Hard X-Rays Associated with Type III Radio Bursts

2008 ◽  
Vol 680 (2) ◽  
pp. L149-L152 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Christe ◽  
S. Krucker ◽  
R. P. Lin
Keyword(s):  
Radio Bursts ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Type Iii

scholarly journals X-Ray Evidence for the Acceleration, Containment, and Emission of High Energy Flare Particles

1974 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 421-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth J. Frost
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Solar Observatory ◽  
Time Structure ◽  
Radio Bursts ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Thermal Component ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Explosive Phase

An instrument aboard the Fifth Orbiting Solar Observatory has observed hard solar X-rays from January 1969 to May 1972. A large number of X-ray bursts generated by solar cosmic ray flares have been observed. The X-ray bursts consist, in general, of two non-thermal components. The earliest occurring non-thermal component, coincident with the explosive phase, consists of a group of one to about ten X-ray bursts that are, for each burst, approximately 10 s duration and symmetrical in rise and decay. The time structure and multiplicity of these bursts is remarkably similar to that found in type III radio bursts in the meterwave band. The spectra of these bursts steepens sharply at energies greater than 100 keV indicating a limit at this energy for electron acceleration during the explosive or flash phase of the flare. For several flares these multiple X-ray bursts have occurred in coincidence with a group of type III bursts.

Electron Exciter Speeds Associated with Interplanetary Type III Solar Radio Bursts

Solar Physics ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 290 (10) ◽  
pp. 2975-3004 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Reiner ◽  
R. J. MacDowall
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radio ◽  
Radio Bursts ◽  
Solar Radio Bursts ◽  
Type Iii

WindSpacecraft Observations of Solar Impulsive Electron Events Associated with Solar Type III Radio Bursts

1998 ◽  
Vol 503 (1) ◽  
pp. 435-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Ergun ◽  
D. Larson ◽  
R. P. Lin ◽  
J. P. McFadden ◽  
C. W. Carlson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radio Bursts ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Solar Type

scholarly journals Near-atomic resolution analysis of BipD, a component of the type III secretion system ofBurkholderia pseudomallei

2010 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 990-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pal ◽  
P. T. Erskine ◽  
R. S. Gill ◽  
S. P. Wood ◽  
J. B. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Form ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Secretion Systems ◽  
Monoclinic Crystal ◽  
Major Function ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Target Cell Membrane ◽  
Type Iii Protein Secretion

Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, possesses a type III protein secretion apparatus that is similar to those found inSalmonellaandShigella. A major function of these secretion systems is to inject virulence-associated proteins into target cells of the host organism. ThebipDgene ofB. pseudomalleiencodes a secreted virulence factor that is similar in sequence and is most likely to be functionally analogous to IpaD fromShigellaand SipD fromSalmonella. Proteins in this family are thought to act as extracellular chaperones at the tip of the secretion needle to help the hydrophobic translocator proteins enter the target cell membrane, where they form a pore and may also link the translocon pore with the secretion needle. BipD has been crystallized in a monoclinic crystal form that diffracted X-rays to 1.5 Å resolution and the structure was refined to anRfactor of 16.1% and anRfreeof 19.8% at this resolution. The putative dimer interface that was observed in previous crystal structures was retained and a larger surface area was buried in the new crystal form.

Correlations of solar-flare electron events with radio and X-ray emission from the sun

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. S757-S760 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Lin
Keyword(s):  
Solar Flare ◽  
Solar Radio ◽  
Interplanetary Space ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Radio Bursts ◽  
Radio Observations ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Electron Event ◽  
Burst Emission

The > 40-keV solar-flare electrons observed by the IMP III and Mariner IV satellites are shown to be closely correlated with solar radio and X-ray burst emission. In particular, intense type III radio bursts are observed to accompany solar electron-event flares. The energies of the electrons, the total number of electrons, and the size of the electron source at the sun can be inferred from radio observations. The characteristics of the electrons observed in interplanetary space are consistent with these radio observations. Therefore these electrons are identified as the exciting agents of the type III emission. It has been noted that the radio and X-ray bursts are part of the flash phase of flares. The observations indicate that a striking feature of the flash phase is the production of electrons of 10–100 keV energies.

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