Emergence of Staphylococcal Cassette ChromosomemecType IV Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusas a Cause of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1206-1209 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Neofytos ◽  
B. Kuhn ◽  
S. Shen ◽  
X. Hua Zhu ◽  
D. Jungkind ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Crude Mortality ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome

Staphylococcal cassette chromosomemec(SCCmec) type IV methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) strains were identified in 8 (19.5%) of 41 consecutive patients with MRSA ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in this retrospective, observational study. There were no significant differences in VAP severity and crude mortality rates between patients with SCCmectype II strains and patients with SCCmectype IV strains.

scholarly journals Novel Type of Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec Identified in Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 1147-1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Xue Ma ◽  
Teruyo Ito ◽  
Chuntima Tiensasitorn ◽  
Mantana Jamklang ◽  
Piriyaporn Chongtrakool ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Gene Complex ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Class B ◽  
New Type ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome

ABSTRACT We identified a new type of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) from two community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains. The novel element, designated type IV SCCmec, had a unique combination of the class B mec gene complex and the type 2 ccr gene complex and was much smaller in size (21 to 24 kb) than previously identified SCCmec elements of hospital-acquired MRSA. Consistent with the strains' susceptibilities to various non-β-lactam antibiotics, the type IV SCCmec was devoid of any antibiotic resistance genes other than the mecA gene.

scholarly journals Increased Incidence and Plasma-Biofilm Formation Ability of SCCmec Type IV Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Isolated From Patients With Bacteremia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masakaze Hamada ◽  
Tetsuo Yamaguchi ◽  
Ayami Sato ◽  
Daisuke Ono ◽  
Kotaro Aoki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Sccmec Type ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Mrsa Strains

In Japan, Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type IV methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an increasingly prominent cause of bacteremia, but the virulence of most of these strains is unclear. We aimed to investigate the relationship between the molecular characteristics and the ability to form biofilms in the presence of blood plasma (plasma-biofilms) of MRSA strains isolated from bloodstream infections. In this study, the molecular characteristics and biofilms of MRSA strains isolated from blood cultures between 2015 and 2017 were analyzed by PCR-based assays, crystal violet staining, and confocal reflection microscopy methods. Among the 90 MRSA isolates, the detection rate of SCCmec type II clones decreased from 60.7 to 20.6%. The SCCmec type IV clone replaced the SCCmec type II clone as the dominant clone, with a detection rate increasing from 32.1 to 73.5%. The plasma-biofilm formation ability of the SCCmec type IV clone was higher than the SCCmec type II clone and even higher in strains harboring the cna or arcA genes. Plasma-biofilms, mainly composed of proteins, were formed quickly and strongly. Our study demonstrated the increased plasma-biofilm formation ability of SCCmec type IV strains.

scholarly journals Distribution of Virulence Genes Among Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus of Clinical and Environmental Origin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepshikha Bhowmik ◽  
Shiela Chetri ◽  
Bhaskar Jyoti Das ◽  
Debadatta Dhar Chanda ◽  
Amitabha Bhattacharjee
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Type V

Abstract Objective: This study was designed to discover the dissemination of virulence genes in Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from clinical and environmental settings. Results: The virulence gene such as sea (n=54), seb (n=21), eta (n=27), etb (n=2), cna (n=24), ica (n=2) and tst (n=30) was revealed from this study. Different SCCmec types such as type I, type II, type III, type IV, type V, type VI, type VII, type VIII and type XII were detected among sixty three MRSA isolates where SCCmec type II having ST1551 and type V with ST2416 were found to be associated with multidrug resistance and were highly prevalent in the study area.

scholarly journals 554. The Changing Epidemiology of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Causing Bacteremia in Hiroshima, Japan During 2008–2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S263-S263
Author(s):  
Hiroki Kitagawa ◽  
Junzo Hisatsune ◽  
Hiroki Ohge ◽  
Motoyuki Sugai
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Sccmec Type ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin ◽  
Mrsa Strains

Abstract Background Recently, the Japanese intrinsic community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) clone (CA-MRSA/J), classified as sequence type (ST) 8 carrying staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type IVl (ST8-IVl), has been identified that causes invasive infections similar to those of USA300 clone. However, epidemiological information regarding epidemic CA-MRSA clones is limited in Japan. This study was performed to investigate the changing epidemiology of MRSA causing bacteremia in Japan. Methods We performed whole-genome sequencing of MRSA isolates causing bacteremia at Hiroshima University Hospital between January 2008 and December 2017. MRSA isolates were subjected to multilocus sequence typing, SCCmec typing and were analyzed for virulence factors. Clinical data of patients with MRSA bacteremia were analyzed. Results A total of 193 MRSA strains causing bacteremia were identified during the study period. Among these, most belonged to ST764-IIa (30%; 59 of 193) and ST5-IIa (26.9%; 52 of 193). The proportion of ST5-IIa MRSA decreased from 39.6% (42 of 106) in 2008–2012 to 11.5% (10 of 87) in 2013–2017, and that of ST764-IIa MRSA increased from 23.6% (25 of 106) to 39.1% (34 of 87) in the same time period. The proportion of CA-MRSA (MRSA carrying SCCmec type IV or V) increased from 28.3% (30 of 106) in 2008–2012 to 42.5% (37 of 87) in 2013–2017. In CA-MRSA strains, clonal complex (CC) 8-IV MRSA was predominant (76.1%; 51 of 67). Those belonging to CC8-IV MRSA isolates were ST380-IVc (18 of 51), ST8-IVl (CA-MRSA/J; 15 of 51), ST8-IVj (15 of 51), ST8-IVa (2 of 51), and ST4803-IVl (1 of 51). The rate of hospital-onset infections of ST380-IVc, ST8-IVl, and ST8-IVj were 83.3%, 46.7%, and 60%, respectively. In CA-MRSA/J strains, including their variants (e.g., ST4803-IVl), 14 of 16 strains (87.5%) carried genes for toxic shock syndrome toxin (tst-1), enterotoxin C (sec), and enterotoxin L (sel), while none of the ST380-IVc and ST8-IVj MRSA strains carried these genes. Conclusion During the study period of 10 years, predominant ST5-IIa MRSA causing hospital-onset infections was replaced by ST764-IIa MRSA. In CA-MRSA clone, ST380-IVc, ST8-IVl (CA-MRSA/J), and ST8-IVj were dominant and have already spread to the healthcare environment. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Control of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains Associated With a Hospital Outbreak Involving Contamination From Anesthesia Equipment Using UV-C

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara A. Ochoa ◽  
Ariadnna Cruz-Córdova ◽  
Jetsi Mancilla-Rojano ◽  
Gerardo Escalona-Venegas ◽  
Veronica Esteban-Kenel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Hospital Outbreak ◽  
Anesthesia Equipment ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Uv C ◽  
Sequence Types

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is considered an opportunistic pathogen in humans and is mainly associated with healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs). This bacterium colonizes the skin and mucous membranes of healthy people and causes frequent hospital outbreaks. The aim of this study was to perform molecular typing of the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) and agr loci as wells as to establish the pulsotypes and clonal complexes (CCs) for MRSA and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) outbreaks associated with the operating room (OR) at a pediatric hospital. Twenty-five clinical strains of S. aureus (19 MRSA and 6 MSSA strains) were recovered from the outbreak (patients, anesthesia equipment, and nasopharyngeal exudates from external service anesthesia technicians). These clinical S. aureus strains were mainly resistant to benzylpenicillin (100%) and erythromycin (84%) and were susceptible to vancomycin and nitrofurantoin. The SCCmec type II was amplified in 84% of the S. aureus strains, and the most frequent type of the agr locus was agrII, which was amplified in 72% of the strains; however, the agrI and agrIII genes were mainly detected in MSSA strains. A pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis grouped the 25 strains into 16 pulsotypes (P), the most frequent of which was P1, including 10 MRSA strains related to the anesthesia equipment, external service anesthesia technicians, and hospitalized patients. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) identified 15 sequence types (STs) distributed in nine CCs. The most prevalent ST was ST1011, belonging to CC5, which was associated with the SCCmec type II and agrII type. We postulate that the external service anesthesia technicians were MRSA carriers and that these strains were indirectly transmitted from the contaminated anesthesia equipment that was inappropriately disinfected. Finally, the MRSA outbreak was controlled when the anesthesia equipment disinfection was improved and hand hygiene was reinforced.

scholarly journals Identification of a Novel Variant of Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec, Type II.5, and Its Truncated Form by Insertion of Putative Conjugative Transposon Tn6012

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 2616-2619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Han ◽  
Teruyo Ito ◽  
Fumihiko Takeuchi ◽  
Xiao Xue Ma ◽  
Michihiko Takasu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Truncated Form ◽  
Conjugative Transposon ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Novel Variant ◽  
Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome

ABSTRACT We identified two novel staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) elements in sequence type 8 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated in Japan: type II.5 SCCmec, whose J1 region was highly homologous to that of type I.2 SCCmec of strain PL72 (previously isolated in Poland), and its J1 region variant caused by the deletion/insertion of putative conjugative transposon Tn6012, identified in four S. aureus genomes.

scholarly journals Novel Types of Staphylococcal Cassette ChromosomemecElements Identified in Clonal Complex 398 Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 3046-3050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanshuang Li ◽  
Robert Leo Skov ◽  
Xiao Han ◽  
Anders Rhod Larsen ◽  
Jesper Larsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Clonal Complex ◽  
Subtype C ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Original Host ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Type V ◽  
Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome

ABSTRACTThe structures of staphylococcal cassette chromosomemec(SCCmec) elements carried by 31 clonal complex 398 (CC398) methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) strains isolated from the participants at a conference were analyzed. The SCCmecs were classified into novel types, namely, IX, X, V(5C2&5) subtype c, and IVa. Type V(5C2&5) subtype c, IX, and X SCCmecs carried genes conferring resistance to metals. The structures of SCCmecs from CC398 strains were distinct from those normally found in humans, adding to the evidence that humans are not the original host for CC398.

scholarly journals Occurrence and Molecular Characteristics of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in an Academic Veterinary Hospital

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (15) ◽  
pp. 5165-5174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanako Ishihara ◽  
Natsumi Shimokubo ◽  
Akie Sakagami ◽  
Hiroshi Ueno ◽  
Yasukazu Muramatsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Stepwise Logistic Regression ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Veterinary Hospital

ABSTRACT Recently, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) have been increasingly isolated from veterinarians and companion animals. With a view to preventing the spread of MRSA and MRSP, we evaluated the occurrence and molecular characteristics of each in a veterinary college. MRSA and MRSP were isolated from nasal samples from veterinarians, staff members, and veterinary students affiliated with a veterinary hospital. Using stepwise logistic regression, we identified two factors associated with MRSA carriage: (i) contact with an identified animal MRSA case (odds ratio [OR], 6.9; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 2.2 to 21.6) and (ii) being an employee (OR, 6.2; 95% CI, 2.0 to 19.4). The majority of MRSA isolates obtained from individuals affiliated with the veterinary hospital and dog patients harbored spa type t002 and a type II staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec), similar to the hospital-acquired MRSA isolates in Japan. MRSA isolates harboring spa type t008 and a type IV SCCmec were obtained from one veterinarian on three different sampling occasions and also from dog patients. MRSA carriers can also be a source of MRSA infection in animals. The majority of MRSP isolates (85.2%) carried hybrid SCCmec type II-III, and almost all the remaining MRSP isolates (11.1%) carried SCCmec type V. MRSA and MRSP were also isolated from environmental samples collected from the veterinary hospital (5.1% and 6.4%, respectively). The application of certain disinfection procedures is important for the prevention of nosocomial infection, and MRSA and MRSP infection control strategies should be adopted in veterinary medical practice.

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