scholarly journals Efforts to Prevent HIV Infection That Target People Living with HIV/AIDS: What Works?

2007 ◽  
Vol 45 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. S308-S312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron Stall
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
What Works ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

scholarly journals Mapping evidence on adolescents’ HIV-positive status disclosure in sub-Saharan Africa: a protocol for a scoping review

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patience Adzordor ◽  
Clement Avoka ◽  
Vitalis Bawontuo ◽  
Silas Agbesi ◽  
Desmond Kuupiel
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Keyword Search ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Status Disclosure ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) homes most of the people living with HIV/AIDS in the world. Adolescents/young people are a vulnerable population and at high risk of HIV infection. Identifying and bridging the research gaps on the disclosure of HIV-positive status among adolescents, particularly to their sexual partners, is essential to inform appropriate policy planning and implementation towards preventing HIV transmission. This study will aim to explore literature and describe the evidence on HIV-positive status disclosure among adolescents in SSA. Methods The framework provided by Arksey and O’Malley’s framework and improved by Levac and colleagues will be used to conduct a scoping review. A keyword search for relevant literature presenting evidence on HIV-positive status disclosure among adolescents in SSA will be conducted in CINAHL, PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and SCOPUS. Date limitations will be removed, but Boolean terms “AND” and “OR” as well as Medical Subject Headings terms will be included where possible and syntax modified to suit the database during the search. Additional relevant articles will be sought from the reference lists of all included studies using a snowballing method. Two reviewers will independently screen the articles at the abstract and full-text screening phases in order to reduce bias and improve the reliability of this study’s findings. A tabular form will be developed using Microsoft Word and piloted for data extraction. Thematic content analysis will be conducted, and a narrative summary of all relevant outcomes reported. Quality appraisal of the included studies for this proposed study will be performed utilizing the recent mixed methods appraisal tool. Discussion The evidence produced by this review may help inform policy and strategies to reduce the incidence of HIV infection among adolescents and improve social support for adolescents living with HIV/AIDS in SSA. It may also reveal literature gaps to guide future researches to further inform HIV policies for adolescents in SSA. Platforms such as peer review journals, policy briefs, and conferences will be used to disseminate this study’s findings.

scholarly journals The Association between CD-4 Level, Stress and Depression Symptoms among People Living with HIV/AIDS

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (20) ◽  
pp. 3459-3463
Author(s):  
Elmeida Effendy ◽  
Mustafa M. Amin ◽  
Lidya De Vega ◽  
Nurul Utami
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

BACKGROUND: The lives of individuals diagnosed with HIV and the subsequent illness, AIDS, were often chaotic because these individuals deal with the physical, emotional, and interpersonal sequelae of this illness. Depressive symptoms and stress were common and impact on functioning, quality of life, and health status, highlighting the importance of diagnosis and treatment of patients with HIV infection. Psychiatric clinical practice and rating scales have come to play an ever-increasing role both in determining specific symptoms and diagnosing an individual condition. Descriptive reports of psychiatric morbidity among those with HIV infection, that relied primarily on self-report rating scales, described high rates of symptomatic depression and stress. AIM: This study aimed to determine the proportion of depression among people living with HIV/AIDS using the BDI-II and PSS to determine a relationship between symptoms of depression and stress with CD4 counts. METHODS: This study was a numerical correlative analytic study with a cross-sectional study approach that assessed the correlation between stress, depression and CD4 level in people with HIV/AIDS that were receiving ARV therapy in the Voluntary Counselling Test (VCT) Polyclinic of General Hospital Haji Medan by recruiting 46 subjects. CD4 level was examined in the Pramita Medan laboratory. RESULTS: When analysis of BDI-II level and CD4 scores were done, a significant correlation was found (P < 0.05). The strength of the relationship between the BDI score and the CD4 score was 0.548 revealing a positive correlation with moderate correlation strength CONCLUSION: We have shown a significant relationship between depression, stress and CD4 level among people with HIV/AIDS in Medan, Indonesia. Psychological distress may affect the immunity in infected people, leading to the disease progressivity.

scholarly journals Predictors of overall mortality among people living with HIV/AIDS in Brazil, 2007-2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M E Santos ◽  
R A Ribeiro ◽  
C Protopopescu ◽  
M Nishimwe ◽  
I Yaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
National Database ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Overall Mortality ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background In Brazil there are 926,742 people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Despite the introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in 1996 and treatment for all in 2014, mortality has increased in some regions. This study aimed to estimate the factors associated with overall mortality in PLWHA to recommend public health actions. Methods We studied PLWHA aged ≥18 years old, followed-up from 2007 to 2015 in the universal health system in Brazil. We used a national database (disease reporting, laboratory tests, ART and death notifications). Kaplan-Meier method and Cox model were used in survival analysis. The outcome was all-cause deaths. The explanatory variables measured at baseline were sociodemographic characteristics, HIV transmission mode and coinfections by hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV). The time-varying variables were CD4 cell count, viral load (VL) and ART status. Results Study population (n = 411,281) was mainly male (61%), under 40 years old (61%), Caucasian (37%), with basic education (43%), heterosexual HIV-infection mode (41%), resident in Southeast region (48%). The co-infection rate was 2.5% for HCV, and 1.4% for HBV. Median time to ART initiation was 83 days. During the follow-up period (median: 4 years), 61,757 deaths occurred (6% HCV-coinfected and 2% HBV-coinfected). The global mortality rate was 3.44 [95% confidence interval: 3.42-3.47] per 100 person-years (PY) during 1,793,417 PY. The factors associated with increased mortality in multivariable analyses were male gender, age over 40, non-Caucasian race, HIV infection by drug use, resident in North, Northeast and South regions, HCV and HBV coinfection, VL ≥ 200 copies/mL and starting ART with CD4&lt;200 cells/mm3. Conclusions Although PLWHA start ART in less than 3 months after the beginning of follow-up, there is still late treatment (at CD4&lt;200 cells/mm3). Screening should target all populations regardless of risk group. Coinfected individuals should also be early treated for HCV and HBV infections. Key messages The results of our study show that all populations should be target for HIV screening regardless of risk group. PLWHA coinfected with hepatitis B and hepatitis C should be also early treated for hepatitis coinfections.

scholarly journals A comparative study of substance use before and after establishing HIV infection status among people living with HIV/AIDS

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 464-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gemechu B. Gerbi ◽  
Tsegaye Habtemariam ◽  
Berhanu Tameru ◽  
David Nganwa ◽  
Vinaida Robnett
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Infection Status ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

scholarly journals Medical and Islamic Perspectives on Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and its Prevention

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah F ◽  
Hashi AA ◽  
Said AH ◽  
Mat Nor MB
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) that causes Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is one of the world’s most serious health and nation-state destructions. It creates long-term economic and psychosocial impact on the lives of individuals, families and communities. Since the first reported case of HIV/AIDS in Malaysia in 1986, its prevalence has escalated significantly. As of December 2017, there are over 115,263 reported cases of HIV infections in the country and over 40,000 people died from HIV/AIDS.1 Although many religious people regarded HIV infection as a divine punishment for their sins of sexual promiscuity, Islamic teaching emphasises the prevention of the disease and care for people living with HIV or AIDS. It is imperative to discuss the Islamic perspectives in providing ways to prevent the spread of HIV and support to people living with HIV (PLHIV). This article focuses on epidemiological data; highlight the burden of HIV infection/AIDS in Malaysia and its impact on the society, HIV infection from medical perspective and its preventive measures from Islamic viewpoints. A good teamwork among healthcare providers and religious leaders is compulsory as it may improve the preventive strategies to curb the disease in the country.

scholarly journals Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in People Living with HIV/AIDS: Facts and Controversies

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2227
Author(s):  
Valeria Castelli ◽  
Andrea Lombardi ◽  
Emanuele Palomba ◽  
Giorgio Bozzi ◽  
Riccardo Ungaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Viral Reservoir ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Immune Exhaustion ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are reshaping the landscape of cancer treatment, redefining the prognosis of several tumors. They act by restoring the cytotoxic activity of tumor-specific T lymphocytes that are in a condition of immune exhaustion. The same condition has been widely described in chronic HIV infection. In this review, we dissect the role of ICIs in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHIV). First, we provide an overview of the immunologic scenario. Second, we discuss the possible use of ICIs as adjuvant treatment of HIV to achieve elimination of the viral reservoir. Third, we examine the influence of HIV infection on ICI safety and effectiveness. Finally, we describe how the administration of ICIs impacts opportunistic infections.

scholarly journals Anemia and thrombocytopenia in people living with HIV/AIDS: a narrative literature review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Marchionatti ◽  
Mariana Migliorini Parisi
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
High Death ◽  
Comprehensive Search ◽  
Narrative Literature Review ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Hematologic changes are frequent complications in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Anemia and thrombocytopenia are the most frequent multifactorial hematologic abnormalities and are associated with a low quality of life and high death rates. This study aims to describe the prevalence of anemia and thrombocytopenia in PLWHA and to identify the main clinical characteristics that aggravate these conditions in studies published in the last 10 y. A comprehensive search was performed on the PUBMED database, using the terms ‘HIV infection and anemia’ and ‘HIV infection and thrombocytopenia’. Additional searches were made in the reference lists of articles covering the theme. The selected studies reported an overall prevalence of anemia from 7.2% to 84% and of thrombocytopenia from 4.5% to 26.2%. The prevalence of thrombocytopenia and anemia were aggravated by a CD4+ T lymphocyte count of &lt;200 cells/μL, increased viral load and coinfections or opportunistic infections. Antiviral therapy (ART) shows a beneficial effect, reducing the frequencies of thrombocytopenia and anemia, except in a zidovudine-based ART regimen, which worsens the anemic condition. Because anemia and thrombocytopenia are treatable comorbidities associated with increased mortality among PLWHA, physicians should monitor these risk factors in order to establish better interventions and reduce morbidity and mortality in PLWHA.

scholarly journals Changing Scenario of Health Problems due to HIV Infection

2017 ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Laveena D’Mello ◽  
Govindaraju B. M.
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

In Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) epidemic, today has become not only a public health issue but also one that is seriously affecting the dynamics of the social, cultural, economic and developmental pace of the society. India has a population of 1.2 billion people, around half of whom are adults in the sexually active age group. The first AIDS case in India was detected in 1986 and since then HIV infection has been reported in all states and union territories. Estimated number of people living with HIV/AIDS, 2009 People living with HIV/AIDS is 2.39 million. Adult (15 years or above) HIV prevalence is 0.31%. Previously it was thought that around 5 million people were living with HIV in India - more than in any other country. Better data, including the results of a national household survey conducted in 2005-2006, led to a major revision of the prevalence estimate in July 2007. It is now thought that around 2.39 million people in India are living with HIV. Of these, an estimated 39% are female and 4 % are children. HIV prevalence in India may have declined slightly in recent years, though the epidemic is still growing in some regions and population groups. AIDS the killer diseases of the century is spreading with enormous rapidly and has now emerged as serious socio-economic and public health problems. The aim of the study is to find out changing scenario of Health Problems due to HIV infection. The objectives are to find out the socio-economic background of the respondents and to know the health issues of the positive people. The fifty samples 25 male and 25 female were selected from ART centre of Dakshina Kannada Districts at Karnataka State, India for this study

scholarly journals High HIV Prevalence Among Low Income and Laborers in the District of Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, India

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
DK Biswas ◽  
R Bhunia ◽  
A Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Heterosexual Transmission ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
History Of ◽  
Social Amenities ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Introduction: There were limited data of “People Living with HIV/AIDS” (PLHA). The data of PLHA were  analyzed in time, place and person and socio-economic status and recommended for prevention of HIV  infection. Objective of study were to describe the PLHAs in term of time, place and person distribution  and their socio-demographic status, to detect the mode of transmission of HIV and to recommend for  prevention of spread HIV infection and social security. Methodology: The information about socio-demographic status and exposure history of PLHAs since  2010 was collected. Data were analyzed by using Epi-info software. Results: Among 329 PLHAs, 165 (50%) were men and 42 (13%) were children <14 years and they  acquired HIV through blood transfusion 26 (62%). A maximum 276 (84%) PLHAs were age group 15 -  45 years. Out of 25 Community Block in district, maximum PLHAs were distributed at Tamluk Block 56  (17%) followed by Paskura 43 (13%). Of PLHAs, 246 (75%) had family income rupees <2000.00 per  month and 138 (38%) of them were laborer and 85 (26%) home maker (house-wife). Highest 289 (88%)  of PLHAs acquired HIV through heterosexual route. Conclusion: Heterosexual transmission of HIV showed among low income and laborer. The counseling  for safe sex practice, employment people and social amenities were recommended. SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases & HIV/AIDS; 2012; IX(2) 1-4 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/saarctb.v9i2.7970

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