scholarly journals Association of Nasopharyngeal Bacterial Colonization during Upper Respiratory Tract Infection and the Development of Acute Otitis Media

2008 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. e34-e37 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Revai ◽  
D. Mamidi ◽  
T. Chonmaitree
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory

scholarly journals Nasopharyngeal microbiota in infants and changes during viral upper respiratory tract infection and acute otitis media

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. e0180630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tasnee Chonmaitree ◽  
Kristofer Jennings ◽  
Georgiy Golovko ◽  
Kamil Khanipov ◽  
Maria Pimenova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory

scholarly journals Prevalence of acute otitis media in children younger than four years

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Marques ◽  
Carolina Fernandes ◽  
Carla Moura ◽  
António Miguéis
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Acute Mastoiditis ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Abstract Background Acute otitis media (AOM) is one of the most common diseases in childhood, affecting approximately 50% of all children. The most common age range to develop AOM is 3–24 months, due to a current or recent upper respiratory tract infection, which induces the eustachian tube to develop fluid or secretion from the middle ear inflammation. The acute onset of symptoms in older children is characterized by otalgia and rubbing of the ear, however, AOM in younger children include nonspecific symptoms such as fever, irritability, or poor feeding, being unreliable guides to the diagnosis. Thus, the underdiagnosis of AOM can lead to serious complications include acute mastoiditis or meningitis. Hence, the study aims to investigate the prevalence of AOM in children younger than four years. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in a kindergarten, being enrolled children between 1 and 4 years. The protocol included otoscopy and tympanometry. Results A total of 23 children with a mean age of 2-year-old (SD = 0.88) were evaluated, with 17 children (34.8%) diagnosed with AOM, of whom 2 (15.4%) had unilateral alterations and 11 (84.6%) bilateral alterations. Conclusions AOM is one of the main childhood pathologies, affecting approximately 34.8% of younger children. Success in decreasing prevalence of AOM will depend on prevention of nasopharyngeal pathogen colonization, as well as decrease of viral upper respiratory tract infection, which can be reduced with nasal saline irrigation, a clinical and economic therapeutic approach.

scholarly journals Viral-Bacterial Interactions and Risk of Acute Otitis Media Complicating Upper Respiratory Tract Infection

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 3750-3755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melinda M. Pettigrew ◽  
Janneane F. Gent ◽  
Richard B. Pyles ◽  
Aaron L. Miller ◽  
Johanna Nokso-Koivisto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Bacterial Interactions ◽  
Upper Respiratory

scholarly journals Toll-Like Receptors: Expression and Roles in Otitis Media

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 7868
Author(s):  
Su Young Jung ◽  
Dokyoung Kim ◽  
Dong Choon Park ◽  
Sung Soo Kim ◽  
Tong In Oh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Toll Like Receptors ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Otitis media is mainly caused by upper respiratory tract infection and eustachian tube dysfunction. If external upper respiratory tract infection is not detected early in the middle ear, or an appropriate immune response does not occur, otitis media can become a chronic state or complications may occur. Therefore, given the important role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the early response to external antigens, we surveyed the role of TLRs in otitis media. To summarize the role of TLR in otitis media, we reviewed articles on the expression of TLRs in acute otitis media (AOM), otitis media with effusion (OME), chronic otitis media (COM) with cholesteatoma, and COM without cholesteatoma. Many studies showed that TLRs 1–10 are expressed in AOM, OME, COM with cholesteatoma, and COM without cholesteatoma. TLR expression in the normal middle ear mucosa is absent or weak, but is increased in inflammatory fluid of AOM, effusion of OME, and granulation tissue and cholesteatoma of COM. In addition, TLRs show increased or decreased expression depending on the presence or absence of bacteria, recurrence of disease, tissue type, and repeated surgery. In conclusion, expression of TLRs is associated with otitis media. Inappropriate TLR expression, or delayed or absent induction, are associated with the occurrence, recurrence, chronicization, and complications of otitis media. Therefore, TLRs are very important in otitis media and closely related to its etiology.

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