Comparative Methods with Sampling Error and Within‐Species Variation: Contrasts Revisited and Revised

2008 ◽  
Vol 171 (6) ◽  
pp. 713-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Felsenstein
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Error ◽  
Comparative Methods ◽  
Species Variation

scholarly journals A Bayesian model for xylem vessel length accommodates subsampling and reveals skewed distributions in species that dominate seasonal habitats.

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. e003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brad Oberle ◽  
Kiona Ogle ◽  
Juan Carlos Penagos Zuluaga ◽  
Jonathan Sweeney ◽  
Amy E. Zanne
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Sampling Error ◽  
Secondary Growth ◽  
Length Distribution ◽  
Vascular Anatomy ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Bayesian Framework ◽  
Species Variation ◽  
Length Variation ◽  
Vessel Length

Vessel  length  is  an  important  but  understudied  dimension  of  variation  in  angiosperm  vascular  anatomy. Among other traits, vessel length mediates an important tradeoff between hydraulic efficiency and safety that could  influence  how  plants  respond  to  extreme  weather  with  climate  change.  However,  the  functional significance  of vessel length variation within individual stems is poorly known, in part because existing data analysis methods handle uncertainty in a way that makes vessel length distributions difficult to compare. We provide a solution to this problem through a hierarchical Bayesian framework for estimating vessel lengths and we demonstrate the flexibility of this method by applying it to data from serial cross sections of dye injected stems. Our approach can accelerate data collection and accommodate  associated uncertainties by statistically correcting for bias and error that result from subsampling images. We illustrate our analytical framework by estimating and comparing vessel length distributions for 21 woody species characteristic of a North American forest.  The best-fit  model  corrected  for both bias due to secondary  growth  and sampling  error  within  and among  species.  Vessel  length  estimates  from  this  model  varied  by  almost  an  order  of  magnitude  and parameters  of these  distributions  correlated  with  point  estimates  derived  from  a different,  commonly  used method. Furthermore, we show how key contrasts can be estimated with the Bayesian framework, and in doing so, we show that the shape of the vessel length distribution differed between ring- and diffuse-porous species, suggesting that within-stem vessel length variation corresponds to water stress seasonality and contributes to landscape-level  habitat segregation. Our analysis method revealed the importance of within-stem variation in vessel length, and our results complement work on between-species variation in average vessel length, further illuminating how vascular anatomy can influence woody plants’ responses to water stress.

scholarly journals Within-Species Variation and Measurement Error in Phylogenetic Comparative Methods

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony R. Ives ◽  
Peter E. Midford ◽  
Theodore Garland
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Error ◽  
Comparative Methods ◽  
Species Variation ◽  
Phylogenetic Comparative Methods

The description-experience gap: Beyond sampling error and recency

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Hau ◽  
Timothy J. Pleskac ◽  
Ralph Hertwig
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Error

Sampling Error for Leaf Water Potential Measurements in Wheat 1

Crop Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 380-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Johnson ◽  
H. T. Nguyen ◽  
R. W. McNew ◽  
D. M. Ferris
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Sampling Error ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Water Potential Measurements

Summary: Process Tracing and Comparative Methods

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Bennett ◽  
Tasha Fairfield ◽  
Hillel David Soifer
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Methods ◽  
Process Tracing

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan L. Ready
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Literature ◽  
Linguistic Anthropology ◽  
Comparative Methods ◽  
Classical Studies ◽  
Bibliographical Survey

This chapter aims to convince Homerists and their fellow travelers in classical studies that they will find this entire book of value and to persuade those with interests in comparative literature, ethnography, folkloristics, and linguistic anthropology that they should at least read Part I. The chapter reviews the precedents for and goals of this study, defends the choice of the phrases “the Iliad poet” and “the Odyssey poet,” explains the comparative methods used, provides a bibliographical survey of the modern oral poetries investigated in the book, defines a simile, and summarizes the contents of each chapter.

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