Moving beyond Common‐Garden and Transplant Designs: Insight into the Causes of Local Adaptation in Species Interactions

2008 ◽  
Vol 171 (5) ◽  
pp. 658-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott L. Nuismer ◽  
Sylvain Gandon
Keyword(s):  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Insight Into

scholarly journals Strengthened mutualistic adaptation between teosinte and its rhizosphere biota in cold climates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna M. O’Brien ◽  
Ruairidh J.H. Sawers ◽  
Jaime Gasca-Pineda ◽  
Ivan Baxter ◽  
Luis E. Eguiarte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Stress Gradient ◽  
Biotic Interactions ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
List Type ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Elevational Variation

SummaryWhile abiotic environments consistently shape local adaptation, the strength of local adaptation to biotic interactions may vary more. One theory, COCO (CO-evolutionary Outcomes across Conditionality), predicts it may be strongest where species experience greater stress, because stress increases fitness impacts of species interactions. For example, in plant interactions with rhizosphere biota, positive outcomes increase with stress from low soil fertility, drought and cold.To investigate the influence of abiotic stress gradients on adaptation between plants and rhizosphere biota, we used a greenhouse common garden experiment recombining teosinte, Zea mays ssp. mexicana (wild relative of maize), and rhizosphere biota, collected across a stress gradient (elevational variation in temperature, precipitation, and nutrients).We found stronger local adaptation between teosinte and rhizosphere biota from colder, more stressful sites, as expected by COCO. However, biota from less stressful, warmer sites provided greater average benefits across teosinte populations. Links between plant traits and 20-element profiles of plant leaves explained fitness variation, persisted in the field, were influenced by both plants and biota, and largely reflected patterns of local adaptation.In sum, we uncovered greater local adaptation to biotic interactions in colder sites, and that both plants and rhizosphere biota affect the expression of plant phenotypes.

scholarly journals Evolutionary inference from QST-FST comparisons: disentangling local adaptation from altitudinal gradient selection in snapdragon plants

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Marin ◽  
Juliette Archambeau ◽  
Vincent Bonhomme ◽  
Mylène Lascoste ◽  
Benoit Pujol
Keyword(s):  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Structured Populations ◽  
Adaptive Divergence ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Phenotypic Differentiation ◽  
Multiple Populations ◽  
Environmental Demand

ABSTRACTPhenotypic differentiation among natural populations can be explained by natural selection or by neutral processes such as drift. There are many examples in the literature where comparing the effects of these processes on multiple populations has allowed the detection of local adaptation. However, these studies rarely identify the agents of selection. Whether population adaptive divergence is caused by local features of the environment, or by the environmental demand emerging at a more global scale, for example along altitudinal gradients, is a question that remains poorly investigated. Here, we measured neutral genetic (FST) and quantitative genetic (QST) differentiation among 13 populations of snapdragon plants (Antirrhinum majus) in a common garden experiment. We found low but significant genetic differentiation at putatively neutral markers, which supports the hypothesis of either ongoing pervasive homogenisation via gene flow between diverged populations or reproductive isolation between disconnected populations. Our results also support the hypothesis of local adaptation involving phenological, morphological, reproductive and functional traits. They also showed that phenotypic differentiation increased with altitude for traits reflecting the reproduction and the phenology of plants, thereby confirming the role of such traits in their adaptation to environmental differences associated with altitude. Our approach allowed us to identify candidate traits for the adaptation to climate change in snapdragon plants. Our findings imply that environmental conditions changing with altitude, such as the climatic envelope, influenced the adaptation of multiple populations of snapdragon plants on the top of their adaptation to local environmental features. They also have implications for the study of adaptive evolution in structured populations because they highlight the need to disentangle the adaptation of plant populations to climate envelopes and altitude from the confounding effects of selective pressures acting specifically at the local scale of a population.

scholarly journals Genomics of sorghum local adaptation to a parasitic plant

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (8) ◽  
pp. 4243-4251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily S. Bellis ◽  
Elizabeth A. Kelly ◽  
Claire M. Lorts ◽  
Huirong Gao ◽  
Victoria L. DeLeo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Balancing Selection ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Striga Hermonthica ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Genome Wide

Host–parasite coevolution can maintain high levels of genetic diversity in traits involved in species interactions. In many systems, host traits exploited by parasites are constrained by use in other functions, leading to complex selective pressures across space and time. Here, we study genome-wide variation in the staple crop Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench and its association with the parasitic weed Striga hermonthica (Delile) Benth., a major constraint to food security in Africa. We hypothesize that geographic selection mosaics across gradients of parasite occurrence maintain genetic diversity in sorghum landrace resistance. Suggesting a role in local adaptation to parasite pressure, multiple independent loss-of-function alleles at sorghum LOW GERMINATION STIMULANT 1 (LGS1) are broadly distributed among African landraces and geographically associated with S. hermonthica occurrence. However, low frequency of these alleles within S. hermonthica-prone regions and their absence elsewhere implicate potential trade-offs restricting their fixation. LGS1 is thought to cause resistance by changing stereochemistry of strigolactones, hormones that control plant architecture and below-ground signaling to mycorrhizae and are required to stimulate parasite germination. Consistent with trade-offs, we find signatures of balancing selection surrounding LGS1 and other candidates from analysis of genome-wide associations with parasite distribution. Experiments with CRISPR–Cas9-edited sorghum further indicate that the benefit of LGS1-mediated resistance strongly depends on parasite genotype and abiotic environment and comes at the cost of reduced photosystem gene expression. Our study demonstrates long-term maintenance of diversity in host resistance genes across smallholder agroecosystems, providing a valuable comparison to both industrial farming systems and natural communities.

scholarly journals Multiple common garden experiments suggest lack of local adaptation in an invasive ornamental plant

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Ebeling ◽  
J. Stocklin ◽  
I. Hensen ◽  
H. Auge
Keyword(s):  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
Common Garden Experiments

scholarly journals The macroecology of rapid evolutionary radiation

2011 ◽  
Vol 278 (1717) ◽  
pp. 2486-2494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas F. Parnell ◽  
J. Todd Streelman
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Radiation ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Ecological Communities ◽  
Core Set ◽  
Evolutionary Radiation ◽  
Local Species ◽  
Entire Lake ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Occurrence Of Species

A long-standing debate in ecology addresses whether community composition is the result of stochastic factors or assembly rules. Non-random, over-dispersed patterns of species co-occurrence have commonly been attributed to competition—a particularly important force in adaptive radiation. We thus examined the macroecology of the recently radiated cichlid rock-fish assemblage in Lake Malawi, Africa at a spectrum of increasingly fine spatial scales (entire lake to depth within rock-reef sites). Along this range of spatial scales, we observed a signal of community structure (decreased co-occurrence of species) at the largest and smallest scales, but not in between. Evidence suggests that the lakewide signature of structure is driven by extreme endemism and micro-allopatric speciation, while patterns of reduced co-occurrence with depth are indicative of species interactions. We identified a ‘core’ set of rock-reef species, found in combination throughout the lake, whose depth profiles exhibited replicated positive and negative correlation. Our results provide insight into how ecological communities may be structured differently at distinct spatial scales, re-emphasize the importance of local species interactions in community assembly, and further elucidate the processes shaping speciation in this model adaptive radiation.

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