of MDRAB infections decreased considerably. In the time period from 2013 to 2014, resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii increased to imipenem, ciprofloxacin and colistin, while decreased slightly to amikacin. Rigorous infection control measures, such as identification and elimination of new MDRAB sources in environment, review of the central venous catheter insertion protocol and improvements in hand hygiene, are crucial for decreasing distribution of and invasive infections caused by MDRAB in the hospital environment.

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